2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解押題試卷：邏輯推理與長(zhǎng)尾詞匯解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheadventoftheinternetanddigitalmediahasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofinformationconsumptionandproduction.Whileofferingunprecedentedaccesstoknowledgeandaplatformfordemocraticexpression,ithasalsofosteredanenvironmentripewithmisinformationandtherapidspreadofradicalideologies.Thelinebetweeninformeddiscourseandnoisehasbecomeincreasinglyblurred,challengingindividualstodevelopsophisticatedfilteringmechanisms.Onesignificantconsequenceofthisdigitaldelugeisthephenomenonof"filterfailure,"wherethesheervolumeofinformationoverwhelmscognitivecapacity,leadingtosuperficialengagementandthereinforcementofexistingbiases.Academicsstudyingthecognitiveeffectsofdigitalmediahavenotedthattheconstantexposuretobite-sizedcontentandthefragmentednatureofonlineinformationconsumptioncandiminishdeepthinkingabilities.Thebrain,wiredtoseekefficiency,oftendefaultstoheuristicprocessing–relyingonmentalshortcuts–whenfacedwithinformationoverload.Thistendencycanresultintheacceptanceofpoorlysubstantiatedclaimsandthepolarizationofopinions,asindividualsgravitatetowardsechochambersthatvalidatetheirpre-existingbeliefs.Thepsychologicalconceptof"motivatedreasoning"furthercomplicatesthematter,suggestingthatpeopleareinherentlyinclinedtointerpretinformationinawaythatconfirmstheirownattitudesorhypotheses.Solutionstomitigatethenegativeimpactsofthedigitalinformationenvironmentarecomplexandmultifaceted.Promotingdigitalliteracyeducationiscrucial;individualsneedtobeequippednotonlywithtechnicalskillsbutalsowithcriticalthinkingabilitiestoevaluatesources,discernbias,andunderstandthenuancesofcomplexissues.Furthermore,platformdesignersandregulatorsfacethedauntingtaskofcreatingenvironmentsthatencouragethoughtfulengagementratherthanpassiveconsumption.Thismightinvolvealgorithmsthatprioritizecrediblecontent,toolstoidentifymisinformation,anddesignchoicesthatfosterdeeperinteractionwitharticlesanddiscussions.Theultimatechallenge,however,liesincultivatingacollectivemindsetshift.Inaneradefinedbyimmediacyandthepursuitofviralcontent,thevalueofnuancedunderstandingandpatientdeliberationoftentakesabackseat.Reclaimingthespaceformeaningfuldiscourserequiresaconsciouseffortfromconsumersandproducersaliketoprioritizeaccuracy,context,andevidence-basedreasoningoverfleetingtrendsandemotionalreactions.Onlythencanwehopetonavigatethedigitaloceanofinformationtowardsmoreinformedandconstructiveoutcomes.Questions:1.Whatistheprimaryconcernaddressedinthepassageregardingthedigitalinformationenvironment?2.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesthephenomenonof"filterfailure"relatetocognitiveoverload?3.Theauthorsuggeststhatplatformdesignersandregulatorsfaceacomplextask.Whataspectofthistaskishighlighted?4.Whatdoesthepassageimplyisnecessaryforfosteringmeaningfuldiscourseinthedigitalage?PassageTwoUrbanization,therelentlessexpansionofcities,hasbecomeadefiningcharacteristicofthe21stcentury.Whilecitiesareoftenseenashubsofeconomicopportunity,innovation,andculturalvibrancy,theirgrowthalsobringsahostofinterconnectedchallengesthatstrainnaturalresourcesandsocialstructures.Theconcentrationofpeopleinurbanareascreatesimmensepressureoninfrastructure,leadingtoissuessuchastrafficcongestion,inadequatehousing,andstrainedpublicservices.Moreover,theenvironmentalfootprintofcitiesissignificant,withhighenergyconsumption,pollutionemissions,andwastegenerationcontributingsubstantiallytoclimatechangeandlocalenvironmentaldegradation.Socioeconomically,urbanizationexacerbatesexistinginequalities.Thedigitaldivide,forinstance,isstarklyreflectedinurbansettings,whereaccesstotechnologyanddigitalliteracycanvarydramaticallybasedonsocioeconomicstatus.Thisdisparitylimitsopportunitiesforeducationandemploymentforunderservedpopulations,potentiallyleadingtofurthermarginalization.Similarly,therapidinfluxofpeopleintocitiesoftenoutpacesthedevelopmentofsocialsupportsystems,resultinginchallengesrelatedtocommunitycohesion,crimerates,andaccesstoessentialserviceslikehealthcareandeducationforallresidents.Addressingthesemultifacetedchallengesrequiresintegratedandsustainableurbanplanning.Simplyexpandingurbanboundarieswithoutconsideringlong-termimpactsisunsustainable.Instead,plannersmustfocusondevelopingsmartcitiesthatleveragetechnologytoimproveefficiencyandqualityoflife.Thisincludesinvestinginrenewableenergysources,promotingsustainabletransportationsystemslikepublictransitandcyclinginfrastructure,andimplementinggreenbuildingpractices.Equallyimportantistheneedtofosterinclusiveurbandevelopmentthatensuresequitableaccesstohousing,healthcare,education,andrecreationalspacesforallresidents,regardlessoftheirbackgroundoreconomicstatus.Thesuccessofsustainableurbanizationhingesnotonlyontechnologicalinnovationandplanningbutalsooncommunityparticipationandgovernance.Engagingcitizensintheplanningprocessandempoweringlocalcommunitiestoparticipateindecision-makingarecrucialforcreatingcitiesthataretrulyresponsivetotheneedsoftheirinhabitants.Furthermore,fosteringacultureofsustainabilityandenvironmentalawarenessamongurbanpopulationscandrivebehavioralchangesthatsupportmoresustainablelifestylesandconsumptionpatterns.Ultimately,buildingsustainablecitiesrequiresaholisticapproachthatbalanceseconomicdevelopmentwithenvironmentalprotectionandsocialequity.Questions:5.Thepassageidentifiesseveralenvironmentalimpactsofurbanization.Whichofthefollowingisspecificallymentionedasaconsequence?6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewaythedigitaldivideexacerbatesinequalitieswithinurbanareas?7.Whataspectofsustainableurbanplanningishighlightedascrucial,beyondjusttechnologicalsolutions?8.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeyfactorinthesuccessofsustainableurbandevelopment?PassageThreeTheconceptof"glocalization,"aportmanteauof"globalization"and"localization,"referstotheadaptationofglobalproducts,services,ormessagestosuitlocalcultures,tastes,andpreferences.Whileglobalizationhasundoubtedlyledtothehomogenizationofcertainaspectsofcultureandconsumptionacrosstheworld,glocalizationrepresentsacounter-trend,emphasizingtheimportanceoflocalcontextandidentityintheglobalizedera.Thisphenomenonisparticularlyevidentinthefoodindustry,whereinternationalchainsoftenmodifytheirmenustocatertolocalpalates,orintherealmoffashion,whereglobaltrendsareinterpretedthroughalocallens.Theriseofglocalizationcanbeattributedtoseveralfactors.Firstly,theincreasinginterconnectednessoftheworld,facilitatedbyadvancementsintransportationandcommunication,hasmadeiteasierforglobalbrandstoenterlocalmarkets.Secondly,consumersarebecomingmorediscerningandareincreasinglyseekingproductsthatreflecttheiruniqueculturalidentitiesandvalues.Thisdemandforauthenticityanddifferentiationencouragescompaniestomovebeyondaone-size-fits-allapproach.Thirdly,culturalsensitivityhasgrown,withbusinessesrecognizingthatasuperficialunderstandingorimpositionofforeignproductsorideascanbemetwithresistance.Glocalizationoffersseveralbenefitsforbothbusinessesandconsumers.Forcompanies,adaptingtolocalmarketscanenhancebrandloyalty,increasemarketshare,andimprovecustomersatisfaction.Bydemonstratinganunderstandingofandrespectforlocalculture,brandscanbuildstrongerrelationshipswithconsumers.Forconsumers,glocalizationmeansaccesstofamiliarglobalbrandsthatarepresentedinawaythatfeelsrelevantandappealing.Itallowsforablendofthefamiliarandthenovel,offeringdiversechoiceswhilestillacknowledginglocaltastesandtraditions.However,criticsarguethatglocalizationcansometimesleadtoculturaldilution,wherelocalidentitiesareovershadowedbydominantglobalinfluences,orresultinthecreationofsuperficialadaptationsthatfailtoauthenticallyreflectlocalculture.Thefutureofglocalizationappearspromising,asthetensionbetweenglobalizationandlocalizationcontinuestodefinetheeconomicandculturallandscape.Businessesthatsuccessfullynavigatethisbalance,developingproductsandstrategiesthatarebothgloballycompetitiveandlocallyresonant,arelikelytothrive.Thekeyliesingenuineculturalunderstandingandcollaboration,ratherthanmerecommercialexploitationoflocalidentities.Astheworldbecomesincreasinglyinterconnectedyetdiverse,theabilitytoeffectivelyglocalizewillbeacrucialskillforcompaniesoperatinginacomplexglobalmarketplace.Questions:9.Whatdoesthepassageprimarilydiscuss?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonereasonwhycompaniesadoptglocalizationstrategies?11.Thepassagementionsbenefitsforbothbusinessesandconsumers.Whichofthefollowingiscitedasabenefitforbusinesses?12.Whatisapotentialcriticismofglocalizationmentionedinthepassage?PassageFourTheroleofartificialintelligence(AI)inthecreativeindustriesisasubjectofgrowingdebateandfascination.WhilesomeviewAIasaninnovativetoolthatcanaugmenthumancreativityandefficiency,othersexpressconcernsaboutitspotentialtosupplanthumanartistsandunderminetheoriginalityandauthenticityofcreativeworks.Therapidadvancementsinmachinelearningalgorithms,particularlythosecapableofgeneratingtext,images,andmusic,havebroughtthesequestionsintosharpfocus,challengingtraditionalnotionsofcreativity,authorship,andintellectualproperty.ProponentsofAIincreativityarguethatitcanserveasapowerfulassistant,capableofgeneratingideas,exploringpossibilities,andautomatingrepetitivetasks,therebyfreeinguphumancreatorstofocusonhigher-levelconceptualwork.Forinstance,AItoolscanassistindesigningarchitecturalmodels,composingmusicalpieces,orgeneratingmarketingcopy,offeringnewavenuesforinnovation.Furthermore,AIcananalyzevastamountsofdatatoidentifytrendsandconsumerpreferences,providingvaluableinsightsthatcaninformcreativedecision-making.Inthisview,AIisnotareplacementforhumancreativitybutacollaboratorthatcanenhanceandexpanditsreach.However,thepotentialforAItoreplicateorevensurpasshumancreativeoutputraisessignificantethicalandpracticalquestions.ConcernsexistthatAI-generatedcontent,particularlyinfieldslikewritingandmusic,couldleadtoahomogenizationofstylesandadiminishmentofhumanuniqueness.Issuessurroundingauthorshipandownershiparealsocomplex,asdeterminingwhoownstheintellectualpropertyrightstoanAI-generatedwork–thecreator,theprogrammer,ortheAIitself–remainslargelyunresolved.TherearealsoconcernsaboutthepotentialformisuseofAIincreatingdeepfakesorotherformsofdeceptivecontentthatcouldharmindividualsormanipulatepublicopinion.TheongoingintegrationofAIintothecreativeindustriesnecessitatesareevaluationofthevalueofhumancreativity.RatherthanviewingAIasathreat,thefocusshouldbeonharnessingitspotentialwhileupholdingtheprinciplesofhumanauthorshipandoriginality.ThismightinvolvedevelopingethicalframeworksandguidelinesfortheuseofAIincreativity,exploringnewformsofcollaborativehuman-AIcreativity,andeducatingfuturegenerationstoworkeffectivelyalongsidethesetechnologies.ThefutureofcreativityintheageofAIwilllikelydependonourabilitytonavigatethesecomplexchallengesandfindabalancethatallowshumanartisticexpressiontoflourishalongsidetechnologicalinnovation.Questions:13.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?14.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,inwhatwaycanAIbebeneficialforhumancreators?15.ThepassageidentifiesseveralconcernsrelatedtoAIincreativity.Whichofthefollowingisspecificallymentioned?16.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestiscrucialfornavigatingthechallengespresentedbyAIinthecreativeindustries?試卷答案1.D2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B7.D8.A9.A10.B11.D12.C13.A14.C15.D16.B解析1.根據(jù)文章第一段，主要擔(dān)憂在于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和數(shù)字媒體帶來的信息過載（digitaldeluge）以及錯(cuò)誤信息和極端意識(shí)形態(tài)的快速傳播（misinformationandtherapidspreadofradicalideologies），使得信息與噪音的界限模糊，需要復(fù)雜的篩選機(jī)制。選項(xiàng)D“信息過載和錯(cuò)誤信息傳播帶來的認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)”最能概括核心擔(dān)憂。2.文章第二段解釋了“filterfailure”（篩選失?。５谌渲赋?，當(dāng)信息量巨大以至于超出認(rèn)知能力時(shí)（whenthesheervolumeofinformationoverwhelmscognitivecapacity），大腦會(huì)傾向于使用認(rèn)知捷徑（mentalshortcuts），導(dǎo)致對(duì)未經(jīng)充分證實(shí)的主張的接受（acceptanceofpoorlysubstantiatedclaims）。選項(xiàng)C“認(rèn)知捷徑導(dǎo)致對(duì)未經(jīng)證實(shí)信息的接受”準(zhǔn)確描述了二者的關(guān)系。3.文章第三段明確提到，平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)者和監(jiān)管者面臨的艱巨任務(wù)（dauntingtask）是“創(chuàng)造鼓勵(lì)深思熟慮參與而非被動(dòng)消費(fèi)的環(huán)境”（creatingenvironmentsthatencouragethoughtfulengagementratherthanpassiveconsumption）。選項(xiàng)B“鼓勵(lì)深思熟慮參與而非被動(dòng)消費(fèi)”是文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的具體方面。4.文章最后一段指出，在追求即時(shí)性和病毒式內(nèi)容的時(shí)代，細(xì)致理解和耐心審議的價(jià)值往往讓位于轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的趨勢(shì)和情緒反應(yīng)。要重建有意義的話語空間（Reclaimingthespaceformeaningfuldiscourse），需要消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者共同努力（consciouseffortfromconsumersandproducersalike），優(yōu)先考慮準(zhǔn)確性、背景和基于證據(jù)的推理（prioritizeaccuracy,context,andevidence-basedreasoning）。選項(xiàng)A“優(yōu)先考慮準(zhǔn)確性、背景和基于證據(jù)的推理”暗示了必要性。5.根據(jù)文章第一段，城市化帶來的環(huán)境后果包括能源消耗（highenergyconsumption）、污染排放（pollutionemissions）和廢物產(chǎn)生（wastegeneration），這些對(duì)氣候變化和當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境造成負(fù)面影響。選項(xiàng)C“能源消耗、污染排放和廢物產(chǎn)生”是文中明確提到的具體環(huán)境后果。6.文章第二段提到，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面，城市化加劇了不平等。以數(shù)字鴻溝為例，它在城市環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)明顯，基于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位（basedonsocioeconomicstatus），人們?cè)诮佑|技術(shù)（accesstotechnology）和數(shù)字素養(yǎng)（digitalliteracy）方面存在巨大差異。這種差異限制了弱勢(shì)群體的教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)B“基于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位導(dǎo)致接觸技術(shù)和數(shù)字素養(yǎng)的差異”描述了文中提到的方式。7.文章第三段在討論了技術(shù)和規(guī)劃的重要性后，最后一句強(qiáng)調(diào)，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)城市化（successofsustainableurbanization）不僅依賴于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和規(guī)劃，還依賴于社區(qū)參與（communityparticipation）和治理（governance）。選項(xiàng)D“社區(qū)參與和治理”是文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的除技術(shù)和規(guī)劃外crucial的方面。8.文章最后一段指出，可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的成功（successofsustainableur