Unit2新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第五冊(cè)第二課

Preview

Whatisthesignificanceofhumanlife?Thethreeessaysinthisunitmayofferyou

someanswers.PassageAprobesintotherightattitudestowardsalonglifespan,an

eternalpursuitbymortalbeingsforages.PassageBdwellsonhumangene

therapies,acontroversialissueonmedicalethicsintoday'ssociety.PassageCis

abouttheroleofyouthinsocietyandtheirinvolvementindecision-making.We

hopethethreeessaysmayhelpyouformarightattitudetowardslifeanda

thoroughunderstandingoflife'ssignificance.

?Pre-readingActivities

■DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文講解

■DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文生詞短語(yǔ)(words,Phrasesand

Expressions)

■DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文生詞講解(newwordsstudy)

■DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)講解(LanguagePoints)

■DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?背景知識(shí)(backgroundinfo)

■我們真的想長(zhǎng)壽嗎？

■DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文結(jié)構(gòu)分析(textstructureanalysis)

■ScientistsontheThresholdofAlteringOurDescendants課文講解

■ScientistsontheThresholdofAlteringOurDescendants課文生詞短語(yǔ)

(words,PhrasesandExpressions)

■ScientistsontheThresholdofAlteringOurDescendants課文生詞講解

(newwordsstudy)

■ScientistsontheThresholdofAlteringOurDescendants課文學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

講解(LanguagePoints)

■ScientistsontheThresholdofAlteringOurDescendants背景知識(shí)

(backgroundinfo)

■閱讀技能：SkimmingforSpecificFacts

■科學(xué)家即將改變我們的后代

■TheLeadersofTomorrow—andToday課文講解

■年輕人一一明天的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，也是今天的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者

FirstListening

Pleaselistentoashortpassagecarefullyandpreparetoanswersomequestions.

Schoolsareinherentlyconservativeinstitutions.Whatgoesoninclassroomshas

changedlittleoverthelastcentury.Butschoolscannolongeravoidchangeina

worldexperiencingmomentoustechnologicalrevolutions.

Themostimportanttechnologicaleventofourtimeistheriseofthecomputer.

Inthefuture,educationwillbeorganizedlargelyaroundcomputer-based

technology.Thistechnologyenablesindividualstoeducatethemselvesandadaptto

aconstantlychangingjobmarket.Inadditiontocomputertechnology,other

innovations—likemedical,geneticandbio-technology—willalsohaveimpactson

education.Theexplosionofknowledgedemands

revolutionineducation,thoughinsomerespectsa

conservativeapproachmaywellbecalledfor.

(Words：111)

SecondListening

Listentothetapeagain.Thenanswerthefollowing

questions.

1.Whyisthereaneedforarevolutionineducation?

2.Whatisthemostimportanttechnologicaleventofourtime?

3.Whatdoyouimagineauniversitywillbelikeinthefuture?

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文講解

?DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?

(DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?)裊Areyouhopingforalonglife?Thoughtso.

Areyoulookingforwardtogrowingold?Thoughtnot.Menhavewantedone

withouttheotherforthousandsofyears,andhaveinvariablybeendisappointed.裊

TheSpanishexplorerJuanPoncedeLeonwasmorefamousforhissearchforthe

FountainofYouththanfordiscoveringFloridain1513.心Heneverdidfindthe

springthatthenativeshadtoldhimof,andperishedfromapoisonedIndianarrow

afewyearslater.

裊ThelegendoftheFountainofYouthmayhaveoriginatedinnorthernIndia.It

hadreachedEuropebythe7thcentury,andwaswidelyknownthereintheMiddle

Ages.杰Onepainterpaintedafamouspictureofthefabulousspring,withwrinkled

oldwomengoinginatoneendandyoungbeautiescomingoutattheother.

Writershaveconstantlyimaginedworldswherepeoplelivedtoextraordinaryages

whileholdingontotheiryouthfullooksandvigorbyvariousmeans,mostlyfoul.裊

Intherealworldtoo,peoplearetemptedtotryallkindsofdisgustingthings,from

bathingintubsofwarmmudtoreceivinginjectionsofmonkeyglands,allinthe

hopeoffoilingthenegativeeffectsofageing.

裊Thoughtheprobabilityoflivingtooldagehasrisensharply,theindividualhuman

lifespansetbynaturehasremainedmuchthesamethroughmostofrecorded

history.裊Itwas—evenifmainlyintheory—70yearsatthetimetheBiblewas

written,anditisn'tmuchmorenow.裊Mostpeoplediedofonethingoranother

longbeforetheirmaximumspanwasup.

Thebigachievementofmoderntimesisthat,indevelopedcountriesatleast,

mostpeople知renowwellenoughofftoreachtheagetheyweredesignedfor.裊

Nolongerdotheydieinlargenumbersinthefirstyearoflife,orlaterfrom

infectiousdiseasesandmedicalproblemssuchasarupturedappendix,orsuffer

fromhunger,orworkthemselvestodeath.裊Barringaccidents,mostpeoplenow

goonuntiltheydieofoneofthediseasesthatafflict

theold,suchasheartdiseaseorcancer.

裊Thecurrentemphasisinageresearchisonfinding

waystoensurethattherisingnumberofpeoplewho

achievethemaximumlifespandosoinoptimum

health,notjustdieafterextrayearsofchronicillnessanddecay.裊Muchofthe

advicehandedoutissimplecommonsense:adheretoahealthylifestyle,eatand

drinkinmoderation,donotsmoke,takeregularexercisebutdon'toverdoit.裊

Theserulesareoftenignored,sometimeswithoutapparentilleffect.裊Inaspeech

athis70thbirthdaycelebration,MarkTwainoutlinedhisownsurvivalstrategy:

"Ihavemadeitaruletogotobedwhentherewasn'tanybodylefttositupwith;

andIhavemadeitaruletogetupwhenIhadto.裊Inthematterofdiet,Ihave

beenpersistentinnoteatingthethingsthatdidn'tagreewithme,untiloneorthe

otherofusgotthebestofit.Ihavemadeitarulenevertosmokemorethanone

cigaratatime.Asfordrinking,whenothersdrinkIliketohelp.Ihavenevertaken

anyexercise,exceptsleepingandresting,andIneverintendtotakeany.裊

ExerciseIdespise."

Helivedto75,袁In1910,thatwasmuchlongerthanmostAmericans.

裊Butevenforthosewhosticktotherules,allthatahealthylifestylecandois

toimprovetheirchancesofstayinginreasonableshapefortheirage;itwillnotslow

downtheageingprocess.^Anddespitealltheadvertising,noneofthosehighly

profitablepatentedremediessowidelymarketednowadayscanachievethiseither,

atleastnotfornow.裊Theonlyexperimentsonlaboratoryanimalsthathave

definitelyshownalife-lengtheningeffecthaveinvolvedsubjectingratsandmiceto

aseverelyrestricteddiet.裊Thefewercaloriestheyeat,shortofactualstarvation,

andthelongertheygoondoingso,thelongertheylive,壟iButtheypayaprice;

starvingratsreproduceless；andstarvingmicedon*treproduceatall.

differentapproachmightwork.Tosomeextentlonglife九isaninherited

trait.裊Experimentswiththatoldfriendofscience,thefruitflyzhaveshownthat

matingflieswithlonglifespanscanproducesignificantlylonger-lastingdescendants.

Butagain,thatwouldnotbemuchhelptohumans:wehavelonglife-cycles,sothe

resultsmightbecenturiesahead—裊evenwerewereadytochoosepotentially

long-livedmatesratherthanbeautifulorwealthyones.

裊What,though,ifinsteadofselectivebreedingforlonger-liveddescendants,we

weretomanipulateourgenes?裊Now,allsortsofgenetherapytreatmentsare

beginningtolookpromising.裊Theprocessofageingisacomplexmatterinwhich

manydifferentgenesappeartobeinvolved,butintimeitmaybecomepossibleto

usegenetherapytoslowdownageing,ifnoteliminateit.

diMeanwhile,havingindividualsaroundforhundredsoreventhousandsofyears

wouldnecessitatesomeradicalchanges.

Ifpeopleweretolivealotlonger,andeverythingelsestayedthesame,old

peoplewouldsoonendupasahugemajority.裊Scientistsreckontheplanetwill

havetroublehandlingjustthe8.9billionpeopleforecastfor2050undercurrent

conditions,notcountinganewgroupoftheextremelyold.裊Evenwerethere

shelterandfood,thesemultitudesofthesuper-oldwouldfaceagrimlife,unless

theycouldsurvivewithoutextramedicalcareandremainfitenoughtogoonandon

working,toavoidhavingtobemaintainedbyadiminishingminorityofyounger

people.

裊Itisdesirableforamantobeterminatedathispropertime.於Forasnaturehas

markedtheboundsofeverythingelse,soshehasmarkedtheboundsoflife.

Moreover,oldageisthefinalscene,asitwere,inlife'sdrama,fromwhichweought

toescapewhenwegrowwearyand,certainly,whenwehavehadourfill.

Words:1,011

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文生詞短語(yǔ)(words,Phrasesand

Expressions)

?DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?

NewWords

eternala.L永久的，永世的2.無(wú)休止的，沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的

invariablyad.不變地，恒定地；總是

perishVI.死去；消亡，毀滅

legendn.傳說(shuō)，傳說(shuō)的故事

originatevi.發(fā)源；產(chǎn)生，發(fā)起

fabulousa.1.寓言（或傳說(shuō)中）中的2.極好的，極妙的

vt.使起皺紋

wrinkle

n.皺紋

foula.邪惡的；道德敗壞的；殘酷的

temptvt.1.誘惑，引誘2.引起……興趣；吸引

tubn.浴盆，浴缸

glandn.腺

foilVt.挫?。灰种?/p>

probabilityn.1.可能性；或然性2.概率

infectiousa.傳染的，傳染性的

V.（使）破裂，（使）裂開(kāi)

rupture

n.破裂，裂開(kāi)

appendixn.(pl.—dixesor-dices)1.闌尾2.附錄

afflictvt.使苦惱，使痛苦，折磨

optimuma.最佳的，最優(yōu)的

chronica.1.（疾?。┞缘?.長(zhǎng)期患病的

adherevi.堅(jiān)持，遵守

persistenta.1.堅(jiān)持不懈的；執(zhí)意的2.持續(xù)的，持久的

despiseVt.鄙視；看不起；討厭

profitablea.有利可圖的；有益的

vt.取得……的專利權(quán)

patent

n.專利；專利權(quán)

calorien.（熱量單位）卡

traitn.特征，特性；品質(zhì)

descendantn.后裔，后代，子孫

manipulatevt.1.控制；影響2.操作；使用

promisinga.有希望的，有前途的

necessitateVt.需要；使成為必需

multituden.1.大批；眾多2.大眾，民眾

a.1.艱苦的；嚴(yán)酷的;無(wú)情的2.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，不屈

grim

的

diminishvt.減少，縮小

terminateVt.停止，結(jié)束；終止

wearya.1.疲倦的；厭倦的2.令人厭倦的

PhrasesandExpressions

lookforwardto期待，盼望

perishfrom死于，因……而死亡

originatein/from始自，來(lái)源于

holdonto堅(jiān)持；遵守

bewelloff富裕的，境遇好的

adhereto堅(jiān)持；遵守

slowdown減速；減緩

ProperNames

Spanish西班牙；西班牙人的

胡安?龐塞?德萊昂（1460-1521,西班牙探險(xiǎn)

JuanPoncedeLeon

家）

FountainofYouth青春泉

Florida佛羅里達(dá)

Indian印第安人的；印第安人

MiddleAges中世紀(jì)（公元500年左右至1500年左右）

MarkTwain馬克?吐溫（1835-1910,美國(guó)作家）

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文生詞講解(newwordsstudy)

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?

eternal

a.1.lastingforever;foreverexistent

永久的，永世的

Primitivemenfullybelievedinaneternallifeaftertheworld.

原始人完全相信人死后能夠永生。

Heisgonetoaneternalrestandwillneverreturn.

他去世了，再也回不來(lái)了。

2.unceasing;continuingwithoutinterruption

無(wú)休止的，沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的

Wearetiredofhereternalcomplaintsabouttheworkingconditionshere.

她無(wú)休止地抱怨這里的工作條件，我們煩透了。

Heworkedveryhardandtriedtosolvethoseeternalproblems.

他很努力地工作，試圖去解決那些沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的問(wèn)題。

invariably

ad.constantlyorunchangeably;always,withoutexception

不變地，恒定地；總是

Invariablysheforgetstotakeherkeystothecar.

她總是忘記帶汽車鑰匙。

It'sinvariablywetwhenmysistercomestovisitusinAugust.

我妹妹在八月份看我時(shí)，天總是下雨。

perish

vi.die;passawaycompletely

死去；消亡，毀滅

Hundredsofpeopleperishedintheearthquake.

在那次地震中死亡了上百人。

Theshipwaswrecked,andheperishedinthewater.

輪船失事了，他落水身亡。

legend

n.[C]astorycomingdownfromthepast

傳說(shuō)，傳說(shuō)的故事

TherearemanylegendsabouttheexploitsofRobinHood.

有許多關(guān)于羅賓漢的傳說(shuō)故事。

Thestoryof"sandwich"soundslikealegend.

“三明治”的故事聽(tīng)上去像是一個(gè)傳說(shuō)。

originate

vi.(in,from)comeintoexistence;arise;haveasanorigin

發(fā)源；產(chǎn)生，發(fā)起

Ibelievethatthequarreloriginatedinamisunderstanding.

我相信爭(zhēng)吵來(lái)自誤解。

Hisnewideaoriginatedfromwhatyousaidatyesterday'smeeting.

他的新主意源自你昨天會(huì)議上的發(fā)言。

fabulous

a.1.basedonafable

寓言(或傳說(shuō)中)中的

Inthestory,theyrefertothosedragonsandotherfabulouscreatures.

在這個(gè)故事中，他們指的是龍和傳說(shuō)中的其他動(dòng)物。

Althoughheisachild,hedoesn'tlikefabulousstories.

雖然他是一個(gè)小孩，但是他并不喜歡寓言故事。

2.extremelygoodorpleasant;excellent

極好的，極妙的

Lastnighttheywatchedafabulousperformancedowntown.

昨天他們?cè)谑兄行挠^看了一場(chǎng)非常好的演出。

Shelooksfabuloustoday.

今天她看上去氣色極好。

wrinkle

vt.makeasmallfold,creaseorridgeonasurface,orintheskin(usu.causedby

ageing)

使起皺紋

Hewrinkledhisbrow,confusedandworriedbythestrangeevents.

他皺起眉頭，被這些怪事弄得困惑不安。

n.[C]asmallridgeorfoldonasmoothsurfaceorintheskin

皺紋

Astimewentby,shebegantogetwrinklesaroundhereyes.

隨著時(shí)間的推移，她的眼角出現(xiàn)了皺紋。

Weuseanirontoremovethewrinklesfromthecottonshirts.

我們用熨斗燙平棉布襯衫上的皺紋。

foul

a.verybad;evil;cruel

邪惡的；道德敗壞的；殘酷的

Hedecidedtowintheelectionbyfairmeansorfoul.

他決定不擇手段地獲得選舉的勝利。

Murderisregardedasafoulcrime.

謀殺被認(rèn)為是種邪惡的罪行。

tempt

vt.1.induce

誘惑，引誘

Theyweretemptedbybribes.

他們受到賄賂的誘惑。

Ifyouleavevaluablesinyourcar,itwilltemptthieves.

把貴重物品放在汽車?yán)飼?huì)招引小偷。

2.causetobestronglyinclined;attract

引起……興趣；吸引

Thewarmweathertemptedhertogooutforawalk.

溫暖的天氣吸引她外出散步。

Hisambitiontemptedhimintopolitics.

他的雄心誘使他進(jìn)入政界。

tub

n.[C]abathtub

浴盆，浴缸

Heprefersatubtoashower.

他喜歡盆浴勝過(guò)淋浴。

Thebathingtubisofthelateststyle.

這是最新式的浴缸。

gland

n.[C]anyofvariousorgansbymeansofwhichcertainconstituentsareremoved

fromtheblood

腺

glandcell

腺細(xì)胞

foil

vt.preventthesuccessof;causetofail

挫??；抑制

Wefoiledhisattempttoturndowntheplan.

我們挫敗了他推翻這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的企圖。

Hisschemetoescapefromtheprisonwasfoiled.

他的越獄陰謀受挫了。

probability

n.1.[C,U]thequality,stateordegreeofbeingprobable;likelihoodorpossibility

可能性；或然性

Thereisaprobabilitythathewouldsucceedintheexperiment.

他有可能實(shí)驗(yàn)成功。

ThereislittleprobabilityofarrivingatShanghaibefore5intheafternoon.

下午5點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)上海幾乎是不可能的。

2.[C,U]ameasureoftherelativefrequencyofoccurrenceofanevent

概率

Youhavetocalculatetheprobabilityoffailure.

你必須計(jì)算一下失敗的概率。

Sophomoreshavelearnedtheprobabilityfunction.

二年級(jí)的學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)了概率函數(shù)。

infectious

a.liabletoproduceinfection

傳染的，傳染性的

Aninfectiousdiseaseisonethatcanbepassedfromonepersontoanother.

傳染性疾病是能夠在人們之間傳播的一種疾病。

Alongtimeago,peoplerealizedthatcholeraisaninfectiousdisease.

很早以前人們認(rèn)識(shí)到霍亂是一種傳染病。

rupture

v.(causeto)breakorburst

(使)破裂，(使)裂開(kāi)

Thepatientisindangerbecausehisbloodvesselisruptured.

病人因血管破裂而病危。

Asthetemperatureisbelowzero,thewaterpiperupturedwiththecold.

氣溫已降到零度以下，水管凍裂了。

n.[CzU](aninstanceof)breakingapartorbursting

破裂，裂開(kāi)

Thefriendshipbetweenthetwonationshasendedinarupture.

兩國(guó)之間的友誼破裂了。

Finally,thenegotiationcametoarupture.

談判最終破裂了。

appendix

n.(pl.—dixesor—dices)1.[C]abodilyoutgrowthfromtheintestine

闌尾

Hehadhisinflamedappendixexcised.

他把發(fā)炎的闌尾切除了。

Theappendixhasperforated.

闌尾已穿孔。

2.[C]asectionthatgivesextrainformationattheendofapieceofwriting

附錄

Youneedtoaddanappendixtothisbook.

你需要給這本書加一個(gè)附錄。

Thisbookhasanexplanatoryappendix.

這本書有一個(gè)解釋性的附錄。

afflict

vt.1.causetrouble,painordistressto

使苦惱，使痛苦，折磨

Hewasgrievouslyafflictedwiththethroatcancer.

他深受喉癌的折磨。

Afterthesetback,shewasafflictedinbothbodyandspirit.

挫折之后，她身心均受折磨。

optimum

a.perfect;best

最佳的，最優(yōu)的

Theoptimumspeedforalaunchdependsonboththetypeofgliderandthewind

strength.

起飛的最佳速度取決于滑翔器的類型和風(fēng)力。

Weprovidedtheoptimumconditionsforhealthygrowth.

我們提供了健康成長(zhǎng)的最佳條件。

chronic

a.1.(ofadisease)continual;lastingalongtime

(疾病)慢性的

Rheumatismisoftenachronicdisease.

關(guān)節(jié)炎常常是一種慢性疾病。

Hewastroubledbyachronicdiseasethroughouthislife.

他被慢性病折磨了一輩子。

2.sufferingfromadiseaseoveralongperiod

長(zhǎng)期患病的

Asachronicinvalidhehadtoretireearlier.

作為長(zhǎng)期病號(hào)他只得提早退休。

adhere

vi.(to)stickto;holdonto;follow

堅(jiān)持，遵守

Heresolutelyadheredtowhathehadsaidatthemeeting.

他毅然堅(jiān)持他在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話。

Everyoneshouldstrictlyadheretothisrule.

每個(gè)人都要嚴(yán)格遵守這個(gè)規(guī)定。

persistent

a.1.continuingtodosth.inadeterminedway

堅(jiān)持不懈的；執(zhí)意的

Withpersistenteffortsyoucanfinishtheworkontime.

通過(guò)堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，你能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

Hewassopersistentthatwehadnowaybuttolethimtryit.

他如此堅(jiān)持，我們只好讓他試一試。

2.continuingtoexist,happen,orappearforalongtime

持續(xù)的，持久的

Whenhereceivedpersistenttelephonecallsfromclientsabouttheproducts,hehad

totakeitseriously.

不斷地接到顧客關(guān)于產(chǎn)品的電話，他不得不認(rèn)真對(duì)待這件事。

Whataccountsforhispersistentfailures?

對(duì)他連續(xù)的失敗該如何解釋呢？

despise

vt.regardastastelessorworthless

鄙視；看不起；討厭

Thosewhodon*thavetheirownopinionsareoftendespised.

沒(méi)有自己見(jiàn)解的人常常讓人看不起。

Honestboysdespiseliesandliars.

誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子討厭謊話和說(shuō)謊的人。

profitable

a.money-making;rewarding

有利可圖的：有益的

Thepremieradmittedthatalthoughtheyhadsomedifferences,theirdialoguewas

generallyprofitable.

總理承認(rèn)雖然他們有一些分歧，但是他們的對(duì)話是有益的。

patent

vt.obtainapatentfor

取得……的專利權(quán)

Heintendedtopatenthisrecentsoftwareinvention.

他有意為最近發(fā)明的軟件申請(qǐng)專利。

Hetriedtogetitmarketedorpatentedbuthehadnosuccess.

他試圖將這一發(fā)明市場(chǎng)化或者獲得專利，但是沒(méi)有成功。

n.[C]anofficialdocumentthatgivessb.whohasinventedsth.theexclusiveright

tomakeorsellthatinventionforaparticularperiodoftime;therightgiveninsuch

adocument

專利；專利權(quán)

Hegotapatentforhisinventionin1920.

他于1920年獲得這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的專利權(quán)。

OverahundredpatentsaweekaregrantedbythePatentOffice.

專利局每周批準(zhǔn)100多項(xiàng)專利。

calorie

n.[C]aunitofenergyusedasameasurementoftheamountofenergywhichfood

provides

（熱量單位）卡

Onesliceofbreadhas90calories.

一片面包有90卡熱量。

Asinglemealcanprovideatleast300calories.

一頓飯可提供至少300、的熱量。

trait

n.[C]adistinguishingquality,feature,orcharacteristic

特征，特性；品質(zhì)

Thisartificialmaterialhasmanytraitsincommonwiththemetal.

這種人工材料具有許多金屬材料的特征。

Enthusiasmisaconspicuoustraitinhim.

熱情是他性格中的顯著特征。

descendant

n.[C]apersondescendedfromanancestor

后裔，后代，子孫

Heisadirectdescendantoftheauthorofthisbook.

他是這本書作者的直系后裔。

TheyarethedescendantsofSpanishsoldiers.

他們是西班牙軍人的后代。

manipulate

vt.1.controlorinfluence

控制；影響

Theyarenotinapositiontomanipulatethestockmarket.

他們沒(méi)有條件操縱股市。

Heknowshowtomanipulatethecompany.

他知道如何控制公司。

Thewealthylandownerwasaccusedofmanipulatingthelocalcouncil.

這個(gè)富有的地主被指控控制地方委員會(huì)。

2.operate;utilizeskillfully

操作；使用

Shewatchedhimmanipulatethehandlesefficientlytorunthemachine.

她看著他熟練地運(yùn)用手柄使機(jī)器轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

Itiseasytomanipulatetheknobsonthetaperecordertodorecording.

使用錄音機(jī)的旋鈕錄音是很容易的。

promising

a.showingsignsoflikelyfuturesuccess

有希望的，有前途的

Theybelievethatheisapromisingnewpainter.

他們確信他是一位有前途的新畫家。

Itwasapromisingstartinthisresearchproject.

這是本研究項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)良好開(kāi)端。

necessitate

vt.makenecessary

需要；使成為必需

Hisabsencenecessitatedsomequickadjustmentstostrategy.

他的缺席使得有必要對(duì)策略進(jìn)行一些快速調(diào)整。

Thenewpolicywouldnecessitatestartingalloveragain.

有了這一新政策，就得從頭干起。

multitude

n.1.[C]agreatnumber

大批；眾多

Hecollectedamultitudeoffactsaboutthebribery.

他收集了大量有關(guān)受賄的事實(shí)。

Amultitudeofproblemsarose.

大量的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)了。

2.(the~)ordinarypeople;themasses

大眾，民眾

Theastronauthassomespecialqualitieswhichmarkhimoutfromthemultitude.

這位宇航員具備一些令他超群出眾的特殊品質(zhì)。

grim

a.1.harsh;fierce

艱苦的；嚴(yán)酷的;無(wú)情的

Theyhadtoconsiderthegrimaftermathofwar.

他們必須考慮到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的嚴(yán)酷后果。

Hehastoacknowledgethegrimfact.

他不得不承認(rèn)這無(wú)情的事實(shí)。

2.stern;unyielding

堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，不屈的

Hehasagrimcourage.

他具有堅(jiān)忍不拔的勇氣。

Hewaspraisedforhisgrimspirit.

他因不屈的精神而受到表?yè)P(yáng)。

diminish

vt.makesmallerorless

減少，縮小

Theirchanceswouldbediminishingaseachhourgoesby,butwecan'tconfidently

saythereisnobodyaliveinthatbuilding.

隨著時(shí)間一時(shí)一刻地過(guò)去，他們活著的可能在減少，但是我們還不能肯定建筑內(nèi)沒(méi)有活著的人了。

Modernfarmingtechniqueshavediminishedthenumberandqualityofthewetlands

whichremain.

現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)已經(jīng)縮小了現(xiàn)存濕地的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。

terminate

vt.putanendto;endorstop

停止，結(jié)束；終止

WhenthisjobterminatedinAugust,hebecamethestateagentforpurchasinggrain.

這項(xiàng)工作在8月結(jié)束后，他成了國(guó)家收購(gòu)糧食的代理人。

AlltheUSoperationalrightsoverthecanalwillterminatebytheyear2010.

到2010年，美國(guó)對(duì)運(yùn)河所有的行使權(quán)將終止。

weary

a.1.tired;fatigued

疲倦的；厭倦的

Shefeltweakandwearywhenshesufferedfromthisdisease.

當(dāng)她患這種疾病時(shí)，她感到虛弱和疲倦。

Atsix,shereturned,wearyandexhausted.

六點(diǎn)鐘，她疲憊不堪地回來(lái)了。

2.whichmakesonetired

令人厭倦的

alongandwearyjourney

使人疲乏的長(zhǎng)途旅程

Programmesontelevisionhavedegeneratedintoweary,predictablerepetitionsof

eachother.

電視節(jié)目愈來(lái)愈糟，盡是些沉悶乏味一猜就中的相互抄襲之作。

lookforwardto

anticipate(usu.witheagerness)

期待，盼望

WelookforwardtomeetinghiminBeijing.

我們期待著在北京與他會(huì)面。

Shelooksforwardtothedinnerwithhim.

她期待著與他一起吃飯。

perishfrom

dieof

死于，因……而死亡

Thedoctordiagnosedthattheyperishedfromcholera.

醫(yī)生診斷他們死于霍亂。

Alargenumberofhissoldiersperishedfromhungerandthirst.

他的很多士兵死于饑渴。

originatein/from

arisefrom;comefrom;havesth./sb.asacauseorbeginning

始自，來(lái)源于

Theword"kimono"originatesfromJapanese.

”和服”這個(gè)字源于日語(yǔ)。

holdonto

maintain;keep;stickto;persistin

堅(jiān)持；遵守

Hestillheldontothetermsheputforwardatthelastmeeting.

他依然堅(jiān)持上次會(huì)議上提出的條件。

Bothpartiesshallholdontotheagreement.

雙方應(yīng)該遵守協(xié)議。

bewelloff

beinsatisfactoryorprosperousconditionorcircumstances

富裕的，境遇好的

Aftertenyears'hardwork,theymadethisregionwelloff.

經(jīng)過(guò)10年的努力，他們使該地區(qū)變得富裕了。

adhereto

holdonto;stickto

堅(jiān)持；遵守

adheretoone*spost

堅(jiān)守工作崗位

adheretothetruth

堅(jiān)持真理

slowdown

makeorgoslower

減速；減緩

Attheturn,youshouldslowdown.

在拐彎處，你應(yīng)該減速。

Duetothelackofenergy,theeconomyinthiscountrysloweddown.

由于能源短缺，該國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展放慢了。

Spanish

西班牙；西班牙人的

JuanPoncedeLeon

胡安?龐塞?德萊昂（1460—1521,西班牙探險(xiǎn)家）

FountainofYouth

青春泉

Florida

佛羅里達(dá)

Indian

印第安人的；印第安人

MiddleAges

中世紀(jì)(公元500年左右至1500年左右)

MarkTwain

馬克?吐溫(1835—1910,美國(guó)作家)

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?課文學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)講解(LanguagePoints)

?DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?

LanguagePoint1

Areyouhopingforalonglife?Thoughtso.Areyoulookingforwardtogrowingold?

Thoughtnot.Menhavewantedonewithouttheotherforthousandsofyears,and

haveinvariablybeendisappointed.(Para.1)

Meaning:Areyouhopingforalonglife?Youmusthavethoughtso.Areyou

expectingtogrowold?Theanswermustbeno.Forthousandsofyears,menhave

wantedalonglifewithouthavingtogrowold,buttheyhavealwaysbeen

disappointed.

invariably:a.constantly,changelessly,orunchangeably;withoutexception;always

Itisreportedthattheproductivityinthiscountryhasinvariablygrownforfiveyears.

據(jù)報(bào)道，該國(guó)的生產(chǎn)力在這五年里不斷增長(zhǎng)。

Theiraimsandmethodsareinvariablycheckedbynotonlytheprofessionalsbut

alsotheirparents,他們的目的和方法總是受到專業(yè)人員和他們的父母的檢查。

LanguagePoint2

TheSpanishexplorerJuanPoncedeLeonwasmorefamousforhissearchforthe

FountainofYouththanfordiscoveringFloridain1513.(Para.1)

Meaning:TheSpanishexplorerJuanPoncedeLeonwasmorewell-knownfortrying

tofindtheFountainofYouththanfordiscoveringthestateofFlorida.

LanguagePoint3

Heneverdidfindthespringthatthenativeshadtoldhimof,andperishedfroma

poisonedIndianarrowafewyearslater.(Para.1)

Meaning:HeneverfoundtheFountainofYouththatthenativestoldhimabout,and

afewyearslater,hewaskilledby/diedbecauseofanIndianarrowwithpoisoninit.

perish:v.die;passawaycompletely

Theidealofbeautyandmoralitycannotperishinahealthysociety.在一個(gè)健康的社

會(huì)中，美與德的理念不會(huì)消失。

Morethan5percentoftheseinfantsperishedinspiteofthenecessarycarethatwas

giventothem.盡管給予了這些嬰兒必要的護(hù)理，仍有超過(guò)5%的嬰兒死亡。

LanguagePoint4

ThelegendoftheFountainofYouthmayhaveoriginatedinnorthernIndia.(Para.2)

Meaning:ThestoryoftheFountainofYouthwhichhasbeenpasseddownmayhave

startedinnorthernIndia.

legend:n.atraditionalorpopularstorycomingdownfromthepast

ThisisonlyalocallegendabouttheKitchenGod.這只是當(dāng)?shù)仃P(guān)于''灶神〃的一個(gè)傳說(shuō)。

Hisexploitswerereallyalegendtomanypeople.他的業(yè)績(jī)對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)真是一個(gè)傳奇。

originatein/from:arisefrom;havesth./sb.asacauseorbeginning

Mostbackproblemsoriginateinthisarea,buttheycouldbeeasilyavoidedby

regularexercise.多數(shù)后背痛起始于這個(gè)部位，但是通過(guò)經(jīng)常性的鍛煉可以很容易地避免這種

背痛。

Manyofourfoodsoriginatefromtropicalforestspeciessuchasrice,fruit,maizeand

coffee.我們的許多食物，像水稻、水果、玉米和咖啡，都源于熱帶森林作物。

LanguagePoint5

Onepainterpaintedafamouspictureofthefabulousspring,withwrinkledold

womengoinginatoneendandyoungbeautiescomingoutattheother.(Para.2)

Meaning:Onepainterpaintedafamouspictureofthewonderfulfountain,showing

oldwome