Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．electA．themethodorinstrumentusedtoobtainaresultorachieveanend2．distinctB．toselect;choose3．meansC．conditionsoflifedifficulttoendure4．majorityD．easytoperceive;especiallyclearlyoutlined5．hardshipE．thegreaternumberorpartofsomething6．percentageF．national;especiallyinreferencetothegovernmentoftheUnitedStatesasdistinctfromthatofitsmemberunits7．boomG．a(chǎn)suddenhappeningthatbringsgoodfortune(asasuddenopportunitytomakemoney)8．federalH．proportionorrateperhundredparts答案：1～5BDAEC6～8HGFⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thecouplelivedapoorlifeandalmostnoonemadealifeliketheminthissituation.生活2．Infaceofthechallengeforthemoment,it'sthemostimportanttokeepupagoodstateofhealth.保持3．Withthepricesgoingup,themajorityofpeoplefindithardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget.維持生計4．Weexpressourthoughtsbymeansofwords.借助于5．Shangri-laisreallyabeauty,whichishometomanykindsofrarebirdsandanimals.是……的棲息地6．In1941,BritainandtheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronJapanandthePacificWarstarted.對……宣戰(zhàn)Ⅰ.Ifyouwanttolearnsomethingaboutacountry,astate,etc.,whatdoyouwanttoknow?答案：...e,location,capital,population,language,history,geography,customs,culture,climate,agriculture,industry,education,medicalcare...Ⅱ.Doyouknowthefollowingplaces?Andcanyoutellsomethingaboutthem?參考答案：Forover200years,theWhiteHousehasbeennotjustthehomeofthepresidentsandtheirfamily,butitalsothesymbolofthepresident,ofthepresident'sadministrationandoftheUnitedStates.TheStatueofLiberty,locatedinthewestofNewYorkCity,isanothersymboloftheUnitedStates.ItisanationalheritageoftheUnitedStatesandin1984,itwasincludedontheWorldHeritageList.Ⅰ.Fast-reading1．Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Part1(Para.1)A．ThehistoryofpeoplefromdifferentcountriesmovingtoCalifornia.Part2(Paras.2～9)B．ThefutureofCaliforniaPart3(Para.10)C．AbriefintroductiontoCalifornia.答案：Part1～3CAB2．Readthetextquicklyandfillintheblank.ThetextisaboutthebriefhistoryofCalifornia,whichfocusesonthesettlementofthestate.Ⅱ.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．HowdidthefirstsettlersarriveinCaliforniaaccordingtothepassage?A．It'sbelievedthattheycrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridge.B．It'sbelievedthattheyarrivedwiththehelpoftheEuropeans.C．lt'sbelievedthattheyarrivedtherebymeansofaship.D．NoonereallyknowshowthefirstsettlersarrivedinCalifornia.2．IndiansandPakistanisareattractedtoCaliforniamostlyby.A．thewell-developedfishingindustryB．thepromisingputerindustryC．therichnaturalresourcesD．thefamousfilmindustry3．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．ThehistoryofCalifornia.B．ThecultureofCalifornia.C．TheweatherofCalifornia.D．ThehistoryoftheUSA.4．WhichistherightorderoftheimmigrantsreachingCaliforniabetweenthe18thandthe20thcentury?a．theSpanishb．theDanishc．theItaliand．theRussiane．theChineseA．a(chǎn)－d－e－c－bB．e－d－b－c－aC．a(chǎn)－b－c－d－eD．d－e－a－c－b答案：1～4ABAAⅢ.Study-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]最早的一批人是在什么時候來到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的加利福尼亞州地區(qū)的，誰也說不清楚。2．AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]雖然中國移民在淘金熱時期就開始到來到(美國)，但是更大批量的中國移民卻是在19世紀60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。3．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.[句式分析]Itisbelievedthat...意為“據(jù)認為……”，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語，在這個主語從句中還有一個that引導的結果狀語從句。[嘗試翻譯]人們相信，用不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯的主要種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。[對應學生課下能力提升(一)]閱讀理解AWherecanyoufindthefirstsuccessfulairplane,oneoftheworld'sbiggestbugs(蟲子)andKermittheFrog?They'reallattheSmithsonianInstitution,Americans'storehouseofthecoolestthingsever,inWashington.,D．C.Morethan138millionobjectshavebeencollectedbytheir19museums,withmoreingineveryday.TheSmithsonianwasfoundedin1846andnamedafterJamesSmithson,anEnglishbusinessman.SmithsonnevervisitedAmerica,buthelefthisentirefortunetotheUnitedStatestobuildaninstitution“fortheincreaseofknowledge.”HerearejustafewoftheamazingthingsintheSmithsoniancollection.BigbugsTheSmithsonianhas35millionbugs.Thelargestinsectinthecollectionisabeetle(甲蟲)fromSouthAmericacalledthetitanbeetle.Titanbeetlescangrowtomorethan6incheslong.FlyingmachinesThefirstpoweredplanetofly,the1903WrightFlyer,isdisplayedintheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum.TheSmithsonianhasthefirstsupersonic(超音速的)airliner,theConcorde,whichcouldcrosstheAtlanticOceaninfewerthanfourhours.ThelongestbeardTheSmithsonianishometothelongestbeardeverrecorded.NorwegianimmigrantHansLangsethhadgrownhisfacialhairto18feet6inchesbythetimehediedin1927.TheSmithsonianhas17feet6inchesofitbecause,eventhoughLangseth'sfinalwishwastohavehisentirebeardpreserved,hisfamilydecideditwouldn'tberighttoburyhimclean-shaven.Timeandadmission：SmithsonianmuseumsareopeneverydayoftheyearexceptDecember25unlessotherwisenoted.Mostmuseumsareopendailyfrom10a．m.to5：30p．m.TheAmericanArtMuseumandPortraitGalleryareopen11：30a．m.to7p．m.AdmissionisfreeforallSmithsonianmuseumsandthezooinWashington,D．C.,andtheAmericanIndianMuseum'sGeorgeGustavHeyeCenterinNewYork.AfeeisrequiredattheCooper-Hewitt,NationalDesignMuseuminNewYork(Membersandchildrenunder12areadmittedfree)．語篇解讀：本文是應用文。文章介紹了美國史密森尼博物院的歷史、展品、游覽須知等。1．Accordingtothetext,theSmithsonianInstitution.A．wasfoundedinhonorofanAmericanB．hasallitsmuseumsinWashington,D．C.C．ismostfamousforitsfinecollectionofartD．wasfundedbymoneyfromJamesSmithson解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“namedafterJamesSmithson”和“helefthisentirefortunetotheUnitedStatestobuildaninstitution‘fortheincreaseofknowledge’”可知，史密森尼博物院建立的資金來自于JamesSmithson去世后留下的錢。2．TheSmithsonianfailedtogettheentirebeardofHansLangseth'sdueto.A．thewordsinhislastwillB．therejectionofhisfamilyC．thetraditionofNorwegiansD．thebadconditionofthebeard解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的“Langseth'sfinalwishwastohavehisentirebeardpreserved,hisfamilydecideditwouldn'tberighttoburyhimclean-shaven”可知，雖然Langseth希望把自己的胡子都保留下來，但他的家人還是希望他能留點胡子下葬。3．Whatdotheobjectsmentionedhaveinmon?A．TheywerefromSouthAfrica.B．Theyareinthesamemuseum.C．Theyarerecord-breakingitems.D．Theywerefromthe19thcentury.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的largest，first，longest等詞的描述可知，該博物館的這幾件藏品都堪稱世界之最。4．AllofSmithsonianmuseums.A．a(chǎn)reopenat10a．m.B．chargeanentrancefeeC．a(chǎn)reclosedonChristmasDayD．a(chǎn)skforyourmembershipcards解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“SmithsonianmuseumsareopeneverydayoftheyearexceptDecember25”可知，該博物館圣誕節(jié)閉館。BDoctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen,butbeingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather,Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(機組資源管理),orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid，“Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow！”ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM,andI'veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn'toverreact,whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenI'mintheoperatingroom,Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimesthey'renotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem,somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom“l(fā)andinggearup”．語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者介紹了自己做醫(yī)生和飛行員的體會，強調(diào)了傾聽別人建議的重要性。5．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdoctorsingeneral?A．Theylikeflyingbythemselves.B．Theyareunwillingtotakeadvice.C．Theypretendtobegoodpilots.D．TheyarequicklearnersofCRM.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句可知，醫(yī)生往往不喜歡聽取建議，因為他們了解情況。6．TheauthordeepenedhisunderstandingofthepowerofCRMwhen.A．hesavedtheplanebyspeakingupB．hewasinchargeofaflyingtaskC．hisbosslandedtheplanetoolateD．hisbossoperatedonapatient解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后兩句可知，作者大膽提醒飛行員(主治醫(yī)師)放下起落架，第一次感受到了大膽說出來的力量，且從此以后在手術室也這樣做。7．Theunderlinedwordsinthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A．followingflyingrequirementsB．over-reactingtodifferentopinionsC．listeningtowhatfellowdoctorssayD．makingamistakethatmaycostlives解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句意“但是我希望，如果我繼續(xù)鼓勵他們，有人會在某一天阻止我犯‘將起落架升起來’這樣嚴重的錯誤”可知，此處“l(fā)andinggearup”借指所犯的可能會以生命為代價的錯誤。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CRM：ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafeB．FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctorC．TheMakingofaGoodPilotD．APilot-TurnedDoctor解析：選B標題歸納題。作者將自己從飛行員職業(yè)經(jīng)歷中所獲取的經(jīng)驗運用到行醫(yī)生涯中，使自己善于傾聽別人的建議，從而使自己成為了一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生。故B項做標題最為恰當。CSincethefirstEarthDayin1970,Americanshavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit，”saysBruceAnderson,presidentofEarthDayUSA.Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany,manytimes，”saysGaylordNelson,theformergovernorfromWisconsin,whothoughtupthefirstEarthDay.AccordingtoUSgovernmentreports,emissions(排放)fromcarsandtruckshavedroppedfrom10.3milliontonsayearto5.5milliontons.ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Althoughseriousproblemsstillremainandneedtobedealtwith,theworldisasaferandhealthierplace.Akindof“greenthinking”hasbeepartofpractices.Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.Twenty-fiveyearsago,therewerehardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.Today,it'shardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.“Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange！”saysBruceAnderson.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了環(huán)保意識在美國從無到有，逐漸增強，環(huán)保教育勢在必行。9．AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout.A．thesocialmovementB．recyclingtechniquesC．environmentalproblemsD．theimportanceofEarthDay解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“‘Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit’”可知，1970年以前美國人對環(huán)境問題所知甚少。10．Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlyefrom?A．Thegrass-rootslevel.B．Thebusinesscircle.C．Governmentofficials.D．Universityprofessors.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“especiallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement”可知，數(shù)以百萬計的草根美國人才是支持環(huán)保的中流砥柱。11．WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?A．Theyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest.B．Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.C．TheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.D．Theyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段所列舉的那些數(shù)據(jù)可知，美國政府多管齊下，污染問題大為緩解。12．Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Education.B．Planning.C．Greenliving.D．COreduction.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容推斷，環(huán)保意識教育至關重要。另外，“educationprogramsforenvironment”是提示。

eq\a\vs4\al([課文對譯])CALIFORNIACaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.NATIVEAMERICANSExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.THESPANISHInthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromSpain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSA,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.RUSSIANSIntheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,begansettlinginCalifornia.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian-AmericanslivinginandaroundSanFrancisco.GOLDMINERSIn1848,notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwar,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbeingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.ThenadventurersfromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbeingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.LATERARRIVALSAlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.TheindustryboomattractedEuropeansincludingmanyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico.However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.MOSTRECENTARRIVALSInmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbeehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,theputerindust