專題四七選五（二）【題型把握】該題型的閱讀材料長(zhǎng)度為300詞左右，文中有五處空白，文后有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求考生從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)能填入文章空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和前后文聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析和理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。【考綱解讀及命題趨勢(shì)】近年來(lái)，高考“7選5”的選文以說(shuō)明文居多，主要考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過(guò)渡句等。今后，對(duì)主題句及過(guò)渡句的考查將仍是“7選5”的考查重點(diǎn)?！窘忸}技巧】步驟1?通讀整篇文章快速瀏覽文章，把握段落文脈，尋找主題句，理出文章中心，掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章大意。注意文章的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的首尾句，因?yàn)椤伴_(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”為常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作方式。首段的首尾句很可能是全文的主題所在，并可能簡(jiǎn)要指出了文章的寫(xiě)作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式呈現(xiàn)。步驟2?詳讀段落在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段的關(guān)鍵詞，注意關(guān)鍵詞之間的關(guān)系。將所有句子按意義分出層次，再分析各層次之間的關(guān)系，明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟3?定位選項(xiàng)明確各選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中。填寫(xiě)時(shí)尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟4?通讀復(fù)檢將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系?！局R(shí)清單】一．命題方式1、體裁以說(shuō)明文為主，間或考查記敘文或議論文。主要圍繞人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我三大主題。2、傾向于不帶標(biāo)題或段落小標(biāo)題，但文章大都結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。3、設(shè)空位置以段中為主，從功能上來(lái)說(shuō)主要考查：(1)主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)(2)過(guò)渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))(3)注釋性句子(上下文邏輯關(guān)系)二．選項(xiàng)特征文中的五處空白一般分布于各個(gè)段落的段首、段中或段尾。其選項(xiàng)一般分為四類：主題(反映文章結(jié)構(gòu))(反映上下文邏輯關(guān)系)項(xiàng)也往往從這四個(gè)方面設(shè)置，例如主題概括句或過(guò)于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過(guò)渡句不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，細(xì)節(jié)理解句與上下文脫節(jié)等。三．常用解題方法策略1?分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一是分析段落之間的層次，也就是語(yǔ)篇層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，即句際層次，尤其是選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。策略2?辨別語(yǔ)境線索等。不同詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)，如read,reading,reader,readers，還可能是以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。邏輯關(guān)系是指上下文之間內(nèi)在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。連接是指用連接詞或連接語(yǔ)表明上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and,however。指稱是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he,she,they。同構(gòu)是指上下文使用了相同或類似的句式。策略3?注意一些關(guān)鍵詞(1)注意代詞。代詞是用來(lái)指代名詞或句子的。做題時(shí)，一定要注意句中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或指示代詞，通過(guò)代詞在句中所作的成分推斷出它指代的成分的類型，進(jìn)而從選項(xiàng)中找到答案。(2)詞的回答方式是不一樣的。比如對(duì)why的回答，要用because等表示原因的詞；對(duì)when的回答，要用表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)；對(duì)where的回答，要用表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)；對(duì)how的回答，要用表示方式或程度的狀語(yǔ)等。(3)注意連接詞或短語(yǔ)。①因果關(guān)系：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等；②并列關(guān)系：first,second,third;firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;foronething,foranother等；③轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,instead,though,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,conversely,otherwise等；④遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：also,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,notonly…butalso…等?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】ACatbehaviorscanvaryenormouslyfromonecattoanother.Theyarecertainlyinterestingcreatureswithmanycuteandsometimesstrangehabitsthatoftenhaveuswondering.Whydocatslikehighplaces?Wildcatswerehunters,andfrequentinghighplacesmeanttheyhadsomewheresafetoviewtheirterritory,watchfordanger,andattackprey.Ourdomesticatedcatsalso12enjoywatchingtheworldfromabove,whichprovidesthemwithasafe,calmplaceawayfromtheactivityinahouse.3Bothwildanddomesticcatsaredrawntohidingandsleepingincontainedareas.Athome,itisoftenthehumblecardboardbox.Catsarepredators,andaboxoffersaperfectplacetohidewhilewaitingforpreyandalsotopouncefrom,asonlyoneentranceexists.Whydoesmycatgive“gifts”?Catsarewellknownforleavingusgiftsthatwemaynotwant,suchaslizardsormice.4ShowingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyouBesuretoofferyourcatavarietyoftoystohelpthemsatisfythesenaturalhuntingtheirhuntingskills.instincts.5【選項(xiàng)】A．Whydocatssitinboxes?B．Catsarepredatorsandwillhuntifallowedoutdoors.C．Whydocatslikeplayingwithboxes?D．ThisappearstobeembeddedintotheirDNA．E．Don’texpressanger,astheywillnotunderstand.F．Acat’snaturalbehavioristowithdrawandhideinstresssituation.G．VeterinarianDrKatrinaWarrenprovidesanswerstoyourquestionsaboutcatbehaviors.BFriendshipisaverybeautifulbondinwhichnooneisbigorsmall,nooneisrichorpoor,andnooneisuglyorbeautiful.6Infriendship,therearenotermsandconditions.Thereisnoagefactorinfriendship.Eachpersonhashisorherownmind,ownviews.andownperspectiveonlife.Youcanlearnalotfromeveryoneofyourfriends.7Itisbesttohaveonegoodfriendwhoacceptsyouasyouare,whobridgesgapsandneverletsyoufall.AstheancientGreekpoetEuripidesputit,“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.”Behappyandcheerfulaboutyourfriends’success.Alwaysstandbyyourfriends.Givewhatever8youwantfromyourfriends,likehonesty,love,supportandunderstanding,andneverboasttoyourfriendswhenyouaremoresuccessful.9,youwillbefriendless.Everybodyhaslaws.Andforagoodfindship,weneedpatience,becausepatienceisthekeytoeverything.Abeautifulfriendshipislikeachildhoodfriendship,freeofjealousyandfulloflove.Childrenareunawareofbadfeelings,whereangercansuddenlyarise.Thisisthequalitythatmakeschildrenpureandspecial.10Thatiswhytheyarelovedbyeveryone.【選項(xiàng)】A．WhenyoumeetanoldfriendinapartyB．IfyouarelookingforafriendwhoisfaultlessC．Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.D．Friendshipmeansunderstanding,bondingandhelpfulness.E．Onegoodfriendisbetterthanthousandsofordinaryfriends.F．Neverbeselfish,andalwaystrytogivemoreandexpectless.G．Foragoodfriendship,oneneedstruelove,andchildrenarefulloflove.CAreyoufrequentlydepressedbythefeelingthatlifeisleavingyoubehindparticularlywhenyoulookoversocialmediasitesandarefacedwithalltheexcitingthingsyourfriendsareupto?11FOMO,orFearofMissingOutreferstotheperceptionthatotherpeople’slivesaresuperiortoourown.Itappearsasadeepsenseofenvy,andconstantexposuretoitcanhaveaweakeningeffectonourself-esteem(自尊).Whilefeelingsofenvyandlackofconfidenceseemtobehumannature,socialmediaseemstohaveaddedfueltothefire.12Socialmedia,withitsbuilt-inappeal,allowsustoshareonlythebestpresentationsofourlife,whileleavingoutthemoreboringaspects.Althoughthiscouldbecharacterizedasdishonest,itistheatmospheresocialmediaseemstodemand.Sohowdoweavoidbeingtrappedintoourowninsecuritiesbysocialmedia?Consideryourownsocialmediaposts.13Well,sohaveothers.Andwhatthey’velefthiddenisthefactthatboredom,lonelinessandunpleasantchoresareanunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife,andyou’renottheonlyonefeelingleftout.14Youmaynotbearegularatfancypartiesoraclimberofdizzyingpeaks,butyouhaveyourhealth,aplacetoliveandrealfriendswhoappreciateyourpresenceintheirlives.Leantoshakeitoff.Weareallfloodeddailywithphotosofotherpeople’sperfections,butreally,whatdoesitmatter?15Andevenifyouaremoreeasilyaffectedthanothersbysocialmediaenvy,allyouneedtodoistolookaroundyouandacknowledgethatyouaredoingprettywellafterall.【選項(xiàng)】A．Ifso,youarenotalone.B．Valueyourfriendsinreallife.C．Learntoappreciatethepositives.D．Whydoesithavesuchastimulatingeffect?E．TheyareprobablynomorerealthanthefunniestrealityTVshow.F．Thefeelingthatweareleftouthaslong-termdamagingpsychologicalconsequences.G．Haveyoueverchosenphotosthatleadotherstotherosiestconclusionsaboutyourlife?DInlife,therearelotsofskillsweneedtolearntonavigatetheworld.Wegotoschooltolearnhowtoread,write,anddomath,etc.Buttherearesomeskillsyoudon’tgettaughtinschoolthatcanhelpyougrowandenduppayingoffnotjustintheshortterm,butthroughoutyourwholelife.WorkingOutConsistently16.Thehardestpartaboutworkingoutisn’tliftingweightsorrunninglongdistances.17.Learninghowtomaketimeinyourlife,atallstagesofyourlife,togotothegym,hitthepavement,orrolloutyouryogamatisoneofthegreatestbattlesyoumayfacewithinyourself.Ifyoucanmasterexercisingconsistently,thepayoffwillbehuge.Meditation(冥想)18.Manypeoplepracticemeditationduringtheirentirelivestoimprovetheirmeditationskills.Butscienceshowsthatevenmeditatingforjustafewminutesadaycanhavevastimprovementsonyourlifeandbrain.Meditationcanhelpyoufocusonthepresentmoment,buildstress-managementskills,increasecreativityandpatience,andreducenegativeemotions.Meditationalsohassomemajorlong-termbenefits.19Thewayyoucommunicatewiththeworlddetermineshowtheworldinteractswithyou.Ifyoucanorallycommunicateyourneeds,thoughts,andgoalswithothersinaneffectiveway,youhaveasuperpowerthatwillhelpyougetveryfarinbusiness,relationships,andlife.Beingabletocommunicatewiththewrittenwordsalsogoesalongway—frombeingabletocraftanemailaskingyourbossforaraise,towritingoutabusinessproposal.Beingabletocommunicatethroughwritinghasenormousbenefitsforyourlifeinthelongterm.WakingUpEarly20.Forothers,ittakessomegettingusedto.However,wakingupearlyisoneofthoseskillsthatcanhelpyoumakegooduseofyourday,getmorehours,andworkonthethingsthatmattermosttoyou.Manyhigh-earningCEOshaveearlymorningroutinessuchasJeffBezos,ElonMusk,andsoon.Themostimportantaspectofwakingupearlyisthatitforcesyoutoplanyourdayconsciously,insteadofjustlettingotherpeopletellyouwhenyouwakeup.Whenyoutakecontrolofyourschedule,youcanmakeroomforthethingsthatreallymatterandimproveyourlife.【選項(xiàng)】A．MeditationMattersALotB．Verbal&WrittenCommunicationSkillsC．ThehardestpartisactuallymakingitaroutineD．Forsome,wakingupearlyisasnaturalasbreathingE．SittinginsilenceforanyamountoftimecanbedifficultF．SomesuccessfulpeopleattachgreatimportancetogettingupearlyG．Herearesomedifficultskillsthat,oncelearned,willpayoffforeverENetworkingisaboutbeinggenerouswithourprofessionalknowledgeandhelpingeachothersucceedinourcareersandwelcomepeopleintoyourspace.21?First,findwaystogivebackandsupportthoseinyournetwork.Thatincludessharingyourexperiencewithyournewcolleaguesorvolunteeringyourtimetoacolleague’sdifficultproject.Ifyouareseenasagiver,thenothersmightbemorelikelytoturntoyouforopportunitiesorintroduceyoutoothersintheirnetwork.22.Ifyou’rejuststartingout,forexample,youmightshareagreatappwithyourteamoroffertotakemeetingnotes.23.Ifyounoticesomeonehasthesamehouseplantasyoudo,ormentionsamovieyoulove,goaheadandpointitout.That’saformofnetworking,too.Commoninterestscanofferanopeningforastrongerbondwithyourcolleagues.Thinkaboutyourgoalsandcreateaplanofactionbeforeanetworkingevent.Yougotoconferencesandjobfairsinthehopesthatyou’llcomeawaywithrealandmeaningfulconnections.However,networkingisn’tabouttalkingtothemostpeopleorcollectingthemostbusinesscards.24.Forexample,areyoulookingforinspiration?Thenreachouttopeopleyouadmireinyourfieldandbrainstormnewideaswiththem.Rememberthatnetworkingcanhappenanywhere.surprisedhowoftenluckandopportunityfindyou.【選項(xiàng)】25.Ifyoualwayskeepyourdoorsopen,you’llbeA．ShareyourhobbieswithyourcolleaguesB．Meetingonetimeisn’tgoingtoleadtoanythingC．It’saboutfocusingyourenergyontherightpeopleD．SowhatcanyoudotobuildandstrengthenyournetworkingE．ThisstrategyappliesnomatterwhatstageyouareinyourcareerF．ThenhowtorecognizeopportunitieswhentheyarerightinfrontofyouG．Trytolookoutsideyourregularprofessionalcirclesforlike-mindedpeople【高考真題】A[全國(guó)甲2022]ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(禮節(jié))mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.1.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.2．HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it'sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.3，insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests4.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.5，themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A．ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB．ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC．MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD．Don'tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE．It'sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF．NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG．ItmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatamealB[全國(guó)乙2022]Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.·Moreisn'talwaysmerrier1．Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.．Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,such2asleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)3．Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·4Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone5butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD．TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．YoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehindC[全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ2021]MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.1Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthenticthough.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.2Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes，”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.cardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsome3Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelike4groceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率)Youcantellthisbycafélife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.5Whendothesepeoplework？TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A．Notallthecustomersaretourists.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C．Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G．Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.D[浙江2021年6月]You'vegotmail…andit'sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome'sColosseum.OrAfrica'sVictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.1“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends，”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.”Seeking2otherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo'shunch(直覺(jué))paidoff.Todayhishobbyhasdevelopedintothewebsite,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575，217registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehestartedit10yearsago.3Runningthewebsitehasalmostturnedintoafull-timejob.Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn'tworkifonedoesn'tunderstandit.languageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat'sEnglishsinceit'swidelyspoken.4Soacommon“ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.5Thatsaid,weknowofmanypostcrossingmembers,includingChinese,whohaveactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseofpostcrossing，”P(pán)aulosays.A．Andthat'stotallyfine.B．Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C．Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D．Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E．OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F．Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G．Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.專題四七選五（二）【題型把握】該題型的閱讀材料長(zhǎng)度為300詞左右，文中有五處空白，文后有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求考生從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)能填入文章空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和前后文聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析和理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力?！究季V解讀及命題趨勢(shì)】近年來(lái)，高考“7選5”的選文以說(shuō)明文居多，主要考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過(guò)渡句等。今后，對(duì)主題句及過(guò)渡句的考查將仍是“7選5”的考查重點(diǎn)?！窘忸}技巧】步驟1?通讀整篇文章快速瀏覽文章，把握段落文脈，尋找主題句，理出文章中心，掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章大意。注意文章的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的首尾句，因?yàn)椤伴_(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”為常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作方式。首段的首尾句很可能是全文的主題所在，并可能簡(jiǎn)要指出了文章的寫(xiě)作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式呈現(xiàn)。步驟2?詳讀段落在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段的關(guān)鍵詞，注意關(guān)鍵詞之間的關(guān)系。將所有句子按意義分出層次，再分析各層次之間的關(guān)系，明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟3?定位選項(xiàng)明確各選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中。填寫(xiě)時(shí)尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟4?通讀復(fù)檢將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系?！局R(shí)清單】一．命題方式1、體裁以說(shuō)明文為主，間或考查記敘文或議論文。主要圍繞人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我三大主題。2、傾向于不帶標(biāo)題或段落小標(biāo)題，但文章大都結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。3、設(shè)空位置以段中為主，從功能上來(lái)說(shuō)主要考查：(1)主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)(2)過(guò)渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))(3)注釋性句子(上下文邏輯關(guān)系)二．選項(xiàng)特征文中的五處空白一般分布于各個(gè)段落的段首、段中或段尾。其選項(xiàng)一般分為四類：主題(反映文章結(jié)構(gòu))(反映上下文邏輯關(guān)系)項(xiàng)也往往從這四個(gè)方面設(shè)置，例如主題概括句或過(guò)于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過(guò)渡句不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，細(xì)節(jié)理解句與上下文脫節(jié)等。三．常用解題方法策略1?分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一是分析段落之間的層次，也就是語(yǔ)篇層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，即句際層次，尤其是選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。策略2?辨別語(yǔ)境線索等。不同詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)，如read,reading,reader,readers，還可能是以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。邏輯關(guān)系是指上下文之間內(nèi)在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。連接是指用連接詞或連接語(yǔ)表明上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and,however。指稱是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he,she,they。同構(gòu)是指上下文使用了相同或類似的句式。策略3?注意一些關(guān)鍵詞(1)注意代詞。代詞是用來(lái)指代名詞或句子的。做題時(shí)，一定要注意句中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或指示代詞，通過(guò)代詞在句中所作的成分推斷出它指代的成分的類型，進(jìn)而從選項(xiàng)中找到答案。(2)詞的回答方式是不一樣的。比如對(duì)why的回答，要用because等表示原因的詞；對(duì)when的回答，要用表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)；對(duì)where的回答，要用表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)；對(duì)how的回答，要用表示方式或程度的狀語(yǔ)等。(3)注意連接詞或短語(yǔ)。①因果關(guān)系：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等；②并列關(guān)系：first,second,third;firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;foronething,foranother等；③轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,instead,though,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,conversely,otherwise等；④遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：also,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,notonly…butalso…等?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】ACatbehaviorscanvaryenormouslyfromonecattoanother.Theyarecertainlyinterestingcreatureswithmanycuteandsometimesstrangehabitsthatoftenhaveuswondering.Whydocatslikehighplaces?Wildcatswerehunters,andfrequentinghighplacesmeanttheyhadsomewheresafetoviewtheirterritory,watchfordanger,andattackprey.Ourdomesticatedcatsalso12enjoywatchingtheworldfromabove,whichprovidesthemwithasafe,calmplaceawayfromtheactivityinahouse.3Bothwildanddomesticcatsaredrawntohidingandsleepingincontainedareas.Athome,itisoftenthehumblecardboardbox.Catsarepredators,andaboxoffersaperfectplacetohidewhilewaitingforpreyandalsotopouncefrom,asonlyoneentranceexists.Whydoesmycatgive“gifts”?Catsarewellknownforleavingusgiftsthatwemaynotwant,suchaslizardsormice.4ShowingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyouBesuretoofferyourcatavarietyoftoystohelpthemsatisfythesenaturalhuntingtheirhuntingskills.instincts.5【選項(xiàng)】A．Whydocatssitinboxes?B．Catsarepredatorsandwillhuntifallowedoutdoors.C．Whydocatslikeplayingwithboxes?D．ThisappearstobeembeddedintotheirDNA．E．Don’texpressanger,astheywillnotunderstand.F．Acat’snaturalbehavioristowithdrawandhideinstresssituation.G．VeterinarianDrKatrinaWarrenprovidesanswerstoyourquestionsaboutcatbehaviors.BFriendshipisaverybeautifulbondinwhichnooneisbigorsmall,nooneisrichorpoor,andnooneisuglyorbeautiful.6Infriendship,therearenotermsandconditions.Thereisnoagefactorinfriendship.Eachpersonhashisorherownmind,ownviews.andownperspectiveonlife.Youcanlearnalotfromeveryoneofyourfriends.7Itisbesttohaveonegoodfriendwhoacceptsyouasyouare,whobridgesgapsandneverletsyoufall.AstheancientGreekpoetEuripidesputit,“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.”Behappyandcheerfulaboutyourfriends’success.Alwaysstandbyyourfriends.Givewhatever8youwantfromyourfriends,likehonesty,love,supportandunderstanding,andneverboasttoyourfriendswhenyouaremoresuccessful.9,youwillbefriendless.Everybodyhaslaws.Andforagoodfindship,weneedpatience,becausepatienceisthekeytoeverything.Abeautifulfriendshipislikeachildhoodfriendship,freeofjealousyandfulloflove.Childrenareunawareofbadfeelings,whereangercansuddenlyarise.Thisisthequalitythatmakeschildrenpureandspecial.10Thatiswhytheyarelovedbyeveryone.【選項(xiàng)】A．WhenyoumeetanoldfriendinapartyB．IfyouarelookingforafriendwhoisfaultlessC．Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.D．Friendshipmeansunderstanding,bondingandhelpfulness.E．Onegoodfriendisbetterthanthousandsofordinaryfriends.F．Neverbeselfish,andalwaystrytogivemoreandexpectless.G．Foragoodfriendship,oneneedstruelove,andchildrenarefulloflove.CAreyoufrequentlydepressedbythefeelingthatlifeisleavingyoubehindparticularlywhenyoulookoversocialmediasitesandarefacedwithalltheexcitingthingsyourfriendsareupto?11FOMO,orFearofMissingOutreferstotheperceptionthatotherpeople’slivesaresuperiortoourown.Itappearsasadeepsenseofenvy,andconstantexposuretoitcanhaveaweakeningeffectonourself-esteem(自尊).Whilefeelingsofenvyandlackofconfidenceseemtobehumannature,socialmediaseemstohaveaddedfueltothefire.12Socialmedia,withitsbuilt-inappeal,allowsustoshareonlythebestpresentationsofourlife,whileleavingoutthemoreboringaspects.Althoughthiscouldbecharacterizedasdishonest,itistheatmospheresocialmediaseemstodemand.Sohowdoweavoidbeingtrappedintoourowninsecuritiesbysocialmedia?Consideryourownsocialmediaposts.13Well,sohaveothers.Andwhatthey’velefthiddenisthefactthatboredom,lonelinessandunpleasantchoresareanunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife,andyou’renottheonlyonefeelingleftout.14Youmaynotbearegularatfancypartiesoraclimberofdizzyingpeaks,butyouhaveyourhealth,aplacetoliveandrealfriendswhoappreciateyourpresenceintheirlives.Leantoshakeitoff.Weareallfloodeddailywithphotosofotherpeople’sperfections,butreally,whatdoesitmatter?15Andevenifyouaremoreeasilyaffectedthanothersbysocialmediaenvy,allyouneedtodoistolookaroundyouandacknowledgethatyouaredoingprettywellafterall.【選項(xiàng)】A．Ifso,youarenotalone.B．Valueyourfriendsinreallife.C．Learntoappreciatethepositives.D．Whydoesithavesuchastimulatingeffect?E．TheyareprobablynomorerealthanthefunniestrealityTVshow.F．Thefeelingthatweareleftouthaslong-termdamagingpsychologicalconsequences.G．Haveyoueverchosenphotosthatleadotherstotherosiestconclusionsaboutyourlife?DInlife,therearelotsofskillsweneedtolearntonavigatetheworld.Wegotoschooltolearnhowtoread,write,anddomath,etc.Buttherearesomeskillsyoudon’tgettaughtinschoolthatcanhelpyougrowandenduppayingoffnotjustintheshortterm,butthroughoutyourwholelife.WorkingOutConsistently16.Thehardestpartaboutworkingoutisn’tliftingweightsorrunninglongdistances.17.Learninghowtomaketimeinyourlife,atallstagesofyourlife,togotothegym,hitthepavement,orrolloutyouryogamatisoneofthegreatestbattlesyoumayfacewithinyourself.Ifyoucanmasterexercisingconsistently,thepayoffwillbehuge.Meditation(冥想)18.Manypeoplepracticemeditationduringtheirentirelivestoimprovetheirmeditationskills.Butscienceshowsthatevenmeditatingforjustafewminutesadaycanhavevastimprovementsonyourlifeandbrain.Meditationcanhelpyoufocusonthepresentmoment,buildstress-managementskills,increasecreativityandpatience,andreducenegativeemotions.Meditationalsohassomemajorlong-termbenefits.19Thewayyoucommunicatewiththeworlddetermineshowtheworldinteractswithyou.Ifyoucanorallycommunicateyourneeds,thoughts,andgoalswithothersinaneffectiveway,youhaveasuperpowerthatwillhelpyougetveryfarinbusiness,relationships,andlife.Beingabletocommunicatewiththewrittenwordsalsogoesalongway—frombeingabletocraftanemailaskingyourbossforaraise,towritingoutabusinessproposal.Beingabletocommunicatethroughwritinghasenormousbenefitsforyourlifeinthelongterm.WakingUpEarly2