【英語】高三英語閱讀理解各地方試卷集合匯編一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Theyhadadozenchildren,sixboysandsixgirls,inseventeenyears.OnereasonDadhadsomanychildrenwasthathewasconfidentanythingheandMotherteameduponwassuretobeasuccess.

OurhouseatMontclair,NewJersey,wasasortofschoolforscientificmanagementandtheremovalofwastedmotions—or“motionstudy,”asDadandMothernamedit.

Dadtookmovingpicturesofuschildrenwashingdishes,sothathecoulddeterminehowwecouldreduceourmotionsandthushurrythroughthetask.Eachchildwhowantedextrapocketmoneyputforwardanoffersayingwhathewoulddothejobfor.Thelowestbiddergotthecontract(合約).

Dadputprocessandworkchartsinthebathrooms.Everychildoldenoughtowrite—andDadexpectedhischildrentostartwritingatayoungage—wasrequiredtosigntheirnamesonthechartsinthemorningafterhehadbrushedhisteeth,takenabath,combedhishair,andmadehisbed.Atnight,eachchildhadtoweighhimself,markthefigureonagraph,andsigntheprocesschartsagainafterhehaddonehishomework,washedhishandsandface,andbrushedhisteeth.Motherwantedtohaveaplaceonthechartsforsayingprayers,butDadsaidasfarashewasconcernedprayerswerevoluntary.

Itwasstrictmanagement,allright.Yes,athomeoronthejob,Dadwasalwaystheefficiencyexpert.Hebuttonedhisvestfromthebottomup,insteadoffromthetopdown,becausethebottom-to-topprocesstookhimonlythreeseconds,whilethetop-to-bottomtookseven.Heevenusedtwoshavingbrushestomakehisfacesmoothenough,becausehefoundthatbysodoinghecouldcutseventeensecondsoffhisshavingtime.Forawhilehetriedshavingwithtworazors,buthefinallygavethatup.

“Icansaveforty-fourseconds,”hecomplained,“butIwastedtwominutesthismorningputtingthisbandageonmythroat.”Itwasn'ttheinjuredthroatthatreallybotheredhim.Itwasthetwominutes.（1）Whywastheauthor'shouseconsideredasortofschool?A.

Ithadateamoftwelvechildrenthere.

B.

Thechildrenweretaughthowtoworkwellinit.C.

Theparentscouldteachtheirchildrenbetterathome.

D.

Theparentscouldhavethechildren'sdailyactivitiesrecorded.（2）Whatisthepurposeofsigningthecharts?A.

Tohelptodothingsefficiently.

B.

Tomanagethebigfamilyeffectively.C.

Tolookafterthechildrenbetter.

D.

Toremindthechildrentoobeytherules.（3）Whatdidthefathercomplainaboutonemorning?A.

Heshouldhavegivenupshaving.

B.

Hisbleedingthroatbotheredhim.C.

Hecouldn'tshavewithtworazors.

D.

Hefailedtocutshorthisshavingtime.（4）Wecanweinferfromthetext?A.

Thekidshadtobidforeverythingtheywanted.

B.

Theauthortookprideinhisfather'smanagement.C.

Thecouplewerealwaystroubledbytheirchildren.

D.

Thefather'sworkwastoteachthechildrenathome.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者父親有一套嚴(yán)格有效的管理教育子女的方法，使作者感到自豪。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“OurhouseatMontclair,NewJersey,wasasortofschoolforscientificmanagementandtheremovalofwastedmotions—or‘motionstudy,’asDadandMothernamedit.”可知，作者的家被認(rèn)為是一種學(xué)校是因?yàn)楹⒆觽儽唤虒?dǎo)如何在里面工作得很好。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itwasstrictmanagement,allright.Yes,athomeoronthejob,Dadwasalwaystheefficiencyexpert.”可知，簽署圖表的目的是為了幫助我們有效地做事。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Icansaveforty-fourseconds,’hecomplained,‘butIwastedtwominutesthismorningputtingthisbandageonmythroat.’Itwasn'ttheinjuredthroatthatreallybotheredhim.Itwasthetwominutes.”可知，父親抱怨他沒能縮短他的剃須時(shí)間。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itwasstrictmanagement,allright.Yes,athomeoronthejob,Dadwasalwaystheefficiencyexpert.Hebuttonedhisvestfromthebottomup,insteadoffromthetopdown,becausethebottom-to-topprocesstookhimonlythreeseconds,whilethetop-to-bottomtookseven.”可知，作者以他父親的管理而自豪。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，選出正確答案。2．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Manypeoplehavelongdreamedofbeingabletoflyaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepast10years,developmentsintechnologyhavemovedthedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailablesoon.

TheBritishcompanyMalloyAeronauticshasdevelopedaprototype(原型)ofitsflyingbicycle.GrantStapleton,marketingsalesdirectorofMalloyAeronautics,saystheHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly."Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked,"headds.

Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthecompany'smainconcern.Hesaysthedesignerssolvedthesafetyissuebyusingoverlappingrotorstopowerthevehicle.

Thecompanyistestingafull-sizeprototypeoftheHoverbike,whichwillmostlikelybeusedfirstbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.

InNewZealand,MartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingdevice,calledtheJetpack.Itcanflyformorethan30minutes,upto1,000metershighandreachaspeedof74kilometersperhour.

PeterCokeristheCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.HesaidtheJetpack"isbuiltaroundsafetyfromthestart".Inhiswords,"Reliabilityisthemostimportantelementofit.Wehavesafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar.

TheJetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachutethatwouldbeused,ifthereshouldbeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitudeandactuallysavesboththeaircraftandthepilot,"headds.Mr.CokersaystheJetpackwillbereadyforsalesoon.（1）WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheHoverbike________.A.

canhardlygetinandoutofsmallspacesquicklyB.

canflyforover30minutes,upto1,000metershighC.

hasbeenusedbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteamsD.

canbetransportedquicklyafterbeingfoldedandpacked（2）PeterCokerusestheexampleofFormulaOneracingcartoshowthat________.A.

theJetpackisverysafeandreliableB.

theengineoftheJetpackispowerfulC.

theactualstructureoftheJetpackisuniqueD.

theJetpackcanreachagreatspeedandheight（3）Theunderlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphrefersto________.A.

thejetstream

B.

theengine

C.

theJetpack

D.

theparachute（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.

Todescribetheproblemsofinventingflyingvehicles.B.

Tointroducethelatestdevelopmentofflyingvehicles.C.

Toshowthedifferencesbetweentwoflyingvehicles.D.

Toadvertisethetwopersonalflyingvehicles.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述一種個(gè)人飛行工具很快就會應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)，然而安全性和強(qiáng)度一直是個(gè)大問題，文中介紹了兩家研發(fā)飛行器的公司的最新的產(chǎn)品，新產(chǎn)品把安全放在首位，并對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“theHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly.Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked.”可知，Hoverbike能夠很快地進(jìn)出小空間。它可快速地在大陸上移動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗梢哉郫B和包裝?？芍?，選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段PeterCoker說Jetpack從一開始就圍繞安全進(jìn)行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。我們在車的現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)中植入了安全性，非常類似于FormulaOne賽車。，故選A。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachute(降落傘)thatcanbeusedshouldtherebeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitude….,”Coker先生說Jetpack上也有降落傘，可以在緊急情況下使用?！霸诤０畏浅５偷那闆r下開始用它…”?？芍?，Jetpack上的降落傘（它）是在海拔低時(shí)才用。由此可知it指的是parachute(降落傘)。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段可知，許多人一直夢想能像騎自行車一樣簡單的飛來飛去，科技的發(fā)展讓這個(gè)夢想很快實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而飛行自行車的安全性和強(qiáng)度一直是個(gè)大問題。接著下面敘述了兩家研發(fā)飛行器的公司的最新的產(chǎn)品，新產(chǎn)品把安全放在首位。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?

Avoidingtemptation(誘惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.

Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.

Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.

Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.

Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.（1）Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.A.

peoplehaveunlimitedself-control

B.

highmotivationensuresone'ssuccessC.

willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted

D.

toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure（2）Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.

makeuseof

B.

runoutof

C.

build

D.

increase（3）Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.A.

toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.

toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.

toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.

toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control（4）Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.

"Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."

B.

"Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."C.

"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."

D.

"Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒有完全喪失。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的"Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出"tapinto"指利用，與makeuseof同義。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊不堪，但長期而言，它們會通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說明同一個(gè)道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)接一個(gè)的制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項(xiàng)"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Payingahigherpricethanusualforatickettoseeafilmin3Distheannoyanceofmanyacinema-goer'slife.

Buttheremaybeabenefittodoingso,asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrainandimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.

Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedamoviein3Dimprovedcognitive(認(rèn)知)skills,comparedtothosewhowatcheditin2D.

Theresearchwasledbyneuroscientist(神經(jīng)學(xué)家)DrPatrickFaganfromGoldsmithsUniversityinLondon.Morethan100peopletookpartintheexperiment,whereparticipantswatchedDisneyfilmBigHero6ineitherstandardformatorRealD3D.

Theyalsocarriedoutabrain-training-styletestbeforeandafterseeingasectionfromthefilm.Thetestcoveredmemory,reactiontimesandcognitivefunctionandtheresultswerecomparedlater.

Accordingtotheresearch,whichwascarriedoutinpartnershipwithsciencegroupThrillLaboratory,participantsexperienceda23percentincreaseincognitiveprocessing,aswellasan11percentincreaseinreactiontimes.

DrFagansaidthattheresultsshowedenoughofanimprovementinbrainfunctiontosuggestthat3Dcouldplayapartinimprovingbrainpowerinthefuture.

"Thesefindingsaremoresignificantthanyoumightthink,"hesaid."Itisafactthatpeoplearelivinglongerandthereisanoticeabledeclineincognitivebrainfunctioninoldagewhichcanworsenfuturequalityoflife.Therehasneverbeenabettertimetolookatwaystoimprovebrainfunction.Theinitialresultsofthisstudyshowthat3Dfilmsmaypotentiallyplayaroleinslowingthisdecline."

Asecondpartoftheexperimentinvolvedthosewatchingthefilmbeingfittedwithheadsetsthatscannedbrainactivityandthistooshowedheightened(加強(qiáng)的)activitywhenwatching3D.Accordingtotheresults,participantsweresevenpercentmoreengagedwithwhattheywerewatching,addingtoargumentthat3Dmoviesaremorelikewatchingreal-life—somethingProfessorBrendanWalkerfromThrillLaboratoryagreedwith.

"AsProfessorBrendanWalker'stestconcluded,3Dfilmsaremoreattractiveandheightenthesenses—this,inturn,makesthebrainrunatquickerspeeds,"DrFagansaid.（1）Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewatchingamoviein3D________.A.

haveagoodexercisefortheirbrain

B.

losetheirshortmemoryofitsplotsC.

arewillingtopayahighpricefortickets

D.

reactthesamewayasthosewatchingitin2D（2）Whatcanbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.

Watching2Dfilmslimitsbrainfunction.B.

3Dwouldbeacontributingfactorinimprovingbrainpower.C.

Thetestwascarriedoutafterthewholefilmwasviewed.D.

Theparticipantstookthebrain-training-styletestonce.（3）Paragraph8ismainlyabout________.A.

theapplicationof3D

B.

thedisadvantagesof2DfilmsC.

thechangeinbrainfunction

D.

thesignificanceofthestudy（4）Thetextismostlikelytoappearin________.A.

asportsnewspaper

B.

abiologytextbook

C.

asciencemagazine

D.

afilmreview【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文介紹3D電影對人的大腦的益處。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrainandimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.可知，看3D電影能鍛煉大腦。故選A。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Buttheremaybeabenefittodoingso,asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrainandimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.可知，3D電影是一個(gè)促進(jìn)大腦力量的因素。故選B。(3)段落大意題。根據(jù)第八段第一句Thesefindingsaremoresignificantthanyoumightthink（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)比你想象的更重要）可知，選D。(4)推理判斷題。3D電影是高科技產(chǎn)品，所以這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)雜志上，故選C。5．閱讀理解

Whocouldhaveimaginedthatatreadmill(跑步機(jī))onwheelswouldonedaybecomeathing?Lopifitisanunusualmeansoftransportationthatallowsyoutopoweranelectricbicyclebywalkingonatreadmill.

LopifitfounderBruinBergmeestersaysitallstartedwhenheaskedhimselfthequestion."HowcanIuseatreadmilloutdoors?"Heeventuallycameupwithadesign,towhichheaddedanelectricengine,andLopifitwasborn.Thetreadmillbicycleissimilartoatypicalelectricbicycleinthatthemotoronlyworkswhentheriderputspowerinaswell.TheLopifitsensesitwhenyouwalkonthetreadmillandusesthemotortoturnadrivechainatthebackpartofthetreadmill,helpingyoureachatopspeedof17milesperhour.

TousetheLopifit,simplyturnonthebatteryanduseyourfeettoslidethetreadmillbackwardsandactivate(激活)themotor.Thengetonandenjoytheride!Ifyouneedspeed,justwalkonthetreadmill,andifyouwanttocoast,allyouhavetodoisstaystillandadmiretheview.Tostop,youhavetwohandbrakesavailable.

TheLopifitfirsthitthestreetsin2014and,unsurprisingly,becameaninstanthit.Thatwasactuallyquitechallengingforthecompany,becauseitstartedgetinquiriesandcallsfororders,butitwasnowherenearreadyformassproduction.Theuniquetreadmillbicyclebecameavailablethisyear,andLopifitisstrugglingtokeepupwithdemand,despitethehighpricetagof$2,115.

Butdespitehavingaveryloyalfan-baseofso-calledLopifitters,thecreativemeansoftransportationalsohasnaysayerswhosimplyconsidertheinventionstupidandunnecessary.Theybasicallybelievethatifyou'regoingtowalk,youmightaswelldoittheold-fashionedway.ButtheLopifitdoeshavetheuniqueadvantageofhelpingyouwalkreallyfastwithoutbreakingasweat,orwalkingatcyclingspeed,ifyouwill.（1）WiththehelpofLopifit,youcan________.A.

cycletoworkbywalking

B.

offerpowertoanybicycleC.

createatreadmillonwheels

D.

answersomehardquestions（2）Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearn________.A.

howLopifitwascreated

B.

whereLopifitcanbeusedC.

whoLopifitisintendedfor

D.

whichdesignissuitableforLopifit（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthefourthparagraph?A.

Lopifitwascheapandavailablein2014.

B.

Lopifitalwaysbrokedownonthestreets.C.

ItwashardforthecompanytodesignLopifit.

D.

ThesupplyofLopifitfailedtomeetthedemand.（4）HowdothepublicreacttoLopifit?A.

Positively.

B.

Variously.

C.

Angrily.

D.

Cautiously.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了Bruin從跑步機(jī)上獲得靈感，發(fā)明了一款“走路自行車”，在這款自行車上不需要跑步，走路就行的自行車——Lopifit。Lopifit非常受歡迎，供不應(yīng)求。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段Lopifitisanunusualmeansoftransportationthatallowsyoutopoweranelectricbicyclebywalkingonatreadmill.可知，在Lopifit的幫助下，你可以走路去工作，選A。(2)推理判斷題。由第二段LopifitfounderBruinBergmeestersaysitallstartedwhenheaskedhimselfthequestion可知，這一段主要講了“走路自行車”是如何被發(fā)明的，選A。(3)推理判斷題。由第四段Theuniquetreadmillbicyclebecameavailablethisyear,andLopifitisstrugglingtokeepupwithdemand,despitethehighpricetagof$2,115.可知，從第四段，我們可以推斷出這款自行車供不應(yīng)求，選D。(4)推理判斷題。由最后一段Butdespitehavingaveryloyalfan-baseofso-calledLopifitters,thecreativemeansoftransportationalsohasnaysayerswhosimplyconsidertheinventionstupidandunnecessary.可知，這款自行車有許多忠實(shí)的粉絲，但是也有許多搖頭黨，所以可以推斷出人們對于這款自行車持各種各樣的態(tài)度，選B?！军c(diǎn)評】細(xì)節(jié)理解題：考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提問，或判斷正誤；后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。2.排列順序題→首尾定位法（找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，用排除法縮小范圍）常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。3.圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索：設(shè)題形式：給出圖表，根據(jù)圖表提問問題。4.數(shù)字計(jì)算題→（方法：審題→帶著問題找細(xì)節(jié)→對比、分析、計(jì)算）可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，但需經(jīng)過計(jì)算方可找到答案。6．閱讀理解

OnaFebruarydayduringanunusuallymildwinter,foundmyselfmissingthesnowybeauty.IenjoyedthefeelingthatcomesfromwatchingsnowfallgentlyfromheavenwhileI'mcosyinsidewithagoodfireburninginthestove.Butthereweremoreseriousconcerns,likethelackofrainfallmakingourwoodsmoreaccessibletosummerforestfires.Localskifieldsandhotels,alldependentonasnowyseason,feltsorryforthevacantlifts,emptyrestaurantsandunusedsnowmobiles.

ThenIhappenedtoseethreelittlerobins(知更鳥)flyintoouryard.Whatweretheydoinghere?Westofus,intheWillametteValley,wildflowersburstthistimeofyear.ButhereincentralOregon,evenifagroundhog(土撥鼠)hadwantedtoappear,itcouldn'thavebrokenthroughthefrozenearth.Andyet,theserobinshadarrived.

Theirpresencebroughtmeaflowofhappiness.ItfeltlikeacelebrationasIdugintomybagofbirdseedandspreadahandfulontheground.Aboveme,thedeepblueskywascloudless,perfectlyquietbutforsomesmokefromaneighbor'schimney.Thelivelycoldmadetheairfreshandclean.

Myrobinsjumpedlightlytowardtheseed.Mysouljumpedwiththem,feelingequallycarefree.Caughtupinthemomentofspringfever,Icheckedoursnowlessflowerbeds.Tomydelight,Ispottedagreenbranchstickingoutthroughthebrownsoil.

Despitethecold,Iwasn'treadytogobackinside.Justashortmeetingwiththoserobinshadrenewedmyspirit.ThenextdayIwouldreturntomyoutdoorworkwithacheerfulheartandahopefuleyeforthesesignsofspring.（1）Theauthormissedasnowywinterbecausesnowcould

.A.

preventforestfires

B.

boomhisbusinessC.

promiseanearlyspring

D.

bringhimagoodfeeling（2）Theauthorfelthappywhenfinding

.A.

theskywasdeepbluewithclouds

B.

threelittlerobinsflewintohisyardC.

wildflowersburstintheWillametteValley

D.

agroundhogappearedthroughthefrozenearth（3）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor

.A.

wouldenjoywildflowersthenextday

B.

thoughtwinterwasalreadyoverC.

longedforthecomingofspring

D.

lovedrobinsthemost【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，寒冷的冬天，作者在家里發(fā)現(xiàn)有三只小知更鳥飛到了他的庭院，他感覺很高興，于是他決定第二天外出，去尋找春天的足跡。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“OneaFebruarydayduringanunusuallymildwinter,Ifoundmyselfmissingthesnowybeauty.IenjoyedthefeelingthatcomesfromwatchingsnowfallgentlyfromheavenwhileI'mcosyinsidewithagoodfireburninginthestove.”可知作者想念下雪的冬天，是因?yàn)檠┛梢越o他帶來一種很好的感覺，故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theirpresencebroughtmeaflowofhappiness.”可知當(dāng)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)有三只小知更鳥飛到了他的庭院時(shí)，他感覺很高興，所以選B。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextdayIwouldreturntomyoutdoorworkwithacheerfulheartandahopefuleyeforthesesignsofspring.”可知作者第二天會欣賞野花，所以選A。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Wewantourchildrentosucceed,inschooland,perhapsevenmoreimportantly,inlife.Buttheparadox(悖論)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.Considerthefindingthatworld-classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow-levelfigureskaters.Atfirstsightthisseemscontradictory.Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost?

Thereasonisactuallyquitesimple.Topskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice,attemptingjumpsthatstretchtheirlimitations.Thisiswhytheyfalloversooften,butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofast.Lower-levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproach.Theyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydoveryeasily,remainingwithintheircomfortzone.Thisiswhytheydon'tfallover.Inasuperficialsense,theylooksuccessful,becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeet.Thetruth,however,isthatbyneverfailing,theyneverprogress.

Whatistrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife.JamesDysonworkedthrough5,126failedprototypes(原型)forhisdualcyclonevacuumbeforecoiningupwiththedesignthatmadehisfortune.Thesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearning.AsDysonputit:“Youcan'tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong.Failureisessentialtoinvention.”

Inhealthcare,however,thingsareverydifferent.Cliniciansdon'tliketoadmittofailure,partlybecausetheyhavehealthyegos(自我)(particularlytheseniordoctors)andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation(訴訟).Theconsequenceisthatinsteadoflearningfromfailure,healthcareoftencoversupfailure.Thedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakesarerepeated.AccordingtotheJournalofPatientSafety,400,000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror.Untilhealthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure,thingswillnotimprove.

Butletusreturntochildren.Oneofthemajormistakesineducationinthe1970swastheattempttoequipchildrenwithconfidencebygivingthemlotsofsuccesses（settingthebarverylow）.Theconsequencewasthattheegoofkidsbecameboundupwithsuccess,andtheybecameunabletotakerisksandcollapsedassoonastheyhitaproperchallenge.

Weneedtoflip(翻轉(zhuǎn))thisapproach.Inacomplexworld,failureisinevitable.Itisthoseindividualsandinstitutionsthathavetheflexibilitytofaceuptofailure,learnthelessonsandadaptwhicheventuallyexcel(突出).（1）Thequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphisto________.A.

openupadiscussiononthetopic

B.

analyzethereasonforsuccessC.

expresstheauthor'sopposition

D.

doubttheabilitiesofthetopskaters（2）Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?A.

B.

C.

D.

（3）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Howwecanavoidfailureinlife

B.

WhatweshouldlearnfromfailureC.

Whyfailureisthekeytoflyinghigh

D.

Wherewefurtherimproveourselves【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論證了“失敗是孩子成功的必須條件”這一觀點(diǎn)。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Buttheparadox（悖論）isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.”可知，文章的中心論點(diǎn)是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要學(xué)會失敗。后