Unit1FoodmattersGrammarandusage

?1.Asarealfoodie,Ienjoyallkindsoffoods.Mydreamistotrydifferentrestaurantsandtastevariousfoods.2.YesterdayIinvitedsomefriendstotryagreatnewrestaurantfordinner.3.Wearrivedattherestaurant,onlytoseeahugelineofpeoplewaitingtogetintotherestaurant.4.Nothingcanstopourdeterminationtohaveatry.Wedecidedtowaitoutside.5.Afteranhourofwaiting,wewereinvitedtogointotherestaurantandtaketheorder.6.Thedishesareextremelydelicious.Itisworthwhiletohavesuchalongwait.指出下面句子中不定式所做的成分。根據(jù)第1,6句，我們可以知道：1）To-infinitives可以做

，通常跟在

動詞之后。2）To-infinitives在句子中還可以做

，為了保持句子平衡，通常把To-infinitives放在句末，用

做形式主語。表語be主語it

ExploringtherulesBelowisablogentryabouteatingoutandeatingathome.Findthesentencesthatuseto-infinitivesassubjects.To-infinitivesassubjectsToeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity,...To-infinitivesaspredicatives...,myfirstthoughtatmealtimeswastoeatatarestaurant.Myplanistoinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekend......,itwasnotthatdifficulttomakeasimpleandtastydish.ExploringtherulesWorkingouttheruleWhentheto-infinitiveisusedasasubject,weusuallyusethepreparatorysubject(1)

atthebeginningofthesentence.Theto-infinitivecanalsobeusedasapredicative.Itusuallycomesaftertheverb(2)

.beExploringtherulesit1.動詞不定式具有名詞特征，可充當(dāng)主語。（做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式）Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。注：單個不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；兩個及以上不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但作為一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。到哪里去度假以及何時去度假還沒有決定。Wheretogoonaholidayandwhentogofortheholiday

(decide).到哪里去，何時去度假還沒有決定。Whereandwhentogoonaholiday____________________(decide).Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.

說是一回事，做又是另一回事。havenotbeendecidedhasnotbeendecided動詞不定式作主語2.動詞不定式做句子的主語時可以用形式主語it代替，將不定式置于句末，

平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis

a

shame

to

litter.亂扔垃圾可恥Itisaprivilegetomeetyou.認(rèn)識你很榮幸動詞不定式作主語

1.被邀請到你家做客真的是太榮幸了。Itisagreathonour

toyourfamily.tobeinvited

toprepareforItis+n.(apity,ashame,anhonour…)todosthIttakessbsometime/money…todosthit作為形式主語時，常見句型有：2.在家做飯準(zhǔn)備環(huán)節(jié)需要花很長時間。Ittakesalongtime

home-cookedmeals.

3.你為我們做了這么多美味的菜真的是太好了。Itisnice____you_______somanytastydishesforus.4.在當(dāng)今社會，我們學(xué)會做飯還是很有用的。Itisuseful_____us

.tolearnhowtocookforoftomakeItis+adj.+for/ofsbtodosthAttention!3.動詞不定式做句子的主語時,若其后面需要用動詞作表語時，則作表語的動詞也最好使用不定式形式，保持形式一致(todoistodo)Tosavemeistosaveyourself.救我也是救你自己。動詞不定式做句子的主語時,會有時態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化。Itis

a

great

honor

formetobeinvitedheretoday.今天我很榮幸被邀請到這里。Her

birthdaypartyistobeheldnextFriday.她的生日將于下周五舉行。動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone1.動詞不定式做表語直接用在系動詞之后，起解釋說明的作用，其主語通常是aim,ambition,dream,duty,goal,idea,intension,plan,purpose,task,way,wish等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。Her

wish

is

to

be

a

teacher.她的愿望是當(dāng)一名教師。2.動詞不定式做表語用在seem,appear,remain,prove,turnout

等之后：Severalproblemsremaintobesettled.有幾個問題有待解決。Thedutyofsoldiersistodefendtheircountry.軍人的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)祖國。動詞不定式作表語3.用于表達(dá)想法、約定、義務(wù)、命令、可能性、命運(yùn)等。如：We

are

to

meet

at

the

station

at

there.(表約定）Howarewetoconvincehim?（表可能性）YouaretocomewhenIcall.（表命令）Thequestionishowtocarryouttheplan.問題是如何實(shí)施這項計劃。4.“特殊疑問詞+不定式”也可以用作表語動詞不定式作表語注意：動詞不定式作表語時，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動的，但在意義上卻是被動的。She

is

to

blame.她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。Thehouseistorent.此房出租。5.當(dāng)All或what引導(dǎo)的主語從句中有實(shí)義動詞do（以及do的其他形式時，作表語的不定式通常要省略to,即“前有do,后無to”Allyou

should

do

nowisdevoteyourselftostudyinghard.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的事就是投入到刻苦的學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中。動詞不定式作表語

Practice?

然而，烹飪對于我來說還有點(diǎn)挑戰(zhàn)性。However,cookingseems

challengingforme.?

是否我能學(xué)會做幾個菜，以后見分曉。Itremains____________ifIcancookacoupleofdishes.tobetobeseenApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentences,usingto-infinitives.Answer1.ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.2.Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.3.Herdreamistoopenarestaurantsomeday.4.Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirst(inorder)tocookthemquickly.5.IconsidertheSoupoftheDaytobethebestoptiononthemenu.Completethe

articlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.LocatedtoturntositpaintedrangingtoinvitetobetoseeApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesImagineyourfriendhastakenyououttodinneratSkyBuffet.Writeathank-younotetoyourfriend,offeringtoreturnthefavourbyinvitinghimorhertoyourhomefordinnernextweekend.Remembertouseto-infinitives.Usetheexpressionsbelowtohelpyou.ExpressionsIamwritingto…Ihavealwayswantedto…Itwassokindofyouto…Iwouldlike/loveto…Itwaswonderfulto…Myplanisto…PresentingDearTom,IamwritingtothankyoufortakingmetoSkyBuffet.Itwassokindofyoutoinvitemeandbookatablebythewindow.Itwaswonderfultoseethecitysceneryandwatchthebeautifulsunset.IhavealwayswantedtogiveSkyBuffetatry,anditcertainlyliveduptomyexpectations!Doyouhaveanyarrangementsnextweekend?MyplanistoinviteyouovertomyhomefordinnernextSaturday.Theviewwon’tbeasgoodasatSkyBuffetbutIwouldliketocookyousomethingspecialtothankyou.Yours, MarySample1.Herhusbandandshearenowatworkonanewdictionary_______________(publish)nextyear.2.___________(finish)thisjobinonedayisimpossible.3.Franklyspeaking,Iwouldrather_______________(give)upthejobthan_______________(do)somethingillegal.4.

Thethiefwasseen_______________(break)intothehouse,andthepeoplecalledthepolice.5.Whilemanyyoungkidsarekeenonwatchingcartoons,littleJackprefer___________(collect)coins.Practice6.Thenextstepis___________(make)surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.7.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmade_______________(cry)byhislittlesister.8.TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewomanscientist_______________(award)theNobelPrize.9.Medicalteamsarereported_______________(send)toisolatedvillagestohelppeoplefightagainstthecoldsnapinEurope.10.Hewasthefirst_______________(arrive)attheendoftheline.Practice11.Itiscrucial_________(step)upinternationalcooperationtominimizetheCOVID-19pandemic’simpactoneconomicgrowth.12.Thebossforbidshisemployees_______________(use)mobilephonesduringworkinghours.13.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine___________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.14.______________(accept)asanOlympicevent,asportmustbeplayedinatleast75countriesonatleast4cont