2025年托?？谡Z(yǔ)模擬測(cè)試卷：中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易規(guī)則的影響及應(yīng)對(duì)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______請(qǐng)就以下問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回答。Question1:InthecontextoftheUS-Chinatradewar,somepeoplebelievethatthemostsignificantlong-termimpactoninternationaltraderulesistheshifttowardsregionaltradeblocsratherthanglobalmultilateralrules.OthersarguethatthemainimpactistheweakeningoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Whichofthesetwoimpactsdoyouthinkismoresignificant?Explainyourreason.Question2:YouarefacingachoicebetweentwostrategiesproposedbyyourgovernmenttorespondtochallengescausedbytheUS-Chinatradewar.Thefirststrategyistoencouragedomesticindustriestoinnovateandproducegoodsthatwerepreviouslyimported,focusingonlong-termeconomicindependence.ThesecondstrategyistonegotiatebilateraltradedealswithcountriesotherthantheUSandChinatodiversifyexportmarketsandreducerelianceonthesetwomajoreconomies.Whichstrategydoyoupersonallyprefer?Providespecificreasonsforyourchoice.Question3:Listentothelecture,thenanswerthequestionbasedonwhatyouhaveheard.(Imaginealectureisplayedhere:TheprofessordiscusseshowtheUS-Chinatradewarhasdisruptedglobalsupplychains,particularlyforindustriesreliantoncomponentsimportedfrombothcountries.Manycompaniesarefacingincreasedcostsanddelays.Theprofessorsuggeststhatinternationaltraderulesneedtoberevisedtobettersupportsupplychainresilienceandflexibility,possiblythroughnewagreementsormodificationstoexistingWTOprinciples.)Now,summarizethemainpointstheprofessormadeinthelectureabouttheneedforchangesininternationaltraderulesduetotheimpactonsupplychains.Question4:Readthefollowingpassage,thenlistentothelecture.Afterlistening,answerthequestionbasedonwhatyouhaveheardandread.(Imagineareadingpassageisprovidedhere:ItarguesthattheUS-ChinatradewarhashighlightedtheflawsintheWTO'sdisputesettlementmechanism,whichhasbecomeparalyzed.Thepassageproposesthatcountriesshouldstrengthenbilateralagreementsandregionaltradeorganizationsasalternativestotheineffectivemultilateralsystem.)(Imaginealectureisplayedhere:Theprofessordisagreeswiththepassage.HestatesthatwhiletheWTOfaceschallenges,itisstillthemostimportantforumforachievingfairandreciprocaltradereformsglobally.TheprofessorbelievesthatthesolutionisnottoabandonmultilateralismbuttoreformtheWTOitself,increaseitsenforcementpowers,andensureallmajoreconomiescomplywithitsrules.)Now,summarizethepointsmadeinboththereadingpassageandthelecture.Thenexplainhowthelecturewriter'sviewsdifferfromtheprofessor'spoints.Question5:AstudentmajoringintechnologytellsyouthatduetorestrictionsontechnologyexportstoChinacausedbythetradewar,hisresearchprojectusingadvancedsensorsdevelopedwithUScomponentshasbeenseverelydelayed,andhecannolongercompeteforamajorinternationalgrantthatrequirescollaborationwithChineseinstitutions.Theuniversity'sadministrationsuggeststwosolutions:(1)Thestudentshouldapplyforaspecialgovernmentpermittoimporttherestrictedcomponents,whichisalonganduncertainprocess.(2)Thestudentshouldfundamentallychangehisresearchprojecttofocusonlyonaspectsthatdonotrequiretherestrictedcomponents,significantlyalteringhisoriginalplan.Whichofthesetwosolutionsdoyouthinkisbetterforthestudent?Explainyourreasoning.Question6:Readthefollowingpassage,thenlistentothelecture.Afterlistening,answerthequestionbasedonwhatyouhaveheardandread.(Imagineareadingpassageisprovidedhere:Itdiscussestheideaofimposingtariffsonimportsasawayforcountriestoprotecttheirdomesticindustriesfromforeigncompetition,especiallyduringtimesofinternationaleconomictensionliketheUS-Chinatradewar.Thepassagepresentstariffsasaquickandeffectivetooltosafeguardjobs.)(Imaginealectureisplayedhere:Theprofessorarguesagainsttheideapresentedinthereadingpassage.Heexplainsthatwhiletariffsmightprovidetemporaryprotectionforafewspecificindustries,theyoftenleadtohigherpricesforconsumers,retaliationfromothercountries(whichcanharmotherexportindustries),andadecreaseinoveralleconomicefficiency.Theprofessorsuggeststhatlong-termindustryhealthreliesmoreoninnovation,productivityimprovements,andgovernmentsupportforretrainingworkers,ratherthanprotectionistmeasures.)Now,summarizethemainpointsmadeinthereadingpassageabouttheroleoftariffsinthetradewar.Thenexplainhowtheprofessor'spointsinthelecturechallengeorextendtheideaspresentedinthepassage.試卷答案Question1:*Answer:(SampleAnswerStructure)IbelievetheweakeningoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isamoresignificantlong-termimpactoftheUS-Chinatradewaroninternationaltraderules.Whiletheshifttowardsregionalblocsisnotable,thefundamentalchallengetotheglobalmultilateraltradesystemheadedbytheWTOhasfar-reachingconsequencesforinternationalcommerceandtheruleoflawintrade.*解析思路:考生需要選擇一個(gè)更重要的長(zhǎng)期影響，并提供理由。選擇WTO削弱可以側(cè)重于其對(duì)全球貿(mào)易秩序、爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制、規(guī)則制定權(quán)威性的破壞，以及由此可能引發(fā)的多邊貿(mào)易體系倒退和單邊主義抬頭。選擇區(qū)域貿(mào)易blocs可以側(cè)重于其可能帶來(lái)的區(qū)域集團(tuán)化、貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義加劇以及全球市場(chǎng)碎片化等影響。關(guān)鍵在于論證所選影響為何“更”重要，可以是從范圍、深度、對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)體系根本性影響等角度進(jìn)行比較。Question2:*Answer:(SampleAnswerStructure)IpersonallypreferthestrategyofnegotiatingbilateraltradedealswithcountriesotherthantheUSandChina.Whileencouragingdomesticinnovationisimportant,theimmediatechallengeofreducedtradeaccessduetotheUS-Chinaconflictrequiresdiversifyingexportmarketstomitigateeconomiclossesandsecuresupplychains.Thisapproachoffersaquickerwaytofindalternativetradingpartnersandreducedependencyonthetwolargestbutcurrentlyadversarialeconomies.*解析思路:考生需要明確選擇一個(gè)策略，并給出具體理由。選擇雙邊貿(mào)易deals理由可以強(qiáng)調(diào)其靈活性、針對(duì)性強(qiáng)、可能更快見效，有助于分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、穩(wěn)定特定產(chǎn)業(yè)出口。選擇國(guó)內(nèi)創(chuàng)新理由可以強(qiáng)調(diào)其根本性、可持續(xù)性，能提升長(zhǎng)期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。關(guān)鍵在于論證所選策略為何更優(yōu)，需要結(jié)合題干中提到的背景（應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)）和策略本身的特性（速度、范圍、效果）來(lái)展開。Question3:*Answer:(SampleAnswerStructure)Accordingtothelecture,theprofessorstatedthattheUS-Chinatradewarhassignificantlydisruptedglobalsupplychainsduetodependenciesoncomponentsfrombothcountries.Thishascausedincreasedcostsanddelaysforcompanies.Theprofessorarguedthatthesedisruptionshighlighttheneedforchangesininternationaltraderulestobettersupportsupplychainresilienceandflexibility.PotentialchangescouldinvolvenewagreementsormodificationstoexistingWTOprinciplestofacilitatesmootherandmoreadaptableinternationaltradeflows.*解析思路:此題考查聽懂講座并總結(jié)要點(diǎn)的能力。關(guān)鍵在于抓住講座中關(guān)于“全球供應(yīng)鏈”、“中斷原因”（依賴中美）、“后果”（成本、延遲）以及核心觀點(diǎn)“對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易規(guī)則需要修訂”、“目的”（提升韌性、靈活性）、“可能途徑”（新協(xié)議、修改WTO原則）等關(guān)鍵信息，并用連貫的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行概括。Question4:*Answer:(SampleAnswerStructure)ThereadingpassagearguesthattheWTO'sdisputesettlementmechanismisparalyzedduetothetradewar,makingitanineffectivesystem.Itproposesthatcountriesshouldrelymoreonbilateralagreementsandregionaltradeorganizationsasalternatives.Theprofessor,inthelecture,disagreedwiththisview.HemaintainedthattheWTOremainsthemostcrucialforumforachievingglobal,fair,andreciprocaltradereforms.TheprofessorbelievesthesolutionliesinreformingtheWTOitself,strengtheningitsenforcementpowers,andensuringcompliancebyallmajoreconomies,ratherthanabandoningmultilateralism.*解析思路:此題考查綜合聽讀能力，需要總結(jié)雙方觀點(diǎn)并指出差異。首先，準(zhǔn)確總結(jié)閱讀中的核心論點(diǎn)（WTO失效、主張雙邊/區(qū)域組織）。然后，準(zhǔn)確總結(jié)講座中教授的觀點(diǎn)（WTO仍是核心、主張改革WTO、加強(qiáng)執(zhí)行、確保合規(guī)）。最后，清晰闡述兩者的分歧點(diǎn)，例如：對(duì)WTO作用的評(píng)估（失效vs.仍是核心）、解決方案的路徑（替代vs.改革）。Question5:*Answer:(SampleAnswerStructure)Ithinkthesolutionofapplyingforaspecialgovernmentpermitisbetterforthestudent.Althoughtheprocessislonganduncertain,obtainingthepermitdirectlyaddressesthecoreproblem–therestrictiononimportingnecessarycomponents–allowingthestudenttopotentiallycontinuehisoriginalresearchplan.Thisoptionmaintainstheintegrityofhisprojectandoffersapathtotheinternationalgrantifsuccessful.Changingtheresearchprojectfundamentally,asthesecondoptionsuggests,mightmeanabandoningvaluableworkandpossiblylosingthecompetitiveedgeforthegrant,makingitalessdesirablechoicedespitebeingpotentiallyeasierintheshortterm.*解析思路:考生需要選擇一個(gè)更優(yōu)的解決方案，并解釋理由。選擇申請(qǐng)?jiān)S可理由可以強(qiáng)調(diào)其直接性（解決核心問(wèn)題）、維護(hù)項(xiàng)目完整性、爭(zhēng)取長(zhǎng)期機(jī)會(huì)（grant）。選擇改變項(xiàng)目理由可以強(qiáng)調(diào)其確定性、快速性、避免不確定性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。關(guān)鍵在于論證所選方案為何對(duì)“這位學(xué)生”更有利，需要結(jié)合學(xué)生的具體困境（項(xiàng)目延遲、grant機(jī)會(huì)）和兩個(gè)