安慶市2018高考英語閱讀理解一輪基礎(chǔ)優(yōu)題選（二）附答案A【廣西桂林市桂林中學(xué)2017屆高三8月月考】D“Heaven(天堂)iswherethepoliceareEnglish,thecooksareFrench,themechanicsareGerman,theloversareItalianandeverythingisorganizedbytheSwiss.Hell(地獄)iswherethepoliceareGerman,thecooksareEnglish,themechanicsareFrench,theloversareSwiss,andeverythingisorganizedbytheItalians.” Obviouslythenationalstereotypes(模式化的思想)inthisoldjokearegeneralizations(普遍化),butsuchstereotypesareoftensaidto“existforareason”.Isthereactuallyasliver(裂片)oftruthinthem?Notlikely,aninternationalresearchteamnowsays. “Nationalandculturalstereotypesdoplayanimportantroleinhowpeopleseethemselvesandothers,andbeingawarethatthesearenotdependableisausefulthing,”saidstudyauthorRobertMcCraeoftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Theseareinfactunfoundedstereotypes.Theydon’tefromlookingaroundyou,”McCraesaid. Ifnationalstereotypesaren’trootedinrealexperiences,thenwheredotheyefrom?Onepossibilityisthattheyreflectnationalvalues,whichmaybeeknownfromhistoricalevents.Forexample,manyhistorianshavearguedthatthespiritofAmericanindividualism(個人主義)hasitsoriginsintheexperiencesofthepioneersontheOldWest. SocialscientistssuchaspsychologistRichardRobinshavegivenseveralotherpossibleexplanationsforstereotypesandwhytheymaybeincorrect.Robinsnotesthatsomestereotypesmayhavebeencorrectatonepointinhistoryandthenremainedunchangedwhiletheculturechanged. Wemaybe“hardwired”,tosomedegree,tokeepincorrectstereotypes,sincewearelesslikelytonoticeandrememberinformationthatisdifferentfromourstereotypes.Generally,accordingtoRobins,whenwemeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromourstereotypes,weseethemasuniqueindividualsratherthantypicalnationalorculturalgroups.32.ThestereotypeaboutItaliansis______. A.romanticbutdisorganized B.friendlyandgoodtempered C.dreamyandimpractical D.strictbutthoughtful33.Nationalstereotypesarenotalwayscorrectbecause______. A.theyareformedbyindividualhistoriansB.whatwastrueinthepastmaynotbetrueatthepresent C.generalizationsaremadethroughpersonalexperience D.peopletendtohavefalseideaaboutothercultures34.AccordingtotheresearchteamledbyMcCrae,nationalstereotypesare______. A.interesting B.harmful C.humorous D.unreliable35.Theunderlinedword“hardwired”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans______. A.forgetful B.anxious C.fixed D.helpless【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.C33.B考查推理判斷理。根據(jù)第二段可知玩笑中的對于一個國家模式化的思想反應(yīng)是客觀事實，但這些存在都是有原因的，現(xiàn)在也是這樣的嗎，不一定，故選B項。34.D考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段提到Nationalandculturalstereotypesdoplayanimportantroleinhowpeopleseethemselvesandothers,andbeingawarethatthesearenotdependableisausefulthing這些模式化的觀念在人們?nèi)绾慰创@個國家的問題上起著重要的作用，但完全依靠這種判斷是不是可能的，故選D項。35.C考查詞意理解。根據(jù)最后一段提到Wemaybe“hardwired”,tosomedegree,tokeepincorrectstereotypes,sincewearelesslikelytonoticeandrememberinformationthatisdifferentfromourstereotypes在某種程度上，保持錯誤的模式化思想可能就是無法改變的，因為我們不可能注意到與我們模式化思想的不同，故選C項?？键c：文化類閱讀。B【2017高考選練題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項。Bendablewingscoveredwithoverlapping(重疊部分)pieceslookinglikefishscalescouldbeusedtobuildmorecontrollable,fuel-efficientaircraft,anewstudyfinds.Nowadays,conventionalaircrafttypicallyrelyonailerons(副翼)tohelpcontrolthewaytheplanestilt(傾斜)astheyfly.However,whentheWrightbrothersflewthefirstairplane,Flyer1,overacenturyago,theyusednoaileronsbutwiresthatpulledandstretchedthewood-and-canvaswings,tocontroltheplane.“Scientistshavelongsoughttodevelopaircraftthatcanchangetheirwingsduringflight,justasbirdscan.However,mostpreviousattemptshavefailedbecausetheyreliedonheavymechanicalcontrolstructureswithinthewings.Thesestructureswerealsoplexandunreliable，”saidNeilGershenfeld,aphysicistanddirectoroftheCentreforBitsandAtomsatMIT.Thenewwingconsistsofasystemoftiny,strongandlightweightmodules(組件).Theshapeofthewingcanbechangeduniformlyalongitslengthusingtwosmallmotors,whichapplyatwistingpressuretoeachwingtip.Thesewingsarecoveredin“skins”ofoverlappingstripsofflexiblemateriallikefishscales.Thesestripsmoveacrosseachotherasthewingschangethemselves,providingasmoothoutersurface,theresearchersexplained.Windtunneltestsofthesewingsshowedthattheyatleastmatchedtheaerodynamic(氣動)propertiesofconventionalwings,ataboutone-tenththeweight.“Initialtestsusingremotelypilotedaircraftmadewiththesewingshaveshowngreatpromise，”saidBenjaminJenett,agraduatestudentattheCentreforBitsandAtomsatMIT.Thenewmodularstructuresthescientistsdevelopedcouldbemanufacturedquicklyinmassquantitiesandtheninstalledbyteamsofsmallrobots.Thesemodularstructuresalsocanbedisassembledmoreeasily,makingrepairssimpler.“Still,thefirstaircraftbuiltusingthisstrategywillnotbeapassengerjet，”Gershenfeldsaid.“Instead,thetechnologywilllikelyfirstbetestedonunmannedaircrafts,leadingtoaircraftsflyingforalongtime,tohelpdeliverInternetaccessormedicinetoremotevillages.”1．WhyistheWrightbrothers'airplanementionedinthetext?A．Toshowthehistoryofaircrafts.B．Toshowthedevelopmentofwings.C．Toshowtheneedtoimproveplanes.D．Toshowthestructureofconventionalplanes.2．Whatmakesplanesflylikebirdswhentheytilt?A．Theirailerons.B．Wiresandpulleys.C．Changeablewings.D．Mechanicalcontrolstructures.3．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theshapeofthenewwings.B．Thepurposeoftheoverlappingstrips.C．Theworkingprincipleofthenewwings.D．Theresultofwind-tunneltestsofthesewings.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disassemble”meaninParagraph6?A．Replace.B．Analyze.C．Putaway.D．Takeapart.[文章大意]本文是一篇說明文，講述了一種可以改變形狀的機翼，能讓飛機像鳥一樣飛翔。1．B推理判斷題。文章講到了一種新型的機翼，還講到了一種傳統(tǒng)的機翼以及萊特兄弟的第一架飛機的機翼，這說明了機翼的發(fā)展變化過程。2．C細節(jié)理解題。第二段講到，傳統(tǒng)的飛機安裝了副翼以適應(yīng)飛機傾斜時的飛行。接著第三段講到科學(xué)家一直在研究能改變形狀讓飛機像鳥一樣飛行的機翼。可知，可改變形狀的機翼能讓飛機像鳥一樣飛行。3．C細節(jié)理解題。第四段講的是這種機翼的構(gòu)成、飛行時機翼的變化以及變化的原因。這就是這種新型的機翼的工作原理。4．D詞義猜測題。前文講到這種新的組合式的結(jié)構(gòu)很容易生產(chǎn)和安裝。據(jù)此可知，文章接下來講到，這種結(jié)構(gòu)也很容易拆解。故disassemble意為“拆解”。C【2016模擬題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。BIRDScanflythisissomethingthatwetakeforgranted.Buthaveyoueverthoughtabouthowtheydevelopedthisamazingability?Itmaybeimpossibleforustogobackintimeinpersontowitnesshowithappened，butscientistsfromYaleUniversity，US，studiedthefossilsofancientbirds.Thesefossilsarelikerecordedtapesofancienttimesthattookthescientistsback150millionyears.Backthen,therelivedakindofanimalknownastheArchaeopteryx.Itisconsideredtobetheearliestbirdbecauseithadfeathersandwingsthekeyfactorsforabirdtofly.Meanwhile,italsohadfeaturesofareptile，suchasteethinitsmouth,clawsonitswings，andalong，bonytail，whichmeanstheancestorsofbirdswereprobablyreptiles.Inordertoescapefromdangerousanimals,reptilesleapedfromtreetotree.Theygraduallygrewfeathersontheirarmssotheycouldleapalittlefarther,thenalittlefartherstill.However,theywerefarfrombeingtruefliersbecausetheirwingsandfeatherswerequitedifferentfromthoseofbirdstoday.Lookingcloselyatthefossils,scientistsfoundthatancientfeatherscontainedmanylayersoflongfeathers,likeapenguin's.Thismadethewingsratherheavyanddifficultforbirdstomoveupanddown.“Wedon'tthinkthesethingscouldtakeofffromtheground,"saidNicholasLongrich,ofYaleUniversity,leadauthorofthestudy.“Theycan’tflylikeamodernbird.”Thisiswhyscientistsconcludedthatearlyfeatherswereonlyusedbybirdstoglide(滑翔)fromhightrees,orkeepwarm,ormaybeascamouflage(偽裝),butnotflying,accordingtoNationalGeographic.Overthenextmillionsofyears,theevolutionoffeathersneverstopped.Birdsdevelopedwingsthatincludedalayeroflongfeatherscoveredwithshortfeathersontop.Thisstructureallowedbirdstoseparatetheirfeathersmoreeasilytocreatewiderspan(翼展）andtochangedirectionsinmidair.Theyhavealsogrownspecialwristbonessothattheycanspreadtheirwingswhenflyingandfoldthemintotheirsideswhenwalking."Thisnewresearchisthrowinglightnotjustonhowbirdscametofly,butmorespeciallyonhowfeatherscametobethewaytheyaretodayoneofthemostamazingandhighlyspecializedstructuresinnature,"saidJakobVinther,fromtheUniversityofBristolUK.32.Accordingtothearticle,scientistsconcludethatearlybirds__________。A.couldalreadyflyhigh B.onlyusedfeatherstokeepwarmC.couldonlyleapandglideD.couldeasilyopentheirwingswide33.Modernbirdsaredifferentfromtheirancestorsinthat________。A.theyhavelayersoflongfeathersB.theyhavespecialwristbonessothattheycanchangedirectionsinmidairC.theyhavealayeroflongfeatherstoppedwithalayerofshortfeathersD.theyhaveteethinthemouthandlongbonytails34.Whatiscriticalinfindingouthowfeatherscametobethewaytheyare?A.Fossilsofancientbirds.B.Tapesofoldtimes.C.paringfeaturesofreptilesandbirds.D.Studyingbonesandstructuresofmodernbirds.35.Thepassagemainlyaimsto_。A.explorehowbirdslooked150millionyearsago.B.explorehowmodernbirdsdevelopedfromancientreptiles.C.listallthefossilsofancientbirdsrecentlydiscovered.D.lookattheevolutionoffeathersthatenabledbirdstofly.參考答案3235CCADD(2017·石家莊模擬)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。ACaliforniamanwhowasfeelingsickalmostdiedrecentlyfromashockingcause.26-year-oldLuisOrtizwenttoahospitalbecauseofaheadacheandnausea(惡心).Whendoctorsexaminedhim,theywereshockedtofindatapewormlarva(絳蟲幼蟲)inhisbrain.Thestorygotstranger.Thelarvawasstillalive.Thecreaturehadcausedacyst(囊腫)insidehishead.Thecystwasrestrictingtheflowofliquidstodifferentareasofhisbrain.Thesituationwassoseriousthatdoctorssaidtheyhadtoperformanemergencyoperationtoremovethelarva.AdoctorwhooperatedonOrtiztoldhimhehadonly30minutestolive.Whenthedoctorpulledthewormoutofhishead,itwasstillmoving.LuisOrtizwasastudentatCaliforniaStateUniversityinSacramento.HebeganexperiencingheadachesinlateAugust.ButOrtizsaidhedidnotthinktheheadacheswereserious.InSeptember,hevisitedafriendandhisparentsinanothercity.Thatiswhenthepaingotworse.HismothersawOrtizthrowingupandtookhimtoahospitalemergencyroom.ThedoctorssavedOrtiz'slife.However,thesurgeryalsoaffectedhim.Ortizhadtodropoutofschoolandmovebackhome.Fornow,heisnotpermittedtoworkordriveavehicle.TheU．S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaystheU.S.hasabout1,000reportedcasesoftapewormseachyear.TheCDCaddsthattapewormsaremoremonindevelopingcountrieswithpoorpublichealthsystems.Thebestwaytoavoidatapeworminfection(感染)istowashfruitsandvegetables.Also,makesuremeatiscookedthoroughly.TheCDCsuggestscookingallmeattoaninternaltemperatureofatleast63degreesCelsius.語篇解讀本文介