NaturalDisasterEarthquakeVolcanoeruptionTyphoonForestfireTsunamiPlagueEarthquakeHowHarmfulEarthquakeis?20085.12WenchuanEarthquakemagnitude8.0Morethan69000died18000disappearedDirecteconomylost:845billion20113.14JapanEarthquakemagnitude9.0Morethan14,000died10,000disappearedMorethan11,000becomehomelessNuclearleak(核泄漏)BasicKnowledgeaboutEarthquakeEarthquake：resultofasuddenreleaseofenergyinthe

EarthCrust(地殼)

thatcreates

seismicwaves(地震波).Measuredbyenergyitreleased,Richtermagnitudescale（里氏地震級(jí)）.

Scalephenomenonfrequency

Under3.0Nofeeling

1000perday

3.0-5.0Felt,buildingshake,nobigdamage

Morethan

5,0000timesperyear

5.0-6.9damagewithin100km2area,somebuildingcollapsed.

100timesperyear

Above7.0seriousdamageover1000km2area,lotsofbuildingfalldown

1timeperyear

TypesofEarthquakeFault(斷層)types:normal,reverse(thrust)andstrike-slipDepthofearthquakeoccurring:Shallow-focus(lessthan70km)mid-focus(70-300km)deep-focus(300to700km)ShakingandgroundruptureLandslidesandavalanches（山體滑坡、雪崩）FiresSoilliquefaction（地陷）Tsunami（海嘯）Floods

EffectsofEarthquakeEarthquakesafetytipsIfyouareindoors：staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Ifyouarecooking：

turnoffthestoveandtakecover.Ifyouareoutdoors：movetoanopenareaIfyouaredriving：slowdownsmoothlyandstoponthesideoftheroadThanks！VolcanoeruptionTheWordVolcanoThewordvolcanocomesfromtheRomangodoffire,Vulcan.Structureofvolcano單擊此處添加內(nèi)容TypesofVolcanoes單擊此處添加內(nèi)容單擊此處添加標(biāo)題單擊此處添加內(nèi)容單擊此處添加標(biāo)題單擊此處添加內(nèi)容Below:

MountKilauea,Hawaii

CinderVolcanoes單擊此處添加內(nèi)容CompositeVolcanoes單擊此處添加內(nèi)容VolcanoHazards

單擊此處添加內(nèi)容Volcanobenefits黑曜石、浮石

熔巖中的氣體嗝

火山溫泉羊八井地?zé)嵴綱olcanoinChina單擊此處添加內(nèi)容云南騰沖火山國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園長(zhǎng)白山天池火山臺(tái)灣龜山島火山海南瓊北火山VolcanoinuniverseQuestion:

Whatisthe

biggest(shield)volcano

inour

SolarSystem?Answer:

OlympusMons

(onplanet

Mars)珠穆朗瑪峰和OlympusMons規(guī)模比較

Volcanoinuniverse珠穆朗瑪峰和OlympusMons規(guī)模比較THANKYOU!TyphoneTyphoonTheNameof"Typhoon"TyphoonisfromGreekwordτ?φειν(typhein),meaning"tosmoke".InGreekmythology,typheinisGaia'sson,whichisaMonsterwithonehundredheads.τ?φειν

Differentcalls

Therearemanycallsof“Typhoon”indifferentplaces.

WesternNorthPacificandSouthChinaSeacalled"Typhoon".WesternAtlantic,Caribbean,GulfofMexicoandtheeasternNorthPacificcalled

"Hurricanes"IndianOcean

"Cyclone".Philippinescalled"Baguio".

Australianaboriginescalledthetyphoon"Willy-Willy".TheFormofTyphoonSixmainrequirementsfortyphoonformationanddevelopment:sufficientlywarmseasurfacetemperaturesatmosphericinstabilityhighhumidityinthelowertomiddlelevelsofthetroposphereenoughCoriolisforcetodevelopalowpressurecenterapre-existinglowlevelfocusordisturbancelowverticalwindshear.PeakMonthesandtheLandingArea

ThetyphoonsofChinamostlycomefromthenorthwesternPacificocean.ThelandingtimemostlyfromJulytoNovember.TheearlistonewouldlandinMay,whilethelastoneofenoccursinDecember.

ThelandingareaisalmostthroughouttheentirecoastalareaofChina,especillyinSoutheastChina.Guangdongisacoastalregionwiththehighestnumberoftyphoon,followedbyTaiwan,Hainan,FujianandZhejiang.TheDestructionfromTyphoonTheDestructionfromTyphoon

Causewaterloggingandflooding

TrafficgridlockInundatedfarmland,grainreductioninproductionorcropsDestructionofthepowersupplysystem,resultinginpoweroutagesDestructionofurbangreensystemName

10

typhoonnamespresentedbytheChinese:

DragonKing,(Sun)monkey,rabbit,petrels,Aeolus,Poseidon,Rhododendron,electricmother,hippocampus,begonia.

龍王、（孫）悟空、玉兔、海燕、風(fēng)神、海神、杜鵑、電母、海馬、海棠Thesenamesshowfewdisastermeanings.Onthecontrast,mostofthenarewithmeaningofcivilizationandpeace,suchasjasmine,rose,pearls,lotus,cloudsandsoon.Whenthetyphoonmakesseriousdamageinsomeareas,thecountryorregioncanpresentanewnameinstead.ForestFireForestFireTypesofforestfire

surfacefire(地表火)canopyfire(林冠火)subsurfacefire(地下火)Factors

coexist

inforestfirecombustibles(可燃物

)ignitionsources

(火源

)oxygennaturalman-made

organicmaterial

notlessthan18%

volcaniceruption

lightningfire

Relatedfactorsweatherterrains(地形)sunnyslope(陽(yáng)坡)steephill（陡坡）forestland（林地）hightemperaturecontinuousdrought

strongwinds

Regularityofoutbreak

periodical（周期性）annual（dryyears）seasonal(winter)daily(midday)Influenceandprevention

airenvironmentecologicalsystemsocialstabilitymonitoringtechnology

satelliteremotesensingman’sconsciousnessTsunamiTsunamiWhatis“tsunami”?Thegreatwaves“tsunami”

isaseriesoftravelingoceanwavesofextremelylonglengthgeneratedbyearthquakesoccurringbloworneartheocean,submarinelandslidesanderuptions.DamageAPacific-widetsunamigeneratedbythe1960ChileEarthquake.TheGreatAlaskanEarthquakeof1964produceddeadlytsunamiwavesinAlaska,OregonandCalifornia.in1992and1993over2,000peoplewerekilledbytsunamisoccurringinNicaragua,IndonesiaandJapan.2004IndianOceantsunamithe,killingaround230,000people.WhatCauseTsunamis?earthquakessubmarinelandslidessubmarinevolcaniceruptionsalargemeteorite（隕石）impactintheoceanunderwatervolcaniceruptionandlandslidesTsunamiWarningCentersTheAlaskaTsunamiWarningCenter(ATWC)inPalmer,Alaska.ThePacificTsunamiWarningCenter(PTWC)inEwaBeach,Hawaii.ThePacificTsunamiWarningSystem(PTWS).OtherNationaltsunamiwarningcenters.WhatYouShouldDo?Followtheadviceofteachersandotherschoolpersonnel.(inschool)Moveintheevacuationsiteortoanysafeplace.Followtheadviceoflocalemergencyandlawenforcementauthorities.(athome)Moveimmediatelytohigherground.DONOTwaitforatsunamiwarningtobeannounced.(atthebeachorneartheocean)TipsShouldnotletthisnaturalhazarddiminishyourenjoymentofthebeachandocean.TheendThankyouPlaguePlague(瘟疫)isanepidemic(傳染病）ofinfectiousdiseasethatisspreadingthroughhumanpopula-tionsacrossalargeregion;forinstancemultiplecontinents,orevenworldwide.Awidespreadendemicdiseasethatisstableintermsofhowmanypeoplearegettingsickfromitisnotapandemic.Theemergenceoftheepidemicshallmeetthefollowingconditions:1.Anewpathogenappearsinthecrowd.2.Thepathogencauseinfectionandseriousmedicalproblems.3.ThepathogensisInfectious,particularlyamonghumans.Pandemicsandnotableepidemicsthroughhistory1、PlagueofAthens430BC.TyphoidfeverkilledaquarteroftheAtheniantroops,andaquarterofthepopulationoverfouryears.2、PlagueofJustinian

from541to750,wasthefirstrecordedoutbreakofthebubonicplague.ItcausedEurope'spopulationtodropbyaround50%between550and700million.3、BlackDeathstarted14thcentury.Thetotalnumberofdeathsworldwideisestimatedat75millionpeople.ItwasthefirstofacycleofEuropeanplagueepidemicsthatcontinueduntilthe18thcentury.4、SmallpoxThediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300–500milliondeaths.4、SmallpoxThediseasekilledanestimated40millionEuro-peansperyearduringtheclosingyearsofthe18thcentury.Duringthe20thcentury,itisestimatedthatsmallpoxwasresponsiblefor300–500milliondeaths.CurrentpandemicsHIVandAIDSHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,iscurrentlyapandemic.ItspreadtotheUnitedStatesandmuchoftherestoftheworldbeginningaround1969.SARS(SevereAcute