（英語）英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題20套(帶答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.

AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.

AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假設(shè)的)moraldilemma:Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized(人性化的)tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.

Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(無名的)humans.

"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."（1）Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?A.

Howtohumanizethem.B.

Howtotreattheminlife.C.

Howtousethemeffectively.D.

Howtofindmoreapplications.（2）Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.A.

whentosacrificearobotB.

wheretoexperiencerisksC.

whichrobottoworkwithD.

whatrobotsshouldbelike（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?A.

Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.B.

Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.C.

Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.D.

Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Robots,AMustforFutureB.

HumanizedRobots,ANewTrendC.

RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHitD.

HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，它們承擔(dān)越來越多樣化的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创麄?，如何?duì)待他們的問題變的迫在眉睫。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知，隨著越來越多的機(jī)器裝備了最新的人工智能，承擔(dān)著越來越多的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创鼈円约叭绾螌?duì)待它們的問題變得越來越緊迫。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?’"可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時(shí)犧牲機(jī)器人。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知，Paulus認(rèn)為讓機(jī)器人人性化的嘗試不應(yīng)該走得太遠(yuǎn)，可以推斷出，Paulus認(rèn)為過多地人性化機(jī)器人可能是不合適的。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要敘述了隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，參與者就可能越不會(huì)犧牲機(jī)器人。因此標(biāo)題“機(jī)器人被拯救，人類就會(huì)承受打擊”最切題，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二極管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來。”（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機(jī)，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機(jī)即將問世?？芍疚闹黝}是“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來智能手機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)”?！斑@是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情?！薄翱芍?，我們能從賈斯汀·丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力?！惫蔬xA。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價(jià)格昂貴。例如華為MateX的價(jià)格是17500元人民幣。這是一個(gè)很少有人能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價(jià)格。可知，目前可折疊手機(jī)大多數(shù)家庭都買不起。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無疑問，它將會(huì)到來?？芍?，作者對(duì)可折疊屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Boomerangchildrenwhoreturntolivewiththeirparentsafteruniversitycanbegoodforfamilies,leadingtocloser,moresupportiverelationshipsandincreasedcontactbetweenthegenerations,astudyhasfound.

Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.

Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere"morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpectedaboutmovingbackhome—theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.Daughterswerehappierthansons,oftenslippingbackeasilyintoteenagepatternsofbehaviour,thestudyfound.

Parentsonthewholeweremoreuncertain,expressingconcernaboutthelikelydurationofthearrangementandhowtomanageit.Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.

Thefamiliesfeaturedinthestudyweremiddle-classandtendedtoviewtheachievementofadultindependencefortheirchildrenasa"familyproject".Parentsacceptedthattheirchildrenrequiredsupportasuniversitystudentsandthenasgraduatesreturninghome,astheytriedtofindjobspayingenoughtoenablethemtomoveoutandgetonthehousingladder.

"However",thestudysays,"day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict,characterisedtheexperienceofamajorityofparentsandalittleoverhalfthegraduates".

Areasofdisagreementincludedchores,moneyandsociallife.Whileparentswerekeentohelp,theyalsowanteddifferentrelationshipsfromthosetheyhadwiththeirownparents,andcontinuingtosupporttheiradultchildrenallowedthemtoremainclose.（1）Whatisthefindingofthepreviousresearch?A.

Boomerangchildrenmadetheirparentshappier.B.

Theparentswerelookingforwardtotheirchildren'sreturn.C.

Theparents'qualityoflifebecameworsethanbefore.D.

Boomerangchildrenneverdidanyhousework.（2）Theunderlinedword"trigger"inParagraph2maybebestreplacedby________.A.

cause

B.

defeat

C.

arise

D.

allow（3）Whatistheattitudeofthecollegegraduatestowardsreturninghome?A.

Theyareashamedofturningtotheirparentsforhelp.B.

Theyaregladthattheycouldcomeback.C.

Theyaredoubtfulaboutwhethertheyshouldreturn.D.

Theyareproudtobeindependentfromthefamily.（4）Whatcanbeinferredasthereasonforthe"boomerangchildren"phenomenon?A.

Thechildrenwanttokeepinclosertouchwiththeirparents.B.

Theparentsarewillingtoprovidesupporttotheirchildren.C.

Itisharderforthechildrentosecureasatisfyingjob.D.

Thereismorehouseworkneededtobedonebythechildren.（5）Whatisthesideeffectoftheboomerangchildrenphenomenon?A.

Bothparentsandchildrenenjoyamoreharmoniousrelationship.B.

Neitherparentsnorchildrenwanttodothechoresathome.C.

Notonlyparentsbutalsochildrenwanttobeindependent.D.

Thereareoccasionalquarrelsbetweenparentsandchildren.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，“回巢族”子女在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后回到父母身邊生活對(duì)家庭是有好處的，他們會(huì)與父母建立更親密、更具支持性的關(guān)系，并增進(jìn)兩代人之間的聯(lián)系。而這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與今年早些時(shí)候發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果相矛盾，該研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感顯著下降。父母和孩子對(duì)于獨(dú)立的緊張情緒會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母和子女之間偶爾的爭(zhēng)吵。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefindingsdisagreewiththeresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantworseningintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與今年早些時(shí)候發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果不一致，早些的研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感顯著惡化?？芍?，以往的研究顯示，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感比之前更差，故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefindingsdisagreewiththeresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantworseningintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.”通過新舊研究對(duì)比，以往的研究表明，返鄉(xiāng)的成年子女會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母的生活質(zhì)量和幸福感顯著下降。即可推理劃線部分單詞trigger意為“導(dǎo)致，致使”，與cause意義一致。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere‘morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpected’aboutmovingbackhome–theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirfriendsareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.”參與這項(xiàng)研究的年輕人對(duì)于搬回家“比預(yù)期的更積極”——他們的羞愧感減少了，因?yàn)樗麄兊脑S多朋友都處于同樣的處境，而且他們承認(rèn)父母在經(jīng)濟(jì)和情感上的支持是有好處的。）可知，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生對(duì)回家的態(tài)度是積極的，很高興能夠回家，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.”但他們承認(rèn)，如今的畢業(yè)生情況有所不同，他們畢業(yè)時(shí)背負(fù)著巨額債務(wù)，工作機(jī)會(huì)也更少。由此推斷出，孩子們很難找到一份滿意的工作，故選C。（5）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"‘However’,thestudysays,‘day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict”可知對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)不同層面獨(dú)立前景的日常緊張情緒，是大多數(shù)家長和略多于一半畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷的特征。在少數(shù)極端情況下，這種緊張情緒接近沖突?？芍爻沧搴⒆蝇F(xiàn)象的副作用是在少數(shù)情況下，緊張情緒會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母和孩子之間偶爾發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解

Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.

Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.

Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.

NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”

Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.（1）WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?A.

Adigitalteachertaughtthem.

B.

Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.C.

Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.

D.

Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.（2）Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?A.

Itcansmileback.

B.

Itcanusemicrophone.C.

Itcantalkanytopicforfree.

D.

Itcanchangeifnecessary.（3）What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?A.

Optimistic.

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Unclear.

D.

Disapproving.（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

NewHigh-techContributestoEducationB.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.C.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudentsD.

NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款智能機(jī)器人走進(jìn)小學(xué)課堂，為孩子們講授能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，他們成為世界上第一批由智能機(jī)器人老師“教”的孩子。由此可知，特殊之處在于機(jī)器人老師教他們。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“這種雙向互動(dòng)不僅有助于吸引學(xué)生的注意力，還允許程序的開發(fā)人員監(jiān)視他們的參與度，并在需要時(shí)做出更改”，由此可得出，其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于需要時(shí)，可以做出變化。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知，Ravishankar認(rèn)為它不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)代替人類教育工作者。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，從新學(xué)年開始，新西蘭奧克蘭的小學(xué)生將成為世界上第一批被機(jī)器人老師教的孩子。之后文章就此展開，由此可推斷出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的標(biāo)題。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.

ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(顆粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.

ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.

TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.

Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.（1）WhatisthecurrentgoalofthecrewoftheOceanExplorationTrust?A.

Torecovertherockparticles.

B.

Toobservemovementsoftheuniverse.C.

Tostudyunexploredplacesoftheocean.

D.

Toexaminecreaturesoftheexploredocean.（2）Whatmainlycausedthestartofthesearchinthesea?A.

Ahugemeteorshower.

B.

Businessvalueofmeteors.C.

Plentyofnaturalresources.

D.

Thebrainstormofresearchers.（3）Whydothescientistsprefertosearchformeteorsintheocean?A.

Theycanfindmeteorsmoreeasily.

B.

Theymayfindbiggerrockparticles.C.

Theyliketoexplorestrangeseaareas.

D.

Theyhavebettersubmarineequipment.（4）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.

Offercluesforthesearch.

B.

Givereasonstosupportaguess.C.

Stresstheimportanceoftheevent.

D.

Describetheprocessofthesearch.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們認(rèn)為是去年墜落地球的流星碎片。這些物體是在美國太平洋沿岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一場(chǎng)巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開始。科學(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.”可知，theOceanExplorationTrust的船員目前的目標(biāo)是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.”可知，一場(chǎng)巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開始。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.”可知，科學(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想給出支持猜測(cè)的理由。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇閱讀理解

Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.

Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.

Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.

LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.

Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.

JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.

LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.（1）WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.

Providebackgroundinformation.

B.

Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.C.

Explainthereasonfortrash.

D.

Introduceanewtopic.（2）Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?A.

TheWorldEconomicForum.

B.

Demandofsomecompanies.C.

Zero-wastemodel.

D.

Themilkmanmodel.（3）WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?A.

UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.

B.

SwitzerlandandBritain.C.

CanadaandBritain.

D.

FranceandCanada.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Anewshoppingmodel.

B.

Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.C.

Theworld'senvironmentalissue.

D.

Theconcernsoffutureshopping.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的"零浪費(fèi)"購物模式。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年產(chǎn)生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，結(jié)合下文可知，作者寫本段目的是為下文提出新的購物模式提供背景信息。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知，Loop購物模式的想法來自于過去"送奶工模式"，是一種可以杜絕零浪費(fèi)的模式。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.”可知，Loop計(jì)劃在2020年前將業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)大到加拿大和法國。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的"零浪費(fèi)"購物模式。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation(近似)ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy(遺產(chǎn))onlineforever.

Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.