2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解備考資料：真題匯編與解題技巧考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartOneReadingComprehensionDirections:Beloweachofthefollowingpassages,therearefourquestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionorcompletethestatement.PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedintensedebateacrossindustriesandamongthegeneralpublic.Proponentshighlightitstransformativepotential,envisioningAIasacatalystforunprecedentedefficiencygainsandinnovationacrosssectors,fromhealthcareandfinancetomanufacturingandentertainment.TheyarguethatAIsystems,capableofprocessingvastamountsofdatafarbeyondhumancapacity,canidentifypatternsandinsightsthatleadtobetterdecision-making,personalizedservices,andtheautomationofmundanetasks,therebyfreeinguphumanpotentialformorecreativeandstrategicendeavors.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofwidespreadAIadoption.Jobdisplacementloomslargeasautomationcouldrendercertainrolesobsolete,potentiallyexacerbatingeconomicinequalityifnotmanagedproperlythroughpolicieslikereskillingprogramsandsocialsafetynets.Ethicaldilemmasalsosurface,particularlyregardingalgorithmicbias,dataprivacy,andthepotentialformisusebymaliciousactorsorgovernments.ThelackofrobustregulatoryframeworkstoguideAIdevelopmentanddeploymentaddsanotherlayerofcomplexityanduncertainty.NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesAI'sbenefitswhilemitigatingitsrisksthroughcarefulplanning,ethicalconsiderations,andinternationalcooperation.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAI?3.WhatspecificconcernsdocriticshaveregardingAI?4.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryformanagingtheimpactofAI?PassageTwoUrbanizationcontinuesatanalarmingpaceglobally,propellingmillionsintocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,education,andservices.Whilecitiesareoftenseenascentersofeconomicgrowthandculturaldynamism,thisrelentlessurbanexpansionplacesimmensestrainonexistinginfrastructureandresources.Overcrowding,trafficcongestion,andpollutionareincreasinglycommonproblemsinrapidlygrowingmetropolises.Thedemandforhousingoftenleadstothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsortheconversionofgreenspaces,furthercompromisingthequalityoflife.Furthermore,theconcentrationofpeopleandeconomicactivitiesinurbanareascanstrainutilitieslikewaterandenergy,makingcitiesvulnerabletoresourceshortagesandpricehikes.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresinnovativeurbanplanningstrategies.Sustainabledevelopmentmodels,suchassmartcitiesleveragingtechnologyforefficientresourcemanagementandgreenbuildingpractices,offerpromisingavenues.Investinginpublictransportation,promotingmixed-usedevelopmenttoreducecommutingneeds,andcreatingaccessiblegreenspacesarealsocrucial.Ultimately,creatingmorelivable,equitable,andsustainablecitiesnecessitatesaholisticapproachthatbalancesdevelopmentpressureswiththewell-beingofurbanresidents.5.Whatistheprimaryconcernaddressedinthepassage?6.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomeconsequencesofrapidurbanization?7.Whatsolutionsdoesthepassagesuggestformanagingurbangrowth?8.Whatcharacteristicofcitiesishighlightedasmakingthemvulnerable?PassageThreeTheconceptof"well-being"hasevolvedsignificantlyovertime,movingbeyondasimplefocusontheabsenceofillnesstoencompassabroaderspectrumofhumanflourishing.Moderndefinitionsoftenincorporatepsychological,social,andeconomicdimensions,emphasizingnotjusthappinessbutalsolifesatisfaction,resilience,andtheabilitytorealizeone'spotential.Thisholisticviewrecognizesthatwell-beingissubjectiveandcanvaryacrossindividualsandcultures.Factorscontributingtowell-beingincludestrongsocialconnections,asenseofpurpose,engagingworkoractivities,financialsecurity,goodhealth,andlivinginasafeenvironment.Achievingwell-beingisincreasinglyseenasapersonalgoalaswellasasocietalobjective.Governmentsandorganizationsareexploringvariousinitiativestopromotewell-being,fromimplementingpoliciesthatsupportwork-lifebalanceandmentalhealthresourcestofosteringcommunityengagementandaccesstonature.Researchcontinuestoexplorethemosteffectivewaystocultivatewell-being,suggestingthatpracticeslikemindfulness,gratitude,andregularphysicalactivitycanplayapositiverole.Understandingandprioritizingwell-beingiscrucialforindividualhealth,societalprogress,andcreatingamoreflourishingfutureforall.9.Whathaschangedinthedefinitionof"well-being"accordingtothepassage?10.Whataresomefactorsmentionedinthepassagethatcontributetowell-being?11.Accordingtotheauthor,whyiswell-beingconsideredasocietalobjective?12.Whattypesofactionsaresuggestedforpromotingwell-beingatacommunitylevel?PassageFourTheglobalfoodsystemfacesnumerousinterconnectedchallengesinthe21stcentury,primarilydrivenbypopulationgrowth,climatechange,andunsustainableagriculturalpractices.Feedingaprojectedglobalpopulationofoverninebillionby2050requiresafundamentaltransformationtowardsmoreefficient,sustainable,andresilientfoodproductionmethods.Currentpractices,heavilyreliantonintensivefarmingandchemicalinputs,contributesignificantlytoenvironmentaldegradation,includingsoildepletion,waterpollution,andgreenhousegasemissions.Furthermore,theyoftenstrainnaturalresourcesandcanleadtothelossofbiodiversity.Innovationsinagriculturaltechnologyofferpromisingsolutions.Techniquessuchasprecisionagriculture,utilizingdataandsensorstooptimizeresourceuse,verticalfarminginurbanenvironments,andthedevelopmentofdrought-resistantcropvarietiescanincreaseyieldswhilereducingenvironmentalimpact.Diversifyingfoodsources,includingthepotentialofalternativeproteinslikeinsect-basedorcultivatedmeat,alsopresentsopportunities.Addressingfoodsecurityrequiresamultifacetedapproachthatcombinestechnologicaladvancementwithpolicysupportforsmallholderfarmers,improvedglobalsupplychainefficiency,andenhancedaccesstonutritiousfoodforallpopulations.Collaborationacrossthepublicandprivatesectorsisessentialtobuildafood-securefuturethatisbothsustainableandequitable.13.Whataresomemajorchallengesfacingtheglobalfoodsystem?14.Whatnegativeenvironmentalimpactsareassociatedwithcurrentagriculturalpractices?15.Whataresometechnologicalinnovationsmentionedthatcouldhelpaddressfoodproductionchallenges?16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisnecessaryforachievingglobalfoodsecurity?PartTwoTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese:Therapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhasfundamentallychangedhowwework,learn,andcommunicate.Ithasbridgedgeographicalgaps,enablinginstantcollaborationandaccesstoawealthofknowledgepreviouslyunimaginable.However,thisdigitalrevolutionalsopresentssignificantchallenges.Issuessuchasthedigitaldivide,whereaccesstotechnologyandtheinternetisunevenlydistributed,riskexacerbatingexistinginequalities.Furthermore,theconstantconnectivityfacilitatedbydigitaltoolscanblurthelinesbetweenworkandpersonallife,leadingtoburnoutanddecreasedwell-being.Theriseofartificialintelligenceandautomationisreshapingthejobmarket,requiringindividualstoadaptandacquirenewskillstoremaincompetitive.Whilethepotentialbenefitsoftechnologicaladvancementarevast,navigatingitscomplexitiesandmitigatingitsnegativeconsequencesthroughthoughtfulpolicy,ethicalconsiderations,andresponsibleusageiscrucialforensuringafuturewheretechnologyserveshumanityequitablyandsustainably.試卷答案PartOneReadingComprehension1.Themaintopicofthepassageisthedebatesurroundingtherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence,includingitspotentialbenefitsandcriticisms.**解析思路：*文章首段明確提出了關(guān)于人工智能的爭論（debate），隨后分別闡述了支持者和批評者的觀點（proponentshighlight...,criticsraiselegitimateconcerns...），因此文章主題是圍繞人工智能的利弊展開的爭論。2.Accordingtothepassage,potentialbenefitsofAIincludeunprecedentedefficiencygains,innovationacrosssectors(healthcare,finance,manufacturing,entertainment),betterdecision-makingthroughdataprocessing,personalizedservices,andautomationofmundanetasks.**解析思路：*定位到文章第一段支持者觀點的部分（Proponentshighlightitstransformativepotential...），列出了效率提升、創(chuàng)新、決策優(yōu)化、個性化服務(wù)、自動化等具體好處。3.WhatspecificconcernsdocriticshaveregardingAI?**解析思路：*定位到文章第一段批評者觀點的部分（However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsabout...），明確提到了就業(yè)流失（jobdisplacement）、倫理困境（ethicaldilemmas,algorithmicbias,dataprivacy,misuse）、缺乏監(jiān)管（lackofrobustregulatoryframeworks）等具體擔憂。4.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryformanagingtheimpactofAI?**解析思路：*定位到文章最后一句（Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproach...），作者明確提出需要采取平衡的方法（balancedapproach），同時利用其好處（harnessingitsbenefits）并減輕其風(fēng)險（mitigatingitsrisks），并通過carefulplanning,ethicalconsiderations,andinternationalcooperation具體說明。5.Theprimaryconcernaddressedinthepassageisthestrainthatrapidurbanizationplacesonexistinginfrastructureandresources.**解析思路：*文章第二段開頭直接點明主題（Urbanizationcontinuesatanalarmingpace...placesimmensestrainonexistinginfrastructureandresources），指出快速城市化給現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和資源帶來巨大壓力，這是文章要解決的核心問題。6.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomeconsequencesofrapidurbanization?**解析思路：*文章第二段列舉了城市化帶來的多個后果（Overcrowding,trafficcongestion,andpollutionareincreasinglycommonproblems...demandforhousingoftenleadsto...theconversionofgreenspaces...strainingutilitieslikewaterandenergy），包括擁擠、交通擁堵、污染加劇、住房問題、環(huán)境空間減少、資源緊張等。7.Whatsolutionsdoesthepassagesuggestformanagingurbangrowth?**解析思路：*文章第二段后半部分提出了應(yīng)對策略（Addressingthesechallengesrequiresinnovativeurbanplanningstrategies...smartcities...investinginpublictransportation,promotingmixed-usedevelopment,creatingaccessiblegreenspaces），包括創(chuàng)新規(guī)劃、智慧城市、投資公共交通、推廣混合用途開發(fā)、建設(shè)綠地等。8.Whatcharacteristicofcitiesishighlightedasmakingthemvulnerable?**解析思路：*文章第二段提到城市因高度集中的人口和經(jīng)濟活動而使“utilitieslikewaterandenergy”處于緊張狀態(tài)（vulnerabletoresourceshortagesandpricehikes），這表明了其資源依賴性和集中性所帶來的脆弱性。9.Whathaschangedinthedefinitionof"well-being"accordingtothepassage?**解析思路：*文章第三段開頭指出概念演變（Theconceptof"well-being"hasevolvedsignificantly...），并解釋了現(xiàn)代定義超越了單純的無?。╝bsenceofillness）到包含更廣維度（psychological,social,economicdimensions,lifesatisfaction,resilience,potential），即從單一健康觀變?yōu)檎w幸福感觀。10.Whataresomefactorsmentionedinthepassagethatcontributetowell-being?**解析思路：*文章第三段明確列出了構(gòu)成幸福感的因素（Factorscontributingtowell-beingincludestrongsocialconnections,asenseofpurpose,engagingworkoractivities,financialsecurity,goodhealth,andlivinginasafeenvironment）。11.Accordingtotheauthor,whyiswell-beingconsideredasocietalobjective?**解析思路：*文章第三段提到政府和組織探索促進幸福感（Achievingwell-beingisincreasinglyseenasapersonalgoalaswellasasocietalobjective），并列舉了政府實施的政策（implementingpolicies...），表明其被視為社會目標是因為它關(guān)系到公共福祉和需要社會層面的努力。12.Whattypesofactionsaresuggestedforpromotingwell-beingatacommunitylevel?**解析思路：*文章第三段最后一句提到了促進幸福感的具體行動（Governmentsandorganizationsareexploringvariousinitiativestopromotewell-being...implementingpoliciesthatsupportwork-lifebalanceandmentalhealthresources,fosteringcommunityengagementandaccesstonature），如實施支持工作生活平衡和心理健康政策、促進社區(qū)參與、提供接觸自然的機會等。13.Whataresomemajorchallengesfacingtheglobalfoodsystem?**解析思路：*文章第四段開頭點明了挑戰(zhàn)（Theglobalfoodsystemfacesnumerousinterconnectedchallenges...），并列舉了主要方面（populationgrowth,climatechange,unsustainableagriculturalpractices