專題一語(yǔ)法填空有提示詞語(yǔ)法填空——?jiǎng)釉~（非謂語(yǔ)）【題型把握】語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空題的形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語(yǔ)篇（短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0寫空白處所需要的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語(yǔ)不得多于3個(gè)單詞，詞，代詞，冠詞，主謂一致，語(yǔ)態(tài)，等來(lái)判斷各填空處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。一般分為兩種類型，有提示詞的和無(wú)提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空。動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空7個(gè)提示詞中所占的比重最大，難度最高?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的題目是學(xué)生的失分點(diǎn)。本講義著重講解有提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空中提示詞為動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的解題技巧?！局R(shí)導(dǎo)圖】【解題技巧】有提示詞的解題技巧技巧1.首先分析該空的句子成分，再確定詞性和詞形。技巧2.句中謂語(yǔ)缺失，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂一致。技巧3.若提示詞是動(dòng)詞，在句中不做謂語(yǔ)，需優(yōu)先考慮非謂動(dòng)詞：todo,doing,done.技巧：如何確定作非謂語(yǔ)和作何種非謂語(yǔ)【解題步驟】第一步：確定是否作非謂語(yǔ)若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而又無(wú)連詞(并列連詞連接并列句或并列謂語(yǔ)，從屬連詞引導(dǎo)從句)時(shí)，則要考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：再確定具體用何種非謂語(yǔ)判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的2個(gè)基本原則1.判斷主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞－ing形式與動(dòng)詞－ed形式的區(qū)別：邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞－ing形式；是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用動(dòng)詞－ed形式。2.判斷時(shí)間先后關(guān)系(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示正在進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞－ing形式；(2)表示已經(jīng)完成，用動(dòng)詞－ed形式；(3)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用不定式todo形式?？疾辄c(diǎn)1:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)【知識(shí)清單】1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)1.句中缺少主語(yǔ)，找到句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，確定用動(dòng)詞－ing形式還是不定式作主語(yǔ)。2．掌握用動(dòng)詞－ing形式/不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型：(1)Itis/was＋形容詞(for/ofsb)＋todosth(2)Itisnouse/gooddoingsth(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth(4)It’sworthwhiletodo/doingsth2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，意為“令人感到……的；(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋；(3)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，意為“本身感到……的。(4)不定式作表語(yǔ)，表將來(lái)或目的。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)1.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞介詞和帶介詞to的固定搭配后一定跟動(dòng)詞－ingbut/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式就要省略to。2.只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)喜歡考慮不避免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)·不禁放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(cannothelp,giveup,risk)·感激承認(rèn)很值得(appreciate,admit,beworth)·介意想象莫推延(mind,imagine,delay,putoff)·允許完成是期望(allow,permit,finish,lookforwardto)·建議繼續(xù)勤操練(suggest,goon,practise)·致力原諒要堅(jiān)持(bedevotedto,excuse,insiston)·繼續(xù)成功不錯(cuò)過(guò)(keepon,succeedin,miss)3.只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)(hope,wish,expect,agree,promise)·兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕(demand,ask,refuse)·設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定(manage,learn,decide/determine)·不要假裝在選擇(pretend,choose/select)·計(jì)劃提出倆打算(plan,offer,intend,mean)·申請(qǐng)失敗負(fù)擔(dān)起(apply,fail,afford)·準(zhǔn)備愿望又碰巧(prepare,desire,happen)4.既可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)但表達(dá)含義不同的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,try,mean等。注意它們含義的不同之處。todosth記著去做某事（未做）doingsth記得做過(guò)某事（已做）·remember{·todosth打算做某事doingsth意味著做某事mean{·todosth停下來(lái)去做某事doingsth停止做某事stop{·todosth遺憾做某事doingsth后悔做了某事regret{4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞－ing形式作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行；(2)若表示被動(dòng)且正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞－ing形式的形容詞，意為“令人……的。2.動(dòng)詞－ed形式作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞－ed形式作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成。(2)動(dòng)詞－ed形式的形容詞，意為“(人)感到……的，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)看到由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。(2)看到由theonly，thelast，thenext等修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。(3)看到被修飾的名詞(代詞)是ability，attempt，chance,desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有tell,order,allow,permit,enable,persuade,force,warn,encourage,inspire,expect等。2.have的固定用法havesb/sthdoing讓某人/某物一直做·havesthdone讓某事被做·havesbdosth讓某人做某事3.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；(2)動(dòng)詞－ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成；常用動(dòng)詞－ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有have,make,get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】1．Youcan’timaginewhatahardtimeshehad__________(raise)thefourchildren.2Accordingtoarecentsurvey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek__________(watch)TV.3.________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout________(recognize)．5.Hepreferredreadingbooksinthelibraryto_________(chat)ontheInternetathome.6.Theboy__________(name)Tomismybestfriend.7.Toobtainfoodandavoid______(catch),theyhavetodependonothersensessuchassmellandtheirabilitytodetectslightchangesinwaterpressure.8.MydadandIarebothlookingforwardto________(go)totheBeijinghistorymuseum.9.After__________(graduate)fromuniversity,hedeterminedtosettleinthecountryside.10.Keep________(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.11．Itisobviousthat________(grow)muchfull-suncoffeeaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.【高考真題】1.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Orangetreesaremorethandecoration；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes____________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.2.(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，____________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.3.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake____________(get)there.4．(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Itispossible____________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.5.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel____________(challenge)．6.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)After____________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!7(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.8.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim____________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.9.(浙江6月卷)Istillremember____________(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.10.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theyrepresenttheearth____________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.11.(2020·天津7月卷)Vinnieconfirmedherability____________(make)afull－lengthstatuebyhighlightingtheheavylaborshehaddonebefore.12.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek－longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，____________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.13．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensive____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.14．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________________(improve)waterquality.專題一語(yǔ)法填空有提示詞語(yǔ)法填空——?jiǎng)釉~（非謂語(yǔ)）【題型把握】語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空題的形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語(yǔ)篇（短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0寫空白處所需要的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語(yǔ)不得多于3個(gè)單詞，詞，代詞，冠詞，主謂一致，語(yǔ)態(tài)，等來(lái)判斷各填空處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。一般分為兩種類型，有提示詞的和無(wú)提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空。動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空7個(gè)提示詞中所占的比重最大，難度最高?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的題目是學(xué)生的失分點(diǎn)。本講義著重講解有提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空中提示詞為動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的解題技巧。【知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖】【解題技巧】有提示詞的解題技巧技巧1.首先分析該空的句子成分，再確定詞性和詞形。技巧2.句中謂語(yǔ)缺失，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂一致。技巧3.若提示詞是動(dòng)詞，在句中不做謂語(yǔ)，需優(yōu)先考慮非謂動(dòng)詞：todo,doing,done.技巧：如何確定作非謂語(yǔ)和作何種非謂語(yǔ)【解題步驟】第一步：確定是否作非謂語(yǔ)若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而又無(wú)連詞(并列連詞連接并列句或并列謂語(yǔ)，從屬連詞引導(dǎo)從句)時(shí)，則要考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：再確定具體用何種非謂語(yǔ)判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的2個(gè)基本原則1.判斷主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞－ing形式與動(dòng)詞－ed形式的區(qū)別：邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞－ing形式；是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用動(dòng)詞－ed形式。2.判斷時(shí)間先后關(guān)系(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示正在進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞－ing形式；(2)表示已經(jīng)完成，用動(dòng)詞－ed形式；(3)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用不定式todo形式?？疾辄c(diǎn)1:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)【知識(shí)清單】1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)1.句中缺少主語(yǔ)，找到句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，確定用動(dòng)詞－ing形式還是不定式作主語(yǔ)。2．掌握用動(dòng)詞－ing形式/不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型：(1)Itis/was＋形容詞(for/ofsb)＋todosth(2)Itisnouse/gooddoingsth(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth(4)It’sworthwhiletodo/doingsth2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，意為“令人感到……的；(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋；(3)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，意為“本身感到……的。(4)不定式作表語(yǔ)，表將來(lái)或目的。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)1.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞介詞和帶介詞to的固定搭配后一定跟動(dòng)詞－ingbut/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式就要省略to。2.只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)喜歡考慮不避免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)·不禁放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(cannothelp,giveup,risk)·感激承認(rèn)很值得(appreciate,admit,beworth)·介意想象莫推延(mind,imagine,delay,putoff)·允許完成是期望(allow,permit,finish,lookforwardto)·建議繼續(xù)勤操練(suggest,goon,practise)·致力原諒要堅(jiān)持(bedevotedto,excuse,insiston)·繼續(xù)成功不錯(cuò)過(guò)(keepon,succeedin,miss)3.只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)(hope,wish,expect,agree,promise)·兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕(demand,ask,refuse)·設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定(manage,learn,decide/determine)·不要假裝在選擇(pretend,choose/select)·計(jì)劃提出倆打算(plan,offer,intend,mean)·申請(qǐng)失敗負(fù)擔(dān)起(apply,fail,afford)·準(zhǔn)備愿望又碰巧(prepare,desire,happen)4.既可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)但表達(dá)含義不同的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,try,mean等。注意它們含義的不同之處。todosth記著去做某事（未做）doingsth記得做過(guò)某事（已做）·remember{·todosth打算做某事doingsth意味著做某事mean{·todosth停下來(lái)去做某事doingsth停止做某事stop{·todosth遺憾做某事doingsth后悔做了某事regret{4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞－ing形式作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行；(2)若表示被動(dòng)且正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞－ing形式的形容詞，意為“令人……的。2.動(dòng)詞－ed形式作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞－ed形式作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成。(2)動(dòng)詞－ed形式的形容詞，意為“(人)感到……的，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)看到由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。(2)看到由theonly，thelast，thenext等修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。(3)看到被修飾的名詞(代詞)是ability，attempt，chance,desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有tell,order,allow,permit,enable,persuade,force,warn,encourage,inspire,expect等。2.have的固定用法havesb/sthdoing讓某人/某物一直做·havesthdone讓某事被做·havesbdosth讓某人做某事3.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；(2)動(dòng)詞－ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)、完成；常用動(dòng)詞－ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有have,make,get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want,like等。【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1．Youcan’timaginewhatahardtimeshehad__________(raise)thefourchildren.2Accordingtoarecentsurvey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek__________(watch)TV.3.________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout________(recognize)．5.Hepreferredreadingbooksinthelibraryto_________(chat)ontheInternetathome.6.Theboy__________(name)Tomismybestfriend.7.Toobtainfoodandavoid______(catch),theyhavetodependonothersensessuchassmellandtheirabilitytodetectslightchangesinwaterpressure.8.MydadandIarebothlookingforwardto________(go)totheBeijinghistorymuseum.9.After__________(graduate)fromuniversity,hedeterminedtosettleinthecountryside.10.Keep________(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.11．Itisobviousthat________(grow)muchfull-suncoffeeaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.【高考真題】1.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Orangetreesaremorethandecoration；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes____________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.2.(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，____________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.3.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake____________(get)there.4．(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Itispossible____________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.5.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel____________(challenge)．6.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)After____________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!7(全