2025年教師資格證考試（中學英語）英語閱讀理解與寫作沖刺押題試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Directions:Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachitem.PassageOneTheinternethasbecomeanindispensablepartofmodernlife.Itconnectspeopleacrosstheglobe,providesaccesstoavastamountofinformation,andfacilitatescountlessformsofcommunicationandcommerce.However,thisdigitalconnectivityalsobringschallenges.Onesignificantconcernisthespreadofmisinformation.Falseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidlyonline,oftenfasterthanfactualcontent,potentiallyinfluencingpublicopinionandevenimpactingpoliticaloutcomes.Additionally,theinternetcanfosterasenseofisolationdespiteitsconnectivecapabilities.Peoplemayspendhoursinteractingwithscreensandonlinecommunitiesbutexperiencealackofmeaningfulface-to-facecommunication.Furthermore,concernsaboutprivacyanddatasecurityare日益突出asmorepersonalinformationissharedonline.Whiletheinternetoffersnumerousbenefits,itiscrucialtobeawareofandmitigatethesepotentialdownsidestoharnessitspowerresponsibly.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Thehistoryoftheinternet.B.Thebenefitsanddrawbacksofinternetusage.C.Theimportanceofinternetspeed.D.Theinfluenceofonlinecommunities.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonenegativeconsequenceoftheinternet?A.Itencouragesglobalconnections.B.Itprovideseasyaccesstoinformation.C.Itspreadsfalseinformationquickly.D.Itimprovesprivacyprotection.3.Theword"indispensable"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.ExpensiveB.NecessaryC.SlowD.Complex4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutonlinecommunication?A.Italwaysreplacesface-to-faceinteractioneffectively.B.Itistheonlywaytomaintainsocialconnections.C.Itcansometimesleadtoalackofreal-worldinteraction.D.Itprimarilyinvolvescommunicationwithstrangers.5.Thephrase"日益突出"(rìyìtūchū)isusedtodescribe:A.Thespeedofinternetconnection.B.Theamountofinformationavailable.C.Thegrowingconcernsaboutprivacyandsecurity.D.Thenumberofpeopleusingtheinternet.PassageTwoAdaptationisafundamentalprincipleofbiology,enablingspeciestosurviveandthriveinchangingenvironments.Itinvolvesgeneticvariationsthatprovideindividualswithadvantagesinspecificconditions,leadingtonaturalselectionovergenerations.Adaptationscanbephysical,suchasthethickfurofpolarbearsinsulatingthemfromthecold,orbehavioral,likebirdsmigratingtowarmerclimatesduringwinter.Humansalsodemonstrateadaptation,althoughoftenthroughculturalandtechnologicalmeansratherthanpurelygeneticones.Forexample,thedevelopmentofagricultureallowedhumanpopulationstosettleinoneplaceandsupportlargercommunities,representingasignificantbehavioraladaptationtoenvironmentalconstraints.Understandingadaptationiscrucialforconservationefforts,asithelpsscientistspredicthowspeciesmightrespondtochallengeslikeclimatechange.Bystudyingadaptation,wegaininsightsintotheremarkableabilityoflifetoendureandevolve.6.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Todescribethehistoryofbiology.B.Toexplaintheconceptofadaptationanditsimportance.C.Todebatetheexistenceofgeneticvariations.D.Topromotethedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisadaptation?A.Theprocessbywhichspecieschangeovertimetobetterfittheirenvironment.B.Theabilityofindividualstolearnnewskillsquickly.C.Thedevelopmentofculturaltraditionsinhumansocieties.D.Thesurvivalofthestrongestindividualsinanypopulation.8.Theexampleofthepolarbearisusedtoillustrate:A.Theonlytypeofadaptationinanimals.B.Aphysicaladaptationthathelpsananimalsurvive.C.Theimportanceofmigrationforallspecies.D.Howhumanshaveinfluencedanimalbehavior.9.Theword"endure"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.TochangerapidlyB.TofaceandovercomedifficultiesC.TodisappearcompletelyD.Toreproducequickly10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheinformationinthepassage?A.Alladaptationsarepurelygeneticinnature.B.Humanshavenoneedforadaptationssincetheycreatetechnology.C.Adaptationisessentialforthesurvivalofspeciesfacingenvironmentalchanges.D.Physicaladaptationsaremoreimportantthanbehavioraladaptations.PassageThreeSustainabledevelopmenthasemergedasacriticalglobalgoal,aimingtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisconcept,popularizedbytheBrundtlandCommissionin1987,encompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions.Environmentalsustainabilityfocusesonpreservingnaturalresources,reducingpollution,andcombatingclimatechangethroughpracticeslikerenewableenergyadoptionandreforestation.Socialsustainabilityemphasizesequity,socialinclusion,andimprovingqualityoflifeforallpeople.Economicsustainabilityinvolvesfosteringinclusivegrowth,creatinggreenjobs,andensuringlong-termeconomicviabilitywithoutdepletingresources.Achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequirescoordinatedeffortsfromgovernments,businesses,andindividuals.Simpleactionslikereducingwaste,conservingenergy,andsupportinglocalcommunitiescontributetothislargergoal.Theurgencyofsustainabledevelopmenthasneverbeengreater,astheconsequencesofinaction—suchasenvironmentaldegradationandsocialinequality—becomeincreasinglyapparent.11.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassage?A.ThehistoryoftheBrundtlandCommission.B.Thedefinitionandcomponentsofsustainabledevelopment.C.Theimportanceofrenewableenergysources.D.Theroleofindividualsinenvironmentalconservation.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesenvironmentalsustainabilityinvolve?A.Increasingindustrialproductiontomeetcurrentneeds.B.Usingnaturalresourcesmoreefficientlyandprotectingtheenvironment.C.Focusingsolelyonreducingpollutionwithoutconsideringotherfactors.D.Ignoringclimatechangetoprioritizeeconomicgrowth.13.Theword"encompasses"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.ExcludesB.FocusesonC.IncludesD.Challenges14.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Tocriticizecurrentgovernmentpolicies.B.Tolistspecificexamplesofsustainabledevelopmentprojects.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofindividualactionsinachievingsustainability.D.Toargueagainsttheconceptofsocialsustainability.15.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentis:A.Onlyrelevanttowealthynations.B.Acomplexchallengerequiringmultiplestakeholders.C.Primarilytheresponsibilityoflargecorporations.D.Agoalthatisdifficulttomeasureeffectively.第二部分寫作Directions:Writeanessayof120-150wordsbasedonthefollowingtopic.Youressayshouldclearlystateyourpositionandprovidesupportingdetails.Topic:Manypeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldspendmoremoneyonimprovingpublictransportationsystemsthanonbuildingnewroads.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解1.B解析思路：文章首段提出互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的不可或缺性，接著第二段轉(zhuǎn)折指出其挑戰(zhàn)，如信息失實、社交隔離、隱私問題。第三段總結(jié)認為雖然有益，但需負責任地使用。全文圍繞互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的“好處”與“壞處”展開，故B項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用的益處和弊端”最能概括主旨。A項片面，C項未提及，D項是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一個方面。2.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段明確指出，“Falseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidlyonline,oftenfasterthanfactualcontent,potentiallyinfluencingpublicopinionandevenimpactingpoliticaloutcomes.”這直接說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)快速傳播虛假信息的負面影響，故C項正確。A、B是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的益處，D項是隱私問題，非文中重點指出的負面影響。3.B解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“indispensablepartofmodernlife”，意為“現(xiàn)代生活中不可或缺的部分”，說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)非常必要、重要。A項“昂貴的”，不符合文意。B項“必要的”，與“indispensable”意思最接近。C項“慢的”，D項“復雜的”，均與原文含義不符。4.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Peoplemayspendhoursinteractingwithscreensandonlinecommunitiesbutexperiencealackofmeaningfulface-to-facecommunication.”這句話說明，雖然人們在線上花費大量時間，但可能缺乏有意義的面對面交流，暗示了線上交流可能帶來的負面效果——導致現(xiàn)實社交隔離。故C項正確。5.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段末尾“concernsaboutprivacyanddatasecurityare日益突出”，其中“日益突出”意為“越來越明顯、日益嚴重”。結(jié)合上下文，指對隱私和安全的擔憂變得越來越突出。故C項正確。6.B解析思路：文章首段提出適應是生物學的基本原則，使物種能適應環(huán)境。第二段解釋適應涉及遺傳變異和自然選擇。第三段舉例說明物理和行為適應。最后一段強調(diào)理解適應對生物多樣性（如應對氣候變化）的重要性。全文圍繞“適應”的概念及其重要性展開，故B項正確。7.A解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Adaptationisafundamentalprincipleofbiology,enablingspeciestosurviveandthriveinchangingenvironments.Itinvolvesgeneticvariationsthatprovideindividualswithadvantagesinspecificconditions,leadingtonaturalselectionovergenerations.”這段明確定義了適應是物種在變化環(huán)境中生存和繁榮的基本原則，涉及遺傳變異提供優(yōu)勢并導致自然選擇。故A項正確。8.B解析思路：文章以北極熊為例，“suchasthethickfurofpolarbearsinsulatingthemfromthecold”，明確指出厚厚的皮毛幫助北極熊抵御寒冷，這是一個物理上的適應特征。故B項正確。9.B解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“Bystudyingadaptation,wegaininsightsintotheremarkableabilityoflifetoendureandevolve.”在此語境下，“endure”指生命在面對挑戰(zhàn)（如氣候變化）時能夠承受、克服并進化。B項“面對并克服困難”意思最接近。10.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Understandingadaptationiscrucialforconservationefforts,asithelpsscientistspredicthowspeciesmightrespondtochallengeslikeclimatechange.”這句話直接說明理解適應對于保護工作至關(guān)重要，因為它有助于預測物種如何應對氣候變化等挑戰(zhàn)，即適應對于物種應對環(huán)境變化生存至關(guān)重要。故C項正確。11.B解析思路：文章首段定義可持續(xù)發(fā)展，第二段說明其包含環(huán)境、社會、經(jīng)濟維度。第三段強調(diào)政府、企業(yè)、個人共同努力，以及個人行動的重要性。全文系統(tǒng)地闡述了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的定義、構(gòu)成要素和實現(xiàn)途徑，故B項“定義和構(gòu)成要素的可持續(xù)發(fā)展”最能概括主旨。12.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Environmentalsustainabilityfocusesonpreservingnaturalresources,reducingpollution,andcombatingclimatechangethroughpracticeslikerenewableenergyadoptionandreforestation.”這段明確指出環(huán)境可持續(xù)性關(guān)注保護自然資源、減少污染、應對氣候變化（通過可再生能源和造林等做法）。B項“更有效地利用自然資源和保護環(huán)境”概括了這些要點，與原文信息一致。13.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Sustainabledevelopmentencompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions.”這里的“encompasses”意為“包含、涵蓋”。該句說明可持續(xù)發(fā)展包含環(huán)境、社會和經(jīng)濟三個維度。故C項“包含”意思最接近。14.C解析思路：最后一段首先提出需要各方努力，然后以“Simpleactionslikereducingwaste,conservingenergy,andsupportinglocalcommunitiescontributetothislargergoal.”為例，說明個人簡單的行動也很重要。最后一句再次強調(diào)個體行為對實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的貢獻。整段的核心在于強調(diào)“個人行動”的重要性，故C項正確。15.B解析思路：文章從定義可持續(xù)發(fā)展（第三段首句），到闡述其環(huán)境、社會、經(jīng)濟維度（第二段），再到強調(diào)需要政府、企業(yè)、個人共同參與（第三段中間和末尾），最后指出個人小行動也有貢獻（最后一段）。整個過程描述了一個需要多方利益相關(guān)者共同參與的復雜挑戰(zhàn)。故B項“一個需要多方利益相關(guān)者參與的復雜挑戰(zhàn)”最能反映文章信息。第二部分寫作（以下提供一個符合要求的范文示例，不計入答案部分，僅供參考）Itisoftendebatedwhethergovernmentsshouldprioritizespendingonpublictransportationsystemsoverbuildingnewroads.Inmyopinion,Istronglyagreethatinvestingmoreinpublictransportationisamorebeneficialapproachforseveralreasons.Firstly,improvingpublictransportationofferssignificantenvironmentalbenefits.Publictransport,suchasbusesandtrains,carriesmanypeopleefficiently,reducingthenumberofprivatecarso