麓山國際2026屆高三入學(xué)考試英語試卷高三年級英語試卷總分：150分時量：120分鐘第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.WhoisJonathanprobablytalkingto?A.Hisdoctor.B.Hiswife.C.Hisboss.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Theshirtmightbesmallforhim.B.Hereallylikestheshirt.C.Thereceiptgotmissing.3.Whatisthewomandoingnow?A.Eatinginacafé.B.Cookingherlunch.C.Studyingforanexam.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Inaschool.C.Inameetingroom.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheartexhibition?A.Ratherboring.B.Quitefantastic.C.Poorlyorganized.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsecretary.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestaddingtothepresentation?A.Morepictures.B.Morefigures.C.Morefacts.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirhobbies.B.Theholidayexperiences.C.Theteamworkspirit.9.Whatdidthewomangetaprizefor?A.Walking.B.Climbing.C.Sailing.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhendidDavidebacklastnight?A.At6:00pm.B.At7:00pm.C.At8:30pm.11.WhydidDavidgooutlastnight?A.Towatchamovie.B.Toreadinalibrary.C.Tohavesomediscussions.12.WhatdoesDavidadvisethewomantodo?A.Applyforajobintheclub.B.ContactLucyformoreinformation.C.Learnmoreabouttheneighborhood.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheaimofthecampaign?A.ToremindpeopleofEarthDay.B.Toencouragepeopletoreducegarbage.C.Towarnpeopleofthenegativeimpactsofpollution.14.Whatwillbethetaskonthesecondday?A.Growingtrees.B.Designingposters.C.Collectinggarbage.15.Whatdoesthemanexpecttheteacherstodo?A.Paintpaper.B.Stopdrivingcars.C.Decorateclassrooms16.HowdoesSarafindtheman’sideas?A.Strange.B.Funny.C.Superb.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wheredidthetourstart?A.FromGermany.B.FromAmsterdam.C.FromSwitzerland.18.Whatspecialattractiondoesthespeakerremend?A.Theartmuseums.B.TheEiffelTower.C.TheMontparnasseTower.19.Whydoesthespeakerlikeline63?A.Itoffersgoodviews.B.Itcoversmoreterritory.C.It’sthecheapesttravelmeans.20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesubwayinParis?A.Itoffersfairlycheapcoffee.B.Itchargesquiteaffordableprice.C.Itmakespeoplegetlosteasily.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C和D中選出最佳選項?！顰GrowingGreenThumbsChildren'smunityGarden2200BowlingGreenAve.,940/3492883p.m.N:Jointheweekendworkatthemunitygarden,wherecaregiversandmastergardenershelpkidsaged5orolderplantandwaternewvegetables,andharvestfromthegardens.Allharvestedfoodsareeithersoldatthemunity'sfarmers'marketordonatedtotheareafoodbank.Theinstructorsalsoleadgamesaboutnutrition,beetlesandbutterfliesandmore.WorkbeginsinMay,10a.m.5p.m.onSaturdays.COST:FreeCoppellmunityGarden255ParkwayBlvd,CLEARN:Kids(aged6butnotturning12beforeDec.31thisyear)withaparentcanvolunteerateithertheHelpingHandsGarden,25ParkwayBlvd.orGroundDeliveryGarden,45S.DentonTapRoad.Childrenwillhavetheopportunitytotill(耕）theground,plantvegetables,·harvestfromthegardenandmore.WorkbeginseverySaturdayatabout9a.m.COST:FreeCallie'sKidsbyCallowayNurseryDenton,940/5918865;FlowerMound,972/6912650..........LEARN:Kidsaged5to10yearsoldcanexploreandplantintheCallowaygardenswithacaregiver'ssupervisionat9:30a.m.onthefirstorthirdWednesdaysfromJunetoAugust.Agardenexpertwillsharetipsandadviceforthebestgardeningpracticesduringthe45minutesessionbeginningonJune2.Preregistrationonlineisrequired.COST:Free1.HowisChildren'smunityGardendifferentfromothers?A.ItisbasedinDenton.B.Kidsmaytakeharvestshome.C.Itisundersupervisionthroughouttheyear.D.Itwillcatertothosewhoarefondofinsects.2.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyCoppellmunityGarden?A.58. B.510. C.611. D.612.3.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Afoodindustrymittedtocharity.'BAninstitutionofferinglearningprograms.C.Asupermarketofferingvoluntaryprograms.D.Awebsitepromotingkids'gardeningfacilities.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了三個適合孩子們的園藝課程?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Children'smunityGarden中的“Theinstructorsalsoleadgamesaboutnutrition,beetlesandbutterfliesandmore.(教師還組織有關(guān)營養(yǎng)、甲蟲和蝴蝶等的游戲)”可知，這個活動適合喜歡昆蟲的那些孩子，不同于其他課程。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CoppellmunityGarden中的“Kids(aged6butnotturning12beforeDec.31thisyear)withaparentcanvolunteer(孩子（6歲——但在今年12月31日前不滿12歲）可以有父母陪同來做志愿者)”可知，這門課程要求孩子的年齡是六到十一歲。故選C?！?題詳解】推斷判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了給不同年齡層次的孩子提供的園藝課程。因此推斷文章來自提供學(xué)習(xí)計劃的機構(gòu)。故選B。BEverysooften,MargoJimenezsays,herhusbandwouldehomefromworkwithinjuries.“Oneday,hecamehomewithablackeye,hisglasseswerebroken,andhehadbitesonhisarm,”Margorecalled.“Isaid,‘Well,didyoureportit?’Hesaid,‘No.’Isaid,‘Whynot?’Hesaid,‘Margo,becauseithappensallthetime.’”FredJimenezworkedasaspecialeducationinstructionalassistantfortheNorthsideIndependentSchoolDistrictinSanAntonio.Hehelpedstudentswithdisabilitiesmeettheirlearningandphysicalneeds,andhisjobinvolvedeverythingfromdiaperchanges(換尿布)tohelpingstudentswithhandsoninstructiontomanagingviolentoutbursts.OnFeb.7,aviolentoutburstsenthimtothehospitalwhenahighschoolstudentwithacognitivepushedhim,causingafallthatledtoabrainbleed.Kreusel,ateacherwhoworkedwithFred,hastaughtmiddleschoolerswithcognitivedisabilitiesforthepast15years.Shesaidshelovesherstudents,anddoesn’tblamethemforhurtingher.Manyofthemhavetheirowntriggers,andKreuselsaysshedoesherbesttolearnthem.Butsheisn’talwaysabletoavoidanoutburst.“Thestudentmaybeaggressive,butitdoesn’tmeantheyaretargetingyoubecausetheyhateyou,”Kreuselsaid.“It’susuallysomethingthathashappened,andtheymightbenonverbal.Theycan’texpressit,andtheyjustblowup.”AccordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,moststudentswithdevelopmentaldisabilitiesaren’tanymoreaggressivethanotherstudents.Butforsome,theirdisabilitycanleadtofrustrationand,inturn,aggression.Thatcanmakeitharderforschooldistrictstohirespecialeducationstaff,atatimewhenschoolsacrossthecountryarestrugglingtofillthesepositions.Andarecentfederalsurveyfound,nationwide,specialeducationvacancies(空缺)arethemostdifficultforschoolstofill.Shethinkssheandhercolleagueswillcontinuetogethurtuntilthedistricthiresmoreinstructionalassistantsandpaysthemwellenoughthatthey’rewillingtostay.4.Howdoestheauthorstartthepassage?A.Bymakingupasadstory. B.Bypresentingaconversation.C.Bydescribingafamilyconflict. D.Byprovidingstatisticsaboutinjuries.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutFred'sjob?A.Itrequireslittlepatienceandskills.B.Itmayinvolveunexpectedrisksofinjury.C.Itdemandsasignificantamountofphysicallabor.D.Itaimstoimprovestudents’academicperformance.6.WhatkindofpersonisKreusel?A.Lovinganddevoted. B.Humorousandgentle.C.Ambitiousandsociable. D.Creativeandoutgoing.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphs?A.Aggressionisthemaincauseofworkplaceinjury.B.Specialeducationvacanciesaredecliningnationwide.C.Workplaceinjuriesinspecialeducationareaconcern.D.Specialstudentsaremoreaggressivethanotherstudents.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。報道了特殊教育工作者在工作中面臨的暴力和傷害問題?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everysooften,MargoJimenezsays,herhusbandwouldehomefromworkwithinjuries.“Oneday,hecamehomewithablackeye,hisglasseswerebroken,andhehadbitesonhisarm,”Margorecalled.“Isaid,‘Well,didyoureportit?’Hesaid,‘No.’Isaid,‘Whynot?’Hesaid,‘Margo,becauseithappensallthetime.’”(MargoJimenez說，她的丈夫經(jīng)常帶著傷下班回家。“有一天，他帶著黑眼圈回家，眼鏡碎了，手臂上有咬痕，”Margo回憶說?！拔艺f，‘好吧，你報告了嗎？’他說：‘不?！艺f：‘為什么不呢？’他說，‘Margo，因為這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生?！?”可知，作者通過展示一段對話開始這篇文章。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“FredJimenezworkedasaspecialeducationinstructionalassistantfortheNorthsideIndependentSchoolDistrictinSanAntonio.Hehelpedstudentswithdisabilitiesmeettheirlearningandphysicalneeds,andhisjobinvolvedeverythingfromdiaperchanges(換尿布)tohelpingstudentswithhandsoninstructiontomanagingviolentoutbursts.OnFeb.7,aviolentoutburstsenthimtothehospitalwhenahighschoolstudentwithacognitivepushedhim,causingafallthatledtoabrainbleed.(FredJimenez是圣安東尼奧北部獨立學(xué)區(qū)的一名特殊教育教學(xué)助理。他幫助殘疾學(xué)生滿足他們的學(xué)習(xí)和身體需求，他的工作涉及方方面面，從換尿布到幫助學(xué)生進行動手指導(dǎo)，再到控制暴力爆發(fā)。2月7日，一名患有認知障礙的高中生推了他一下，結(jié)果他摔倒，腦出血，導(dǎo)致他被送往醫(yī)院)”可知，F(xiàn)red的工作可能涉及意外的傷害風(fēng)險。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Kreusel,ateacherwhoworkedwithFred,hastaughtmiddleschoolerswithcognitivedisabilitiesforthepast15years.Shesaidshelovesherstudents,anddoesn’tblamethemforhurtingher.Manyofthemhavetheirowntriggers,andKreuselsaysshedoesherbesttolearnthem.Butsheisn’talwaysabletoavoidanoutburst.“Thestudentmaybeaggressive,butitdoesn’tmeantheyaretargetingyoubecausetheyhateyou,”Kreuselsaid.“It’susuallysomethingthathashappened,andtheymightbenonverbal.Theycan’texpressit,andtheyjustblowup.”(Kreusel是一位和Fred一起工作的老師，在過去的15年里，她一直在教授有認知障礙的中學(xué)生。她說她愛她的學(xué)生，不怪他們傷害她。他們中的許多人都有自己的觸發(fā)因素，Kreusel說她盡最大努力去了解他們。但她并不總是能夠避免爆發(fā)。Kreusel說：“學(xué)生可能很有攻擊性，但這并不意味著他們因為討厭你而針對你?！薄斑@通常是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，他們可能是非語言的。他們無法表達自己的情緒，就會大發(fā)雷霆?！?”可知，Kreusel愛她的學(xué)生并且堅持15年，所以Kreusel一個有愛心且專注的人。故選A項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AccordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,moststudentswithdevelopmentaldisabilitiesaren’tanymoreaggressivethanotherstudents.Butforsome,theirdisabilitycanleadtofrustrationand,inturn,aggression.Thatcanmakeitharderforschooldistrictstohirespecialeducationstaff,atatimewhenschoolsacrossthecountryarestrugglingtofillthesepositions.Andarecentfederalsurveyfound,nationwide,specialeducationvacancies(空缺)arethemostdifficultforschoolstofill.Shethinkssheandhercolleagueswillcontinuetogethurtuntilthedistricthiresmoreinstructionalassistantsandpaysthemwellenoughthatthey’rewillingtostay.(根據(jù)美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的數(shù)據(jù)，大多數(shù)有發(fā)育障礙的學(xué)生并不比其他學(xué)生更具攻擊性。但對一些人來說，他們的殘疾會導(dǎo)致沮喪，進而導(dǎo)致攻擊性。在全國各地的學(xué)校都在努力填補這些職位的時候，這可能會使學(xué)區(qū)更難雇用特殊教育人員。最近的一項聯(lián)邦調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在全國范圍內(nèi)，特殊教育職位的空缺是學(xué)校最難填補的。她認為，她和她的同事們將繼續(xù)受到傷害，直到學(xué)區(qū)雇傭更多的教學(xué)助理，并支付足夠高的工資，讓他們愿意留下來)”可知，特殊教育中的工傷是一個令人擔(dān)憂的問題。故選C項。CProperquestioninghasbeealostart.Thecuriousfouryearoldasksalotofquestions—incessantstreamsof“Why?”and“Whynot?”mightsoundfamiliar—butaswegrowolder,ourquestioningdecreases.Inarecentsurveyofmorethan200ofourclients,wefoundthatthosewithchildrenestimatedthat7080%oftheirkids’dialogueswithotherswereprisedofquestions.Butthosesameclientssaidthatonly1525%oftheirowninteractionsconsistedofquestions.Whythedropoff?Thinkbacktoyourtimegrowingupandinschool.Chancesarethatyoureceivedthemostrecognitionorrewardwhenyougotthecorrectanswers.Laterinlife,thatmotivatorcontinues.Atwork,weoftenrewardthosewhoanswerquestions,notthosewhoaskthem.Questioningconventionalwisdomcanevenleadtobeingdistanced,orconsideredathreat.Becauseexpectationsfordecisionmakinghavegonefrom“getitdonesoon”to“getitdonenow”to“itshouldhavebeendoneyesterday”,wetendtojumptoconclusionsinsteadofaskingmorequestions.Andtheunfortunatesideeffectofnotaskingenoughquestionsispoordecisionmaking.That’swhyit’svitalthatweslowdownandtakethetimetoaskmoreandbetterquestions.Atbest,we’llarriveatbetterconclusions.Atworst,we’llavoidalotofreworklateron.Asidefromnotspeakingupenough,manyprofessionalsdon’tthinkabouthowdifferenttypesofquestionscanleadtodifferentoutes.Weshouldleadaconversationbyaskingtherightkindsofquestions,basedontheproblemwe’retryingtosolve.Insomecases,we’llwanttoexpandourviewoftheproblemratherthankeepingitnarrowlyfocused.Inothers,wemaywanttochallengebasicassumptionsorconfirmourunderstandinginordertofeelmoreconfidentinourconclusions.Therefore,askingtherightkindsofquestionsiswhatcountsinachievingagoal.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incessant”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Simple. B.Random. C.Constant. D.Annoying.9.Whataccountsforthedeclineofquestioninginadulthood?A.Oneposesathreattothepanyiftheyaskquestions.B.Adultsdon’tgetasmanychancesastheydidinchildhood.C.Thosewhoquestionpopularbeliefsarethoughttobewise.D.Thoseaskingquestionsdon’talwaysgetpositivefeedback.10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Redoingisunavoidabledespitethoughtfulquestions.BDecisionsmadeinahurrymayturnouttobewrong.C.Betterquestionscansurelybringdesirableoutes.D.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtomakingconclusions.11.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Properquestionsthatshouldberaised. B.Importantgoalsthatwearetoachieve.C.Rightkindsofanswerstothequestions. D.Waystoexpandourviewoftheproblem.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了恰當(dāng)?shù)奶釂栆呀?jīng)成為一門失傳的藝術(shù)，分析了原因以及鼓勵人們恰當(dāng)?shù)奶釂枴！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Thecuriousfouryearold(好奇的四歲孩子以及)”“以及aswegrowolder,ourquestioningdecreases(但隨著年齡的增長，我們的提問會減少)”可知，這個好奇的四歲孩子問了很多問題——沒完沒了地問“為什么?”和“為什么不呢？所以劃線詞的意思是“持續(xù)不斷的”。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thinkbacktoyourtimegrowingupandinschool.Chancesareyoureceivedthemostrecognitionorrewardwhenyougotthecorrectanswers.Laterinlife,thatmotivatorcontinues.Atwork,weoftenrewardthosewhoanswerquestions,notthosewhoaskthem.(回想一下你在學(xué)校的成長過程。當(dāng)你得到正確答案時，你可能會得到最多的認可或獎勵。在以后的生活中，這種動力會繼續(xù)存在。在工作中，我們經(jīng)常獎勵那些回答問題的人，而不是那些提出問題的人)”可知，提問題的人不一定能得到積極的反饋是致了成年后提問的減少的原因。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Becauseexpectationsfordecisionmakinghavegonefrom“getitdonesoon”to“getitdonenow”to“itshouldhavebeendoneyesterday”,wetendtojumptoconclusionsinsteadofaskingmorequestions.Andtheunfortunatesideeffectofnotaskingenoughquestionsispoordecisionmaking.(因為對決策的期望已經(jīng)從“盡快完成”變成了“現(xiàn)在完成”，再變成了“昨天就應(yīng)該完成”，我們傾向于直接下結(jié)論，而不是問更多的問題。沒有問足夠多的問題的副作用是糟糕的決策)”可知，匆忙做出的決定可能會被證明是錯誤的。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therefore,askingtherightkindsofquestionsiswhatcountsinachievingagoal.(因此，問正確的問題是實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵)”可知，接下來要討論應(yīng)該提出適當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}。故選A。DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bioinspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.TheteamdescribedtheireskinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismultilayered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjecteswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝膠)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhumanmachineinteractionandthin,flexibleeskin.12.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD.thereasonfordevelopingasensor13.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitputesthepositionofthetarget.cThecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.caedb. B.cadeb.C.acedb. D.aecdb.14.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleEskinB.BioinspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.ESkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種仿生傳感器，靈感來自一種魚類，無需觸摸即可感知物體的位置?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，第一段主要介紹了一種魚類，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，受此啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家們開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，由此可知，第一段旨在介紹一個新發(fā)明的靈感。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theartificialsensorismultilayered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjecteswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.(人工傳感器是多層的。一層充當(dāng)發(fā)射器，一旦激活就會產(chǎn)生電場，另一層充當(dāng)接收器，檢測物體的方向和距離。一個單獨的控制器產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動信號來激活發(fā)射器。當(dāng)物體進入范圍內(nèi)時，傳感器周圍的電場會被擾亂，這反過來又可以被接收器檢測到。然后，微控制器單元處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，計算目標(biāo)物體的位置，并將該信息發(fā)送到智能手機或其他設(shè)備)”可知，工作過程是控制器發(fā)送激活信號，發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場，電場被接近的物體擾亂，接收器檢測電信號的變化，一個微控制器單元計算目標(biāo)的位置，結(jié)合選項可知，系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是“caedb”。故選A項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.(與需要大量傳感器來實現(xiàn)空間定位的傳統(tǒng)傳感器系統(tǒng)相比，新系統(tǒng)可以使用幾個傳感器在3D空間中精確定位物體。這大大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗)”可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)在實現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗，由此可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點是它在實現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高。故選C項。15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，文章主要介紹了受生物啟發(fā)開發(fā)的一種新型傳感器，該傳感器能夠通過電場感知物體而無需接觸，具備靈活、高效的特點。B選項“BioinspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouching(受生物啟發(fā)的傳感器“無需接觸即可感知”)”準確概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)★閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。Childrenloveplayingoutdoors,Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.“Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceaconstantfamilywarning,asparentswatchedtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.____16____.Accordingtotheexperts,parentsdon’thavetoconcerntoomuchaboutit.Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand____17____.Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces____18____Ithelpsrefreshthebrainandevenreducedepressionandanxiety,OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD(注意力缺陷多動癥)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20minutewalkinthepark.Beijingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.____19____Ithelpschildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract,whichhelpsthemgraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycanlearnhowtomunicatewithothersanddevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotesocialization.Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.____20____Theybelievethatnotonlydoesitmakechildrenemotionallyhappybutitalsohasapowerfuleffectontheirwellbeing.A.Formanythereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.B.Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.C.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation.D.Theymaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.E.Theyremendusingnatureasanaccessiblewayofinteractingwithothers.F.Itwasobviousthatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.G.Outdoorplaydoesbettertochildren’sphysicalgrowth,paredwithgettingmuddy.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了戶外游戲的好處?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.(他們很高興在農(nóng)民的田地里跑步或爬樹)”可知，孩子們淘氣了一天后，衣服都會弄臟，F(xiàn)項“很明顯，孩子們的白色衣服在一天結(jié)束之前就會變成棕色”符合題意，故選擇F項。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand(最近的研究表明，外界的污垢可以對一系列疾病產(chǎn)生抵抗力。某些天然材料，如泥漿，含有驚人的強大微生物群，其對兒童健康的積極影響我們才剛剛開始完全理解)”可知，本段主要說的是戶外游戲為孩子的健康帶來的好處，G項“與泥土相比，戶外玩耍對孩子的身體發(fā)育更好”符合題意，故選擇G項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.(我們的大腦在美麗的風(fēng)景中進化，我們感知世界的方式特別適合野外空間)”可知，這里說的是自然風(fēng)景對于大腦帶來的刺激，C項“這意味著自然風(fēng)景提供了完美的刺激水平?！狈项}意，故選擇C項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ithelpschildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract,whichhelpsthemgraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycanlearnhowtomunicatewithothersanddevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotesocialization.(它有助于兒童發(fā)展他們的感官和運動互動方式，幫助他們以不同的方式逐漸了解外部環(huán)境和事物的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系。如果孩子們與他人玩耍，他們可以學(xué)習(xí)如何與他人交流，并制定有效的策略來促進社會化)”可知本段主要說的是戶外游戲帶來的學(xué)習(xí)體驗，下文的it指代的是“Outdoorplaycab”，B項“戶外游戲車也提供了寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)體驗”符合題意，故選擇B項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.(如今，隨著電子游戲和社交媒體的吸引，與大自然的接觸比過去更加罕見。越來越多的家長開始認識到戶外游戲的重要性)”可知與其讓孩子接觸電子產(chǎn)品，家長更希望自己的孩子能去接近自然，D項“他們可能私下里希望自己的孩子能有機會撿一些泥土”符合題意，故選擇D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。IwasexcitedabouttheLondonOlympicsandwantedtobepartofit.Ididn’t____21____ifIwasoutsidethevenuesdancing.Searchingonline,Ithoughttheymightneed____22____.Figuringthere’dbethousandsofapplicantsfortherole,Ineverexpectedto____23____.Yetweekslater,Iwasinvitedtoatwoday____24____attheLondonSwimmingCentre.Itwas____25____—therewereknockoutstagesandyouonlygotonechance.Inthefirstround,theones____26____tomakeittothebottomofa5metredeeppoolwerecut.Followedwereskillexamsandtheorytests.WhenIfinallypassed,Ifelt____27____.Online,some____28____usashaving“theeasiestjobintheworld”,butOlympiansvaluedusandsometimeseven____29____us:IoncegotaTeamGBswimmingcap.Youcouldbeatopsurgeon,butifyoudon’tknowhowtopullsomebodyoutofthewater____30____,you’vedonethedamagebeforetheyevengettreatment.And____31____didhappen.Irememberhelpinganathletewhoswamheadfirstintothewallandgotinjured.Therearestarstruckmoments.However,youhavetobevery____32____whenyou’reinthechairasaworkingstaff.Youforgetallaboutthosestarathletesbecauseyou’resofocusedonmaking____33____inyourheadwhilecheckingeachathlete’smovementtoseeifanythingdoesn’tlookright.NoteverythingisshownonTV:Guardingpoolsisthestuffgoingon____34____.ButoursilentdevotionrepresentstheGames’truespiritwhereeveryrole,however____35____,matters.21.A.doubt B.care C.know D.admit22.A.lifeguards B.athletes C.firefighters D.coaches23.A.signup B.stepaway C.hearback D.showoff24.A.trial B.routine C.party D.practice25.A.valuable B.dangerous C.simple D.intense26.A.failing B.pretending C.desiring D.intending27.A.dishonesty B.misfortune C.disbelief D.misunderstanding28.A.dismissed B.trusted C.discovered D.admired29.A.ignored B.gifted C.blamed D.bothered30.A.gently B.slowly C.hurriedly D.correctly31.A.events B.wonders C.accidents D.changes32.A.professional B.annoying C.impressive D.painful33.A.adjustments B.decisions C.predictions D.assessments34.A.behindthescenes B.intime C.inpublic D.inthespotlight35.A.small B.difficult C.attractive D.unique【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28