云南開放大學城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語離線作業(yè)8答案1.Whatisthefullnameofthelightrailtransit?Answer:LightrailtransitisoftenreferredtoasLightRailRapidTransit.Itisaformofurbanrailtransitwithrelativelylowercapacityandcostcomparedtoheavyrailsystems.Itusuallyoperatesonadedicatedorsemidedicatedrightofway,usingelectricmultipleunits.2.Explaintheconceptoftheautomatictrainoperation(ATO)system.Answer:Theautomatictrainoperation(ATO)systemisanimportantpartoftheurbanrailtransitcontrolsystem.Itisresponsibleforautomaticallycontrollingthetrain'sacceleration,deceleration,andstationstopping.TheATOsystemreceivesinformationfromtheautomatictrainprotection(ATP)systemandthetraincontrolcenter.Itcanpreciselycontrolthetraintorunatanappropriatespeed,stopatthestationaccurately,andstartsmoothly,improvingtheoperationefficiencyandpassengercomfortofthetrain.3.Whatarethemainadvantagesofthemonorailsystem?Answer:Smallfootprint:Monorailtrackstakeuplessgroundspace,whichissuitableforareaswithlimitedlandresources,suchasnarrowstreetsormountainousregions.Goodclimbingability:Monorailtrainscanclimbsteeperslopescomparedtotraditionalrailsystems,allowingformoreflexiblerouteplanninginhillyareas.Lownoise:Therubbertiredormagneticlevitationmonorailsystemsgeneratelessnoiseduringoperation,whichisbeneficialforthesurroundingenvironmentandresidents.Highsafety:Themonorailhasauniquestructurethatreducestheriskofderailment,andtheautomaticcontrolsystemcanfurtherensurethesafetyoftrainoperation.4.Translatethefollowingsentence:"Thesubwaystationisequippedwithadvancedventilationandairconditioningsystemstoensureacomfortableenvironmentforpassengers."Answer:地鐵站配備了先進的通風和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，以確保為乘客提供舒適的環(huán)境。5.Whatisthefunctionoftheplatformscreendoorinthesubwaystation?Answer:Safety:Itpreventspassengersfromaccidentallyfallingontothetracks,reducingtheriskofaccidentscausedbypeopleorobjectsfallingontothetracks.Energysaving:Itseparatestheplatformareafromthetunnelarea,reducingtheexchangeofairbetweenthetwoareas.Thishelpstosaveenergyonairconditioninginthestation,especiallyinhotorcoldclimates.Noisereduction:Itcanblockthenoisegeneratedbythetraininthetunnel,creatingaquieterenvironmentontheplatformforpassengers.6.Namethreecommontypesofurbanrailtransitvehicles.Answer:Subwaytrains:Theyareusuallyusedinlargescaleurbanrailtransitsystems,withhighcapacityandcanoperateonunderground,elevated,orgroundleveltracks.Lightrailvehicles:Thesearemoreflexibleandsuitableformediumcapacitytransportation.Theycanrunondedicatedorsharedrightsofway.Monorailtrains:Asmentionedbefore,theyrunonasinglerail,eitherusingrubbertiredormagneticlevitationtechnology.7.Translatethephrase"traindispatchingcenter".Answer:列車調(diào)度中心8.Whatisthesignificanceofthesignalingsysteminurbanrailtransit?Answer:Thesignalingsystemisthe"nervecenter"ofurbanrailtransit.Itensuresthesafeandefficientoperationoftrains.Thesignalingsystemcancontrolthemovementoftrains,includingspeedregulation,trainspacingcontrol,androutesetting.Itprovidesrealtimeinformationaboutthetrain'spositionandstatustothetrainoperatorsandthecontrolcenter,preventingcollisionsandothersafetyaccidents.9.Explaintheterm"turnstile"inthecontextofurbanrailtransit.Answer:Aturnstileisadeviceinstalledattheentranceandexitofasubwayorotherurbanrailtransitstations.Itisusedtocontroltheflowofpassengers.Passengersneedtopassthroughtheturnstilebyswipingtheirticketsorusingothervalidpaymentmethods.Theturnstilewillthenopentoallowpassengerstoenterorleavethestation,helpingtomanagethenumberofpassengersandensureproperfarecollection.10.Whatarethemainfactorstoconsiderwhenplanninganewurbanrailtransitline?Answer:Populationdistribution:Thelineshouldpassthroughareaswithhighpopulationdensitytomeetthetravelneedsofalargenumberofpeople.Landuse:Itshouldbecoordinatedwiththecity'slanduseplanning,suchaspassingthroughcommercialcenters,residentialareas,andindustrialparks.Existingtransportationnetwork:Itshouldbeintegratedwithothertransportationmodes,suchasbuses,toprovideaseamlesstransferforpassengers.Costbenefitanalysis:Theconstructioncost,operationcost,andexpectedbenefits(suchasreducingtrafficcongestionandpromotingeconomicdevelopment)needtobecarefullyevaluated.11.Translatethesentence"Thetrainisrunningataspeedof80kilometersperhour."Answer:列車正以每小時80公里的速度行駛。12.Whatistheroleofthepowersupplysysteminurbanrailtransit?Answer:Thepowersupplysystemprovidesthenecessaryelectricalenergyfortheoperationoftrainsandotherequipmentintheurbanrailtransitsystem.Itsuppliespowertothetractionsystemofthetrain,allowingthetraintomove.Italsopowersthestationfacilities,suchaslighting,ventilation,andsignalingsystems,ensuringthenormaloperationoftheentiretransitsystem.13.Nametwomethodsoffarecollectioninurbanrailtransit.Answer:Ticketbasedsystem:Passengersbuysinglejourneytickets,multijourneytickets,orstoredvalueticketsatticketvendingmachinesorticketcounters.Theythenusetheseticketstopassthroughtheturnstiles.Contactlesssmartcardsystem:Passengersuseasmartcard,suchasatransportationcard,totaponthecardreaderattheentranceandexitofthestation.Thefareisautomaticallydeductedfromthecardbalance.14.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthemaglev(magneticlevitation)train?Answer:Highspeed:Maglevtrainscanreachveryhighspeedsbecausethereisnophysicalcontactbetweenthetrainandthetrack,reducingfriction.Smoothoperation:Withnowheelsandrails,thetrainrunsmoresmoothly,providingamorecomfortablerideforpassengers.Lownoiseandvibration:Thelackofmechanicalcontactresultsinlessnoiseandvibrationduringoperation.Highconstructioncost:Buildingamaglevtrackandrelatedinfrastructureisrelativelyexpensivecomparedtotraditionalrailsystems.15.Translatethephrase"railtrackmaintenance".Answer:軌道維護16.Howdoestheautomatictrainprotection(ATP)systemwork?Answer:TheATPsystemcontinuouslymonitorsthetrain'sposition,speed,andotherparameters.Itreceivesinformationfromthesignalingsystemandsensorsonthetrainandtrack.Ifthetrainexceedsthesafespeedlimitorapproachesanothertraintooclosely,theATPsystemwillautomaticallyapplythebrakestoensurethetrainoperateswithinasaferange.Itactsasasafetynettopreventtraincollisionsandotherdangeroussituations.17.Whatarethefunctionsofthepassengerinformationsystem(PIS)inthesubway?Answer:Trainarrivalinformation:Itprovidesrealtimeinformationaboutthearrivaltimeoftrainsatthestation,helpingpassengerstoplantheirwaitingtime.Routeguidance:Itshowsthetrain'sroute,transferinformation,andthenextstation,sothatpassengerscanknowwheretheyareandwheretheyaregoing.Emergencyinformation:Incaseofemergencies,suchasaccidentsorsystemfailures,thePIScanbroadcastemergencyinstructionsandsafetyinformationtopassengers.18.Namethemaincomponentsofthetrainbogie.Answer:Frame:Itisthemainstructuralpartofthebogie,whichsupportstheweightofthetrainbodyandothercomponents.Wheelsets:Thewheelsetsareresponsibleforthemovementofthetrainonthetrack.Suspensionsystem:Itabsorbsshocksandvibrationsduringthetrain'soperation,ensuringasmoothride.Brakingsystem:Itisusedtoslowdownorstopthetrain.19.Translatethesentence"Theurbanrailtransitsystemhasgreatlyimprovedthetrafficconditionsinthecity."Answer:城市軌道交通系統(tǒng)極大地改善了城市的交通狀況。20.Whatisthepurposeofthetrackgaugeinurbanrailtransit?Answer:Thetrackgaugeisthedistancebetweentheinnersidesofthetworailsonarailwaytrack.Inurbanrailtransit,astandardtrackgaugeisusedtoensurethecompatibilityoftrainswiththetrack.Itallowsdifferenttrainstorunonthesametrack,simplifiesthedesignandconstructionofthetrack,andpromotestheinterchangeabilityofrollingstock.21.Howcantheenvironmentalimpactofurbanrailtransitbereduced?Answer:Energyefficientdesign:Useenergysavingtechnologiesintrainsandstationfacilities,suchasregenerativebrakingsystemsontrains,whichcanconvertthekineticenergyofthetrainintoelectricalenergyduringbraking.Greenconstruction:Useenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsintheconstructionoftracks,stations,andotherinfrastructure.Noiseandpollutioncontrol:Adoptnoisereducingtechnologiesfortrainsandstations,andensureproperwastemanagementintheoperationprocess.22.Translatethephrase"trainmaintenanceworkshop".Answer:列車維修車間23.Whatistheroleofthetraincontrolcenterinurbanrailtransit?Answer:Thetraincontrolcenteristhecentralcommandpostoftheurbanrailtransitsystem.Itmonitorstheoperationstatusofalltrainsontheline,includingtheirpositions,speeds,andrunningdirections.Itcanissueinstructionstotrains,suchasadjustingtherunningschedule,andcoordinatetheoperationofdifferenttrainstoensuretheoverallefficiencyandsafetyofthetransitsystem.24.Nametwotypesoftrainbrakingsystems.Answer:Mechanicalbrakingsystem:Itusesmechanicalcomponents,suchasbrakeshoesordiscs,toapplyfrictiontothewheelstoslowdownorstopthetrain.Electromagneticbrakingsystem:Thissystemuseselectromagneticforcestogeneratebrakingtorque.Forexample,theregenerativebrakingsystemmentionedbeforeisatypeofelectromagneticbrakingthatalsorecoversenergy.25.Whataretheadvantagesofusingprecastconcretesegmentsinsubwaytunnelconstruction?Answer:Highquality:Precastconcretesegmentscanbemanufacturedinacontrolledfactoryenvironment,ensuringbetterqualitycontrolcomparedtoonsitecasting.Fastconstruction:Theycanbequicklyinstalledinthetunnel,reducingtheconstructiontimeofthetunnel.Goodwaterproofingperformance:Theprecastsegmentscanbedesignedwithgoodwaterproofingstructures,whichhelpstopreventwaterleakageinthetunnel.26.Translatethesentence"Passengersarerequiredtoqueueupandenterthetraininanorderlymanner."Answer:要求乘客排隊并有序上車。27.Howdoesthecommunicationsysteminurbanrailtransitsupporttheoperationofthesystem?Answer:Thecommunicationsystemprovidescommunicationchannelsfordifferentpartsoftheurbanrailtransitsystem.Itallowstrainoperatorstocommunicatewiththecontrolcenter,andenablesthecontrolcentertosendinstructionstotrains.Italsoprovidescommunicationformaintenancepersonnel,securitystaff,andotherrelevantparties.Inaddition,itsupportsthetransmissionofdata,suchastrainpositionandstatusinformation,toensurethecoordinatedoperationoftheentiresystem.28.Whatisthefunctionofthetractionsysteminatrain?Answer:Thetractionsystemisresponsibleforprovidingthepowertodrivethetrainforward.Itconvertselectricalenergy(usuallyfromthepowersupplysystem)intomechanicalenergytorotatethewheelsofthetrain.Thetractionsystemcancontrolthespeedandaccelerationofthetrainaccordingtotheinstructionsfromthecontrolsystem.29.Namethreetypesofstationsinurbanrailtransit.Answer:Terminalstation:Itistheendpointofarailtransitline.Trainsusuallyturnaroundorterminatetheirserviceattheterminalstation.Transferstation:Itisastationwherepassengerscantransferfromonelinetoanother.Itisdesignedtofacilitatetheconnectionbetweendifferentrailtransitlines.Intermediatestation:Thesearestationslocatedbetweentheterminalstations.Theyaremainlyusedforpassengerstogetonandoffthetrain.30.Translatethephrase"platformedgewarningsystem".Answer:站臺邊緣警示系統(tǒng)31.Whatarethesafetymeasuresforpassengersinurbanrailtransit?Answer:Safetyeducation:Providesafetyinformationandguidelinestopassengersthroughposters,announcements,andothermeans,suchashowtousethefacilitiessafelyandwhattodoincaseofemergencies.Safetyfacilities:Installsafetyfacilities,suchasplatformscreendoors,emergencyexits,andfirefightingequipmentinstationsandtrains.Monitoringandsupervision:Usesurveillancecamerastomonitorthesituationinstationsandtrains,andhavesecuritypersonnelonsitetomaintainorder.32.Howdoesthefareadjustmentmechanismworkinurbanrailtransit?Answer:Thefareadjustmentmechanismusuallytakesintoaccountseveralfactors.First,thecostofoperationandmaintenanceofthetransitsystemisconsidered.Ifthecostincreases,suchasduetorisingenergypricesorhigherlaborcosts,thefaremaybeadjustedupwards.Second,themarketdemandandpassengeraffordabilityarealsoimportant.Thegovernmentorthetransitoperatormayconductsurveysandstudiestoensurethatthefareadjustmentdoesnotcauseexcessiveburdenonpassengers.Inaddition,thedevelopmentgoalsoftheurbanrailtransitsystem,suchaspromotingridershiporachievingacertainlevelofrevenue,arealsoconsideredinthefareadjustmentprocess.33.Translatethesentence"Thedevelopmentofurbanrailtransithaspromotedtheeconomicgrowthofthesurroundingareas."Answer:城市軌道交通的發(fā)展促進了周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟增長。34.Whatistheroleofthetrackswitchinurbanrailtransit?Answer:Thetrackswitchisadevicethatallowstrainstochangefromonetracktoanother.Itisusedatjunctionsandintersectionsoftrackstodirectthetrain'smovement.Byoperatingthetrackswitch,thetraincanberoutedtodifferentdestinations,whichiscrucialfortheflexibilityandefficiencyoftheurbanrailtransitnetwork.35.Nametwomaterialsusedformakingtrainwheels.Answer:Steel:Steelisacommonlyusedmaterialfortrainwheelsbecauseofitshighstrength,goodwearresistance,andabilitytowithstandheavyloads.Alloysteel:Alloysteelisanimprovedformofsteel,whichmaycontainelementssuchaschromium,nickel,etc.Ithasbettermechanicalproperties,suchashigherhardnessandtoughness,comparedtoordinarysteel,andissuitableforhighspeedtrains.36.Whataretherequirementsfortheventilationsysteminasubwaystation?Answer:Airquality:Itshouldensureasufficientsupplyoffreshairtomaintaingoodairqualityinthestation.Thisincludesremovingpollutants,suchascarbondioxide,dust,andodors.Temperatureandhumiditycontrol:Theventilationsystemshouldbeabletoadjustthetemperatureandhumidityinthestationtoacomfortablerangeforpassengers.Emergencyventilation:Incaseofemergencies,suchasfires,theventilationsystemshouldbeabletoquicklyremovesmokeandprovideasafeenvironmentforevacuation.37.Translatethephrase"traindoorcontrolsystem".Answer:列車車門控制系統(tǒng)38.Howcanthecapacityofanurbanrailtransitlinebeincreased?Answer:Increasetrainfrequency:Runmoretrainsonthelinewithinagiventimeperiod,whichcantransportmorepassengers.Uselargercapacitytrains:Replacesmallercapacitytrainswithlargeronestoincreasethenumberofpassengersthatcanbecarriedpertrain.Optimizetheoperationschedule:Adjusttherunningtimeandintervalsoftrainstomakethemostefficientuseofthetrackcapacity.39.Whatisthefunctionofthecouplingdeviceonatrain?Answer:Thecouplingdeviceisusedtoconnectmultipletraincarstogether.Itensuresareliableconnectionbetweenthecars,allowingthemtomoveasasingleunit.Thecouplingdevicecantransmitthetractionforceandbrakingforcebetweenthecars,andalsoprovidesacertaindegreeofflexibilitytoadapttothemovementandturningofthetrainonthetrack.40.Namethreetypesofpowersupplymodesinurbanrailtransit.Answer:Overheadcatenarysystem:Inthismode,anoverheadwireisusedtosupplyelectricalenergytothetrainthroughapantographonthetrainroof.Thirdrailsystem:Athirdrailisinstalledbesideorbetweentherunningrails,andthetraincollectspowerfromthethirdrailthroughacollectorshoe.Batterypoweredsystem:Somemodernurbanrailvehiclesusebatteriestostoreelectricalenergy,whichcanreducethedependenceonexternalpowersupplyinfrastructureinsomecases.41.Translatethesentence"Theurbanrailtransitprojecthasreceivedstrongsupportfromthelocalgovernment."Answer:城市軌道交通項目得到了當?shù)卣拇罅χС帧?2.Whatarethesafetyregulationsfortraindriversinurbanrailtransit?Answer:Trainingandcertification:Traindriversmustreceiveprofessionaltrainingandobtainrelevantcertificatesbeforetheyareallowedtooperatethetrain.Preshiftinspection:Theyarerequiredtoconductapreshiftinspectionofthetrain,includingcheckingthebrakingsystem,tractionsystem,andotherimportantcomponents.Compliancewithoperatingrules:Driversmuststrictlyfollowtheoperatingrules,suchasspeedlimits,signalinstructions,andstationstoppingprocedures.43.Howdoesthefirepreventionsysteminasubwaystationwork?Answer:Thefirepreventionsysteminasubwaystationincludesseveralcomponents.First,therearefiredetectiondevices,suchassmokedetectorsandheatdetectors,whichcansensethepresenceoffireatanearlystage.Onceafireisdetected,thealarmsystemwillbeactivatedtonotifythestationstaffandpassengers.Theventilationsystemwillswitchtotheemergencyventilationmodetoremovesmoke.Firefightingequipment,suchasfirehydrantsandfireextinguishers,areinstalledinthestationforinitialfirefighting.Inaddition,therearefireresistantpartitionsanddoorstopreventthespreadoffireandsmoke.44.Whatisthesignificanceoftheintegrationofurbanrailtransitwithothertransportationmodes?Answer:Improvetravelconvenience:Itallowspassengerstotransfereasilybetweendifferenttransportationmodes,suchasfromasubwaytoabusorataxi.Thisprovidesamorecomprehensiveandseamlesstravelexperienceforpassengers.Reducetrafficcongestion:Bypromotingtheuseofpublictransportation,theintegrationcanreducethenumberofprivatecarsontheroad,therebyalleviatingtrafficcongestioninthecity.Optimizethetransportationnetwork:Ithelpstomakethebestuseoftheadvantagesofdifferenttransportationmodes,suchasthehighcapacityofurbanrailtransitandtheflexibilityofbuses,toformamoreefficienttransportationnetwork.45.Translatethephrase"trackinspectionvehicle".Answer:軌道檢查車46.Whatarethefactorsaffectingtherunningspeedofatraininurbanrailtransit?Answer:Trackconditions:Thequalityofthetrack,suchasthesmoothness,curvature,andgradient,canaffectthetrain'srunningspeed.Astraightandsmoothtrackallowsthetraintorunatahigherspeed.Trainperformance:The