高一英語(yǔ)社會(huì)科學(xué)試題SectionA:MultipleChoice(30points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage1:TheImpactofUrbanizationUrbanizationreferstotheprocessbywhichpeoplemovefromruralareastocities,leadingtothegrowthofurbanpopulations.Overthepastcentury,thistrendhasacceleratedglobally.In1950,only30%oftheworld’spopulationlivedincities;by2023,thisfigurehadrisento56%,anditisprojectedtoreach68%by2050.Citiesoffernumerousopportunities,suchasbettereducation,healthcare,andemployment.Forexample,Tokyo,oneoftheworld’slargestcities,attractsmillionswithitshigh-techindustriesandculturaldiversity.However,urbanizationalsobringschallenges.Overcrowdingcanleadtotrafficjams,airpollution,andhousingshortages.InMumbai,India,morethanhalfofthepopulationlivesinslumsduetolimitedaffordablehousing.Sociologistsarguethatsustainableurbanplanningiskeytoaddressingtheseissues.Thisincludesdevelopingpublictransportationsystems,creatinggreenspaces,andpromotingmixed-useneighborhoodswhereresidentscanlive,work,andshopwithinwalkingdistance.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofurbanizationB.ThecausesandeffectsofurbanizationC.ThefutureofglobalcitiesD.TheculturaldiversityofTokyoAccordingtothepassage,whichproblemiscausedbyovercrowdingincities?A.IncreasedjobopportunitiesB.TrafficcongestionC.ImprovedhealthcareD.CulturalexchangeWhatdoes"sustainableurbanplanning"aimtoachieve?A.ReducingruralpopulationsB.ExpandingcityboundariesC.BalancingdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionD.PromotinginternationalmigrationPassage2:EconomicSystemsEverysocietymustanswerthreebasiceconomicquestions:Whattoproduce?Howtoproduce?Andforwhomtoproduce?Thewaythesequestionsareanswereddeterminesthetypeofeconomicsystemacountryhas.Inamarketeconomy,suchastheUnitedStates,decisionsaredrivenbysupplyanddemand.Businessesproducegoodsthatconsumerswant,andpricesaresetbycompetition.Forexample,ifthedemandforelectriccarsrises,companieslikeTeslawillincreaseproductiontomeetthisneed.Inacommandeconomy,thegovernmentcontrolsallresourcesandmakesproductiondecisions.Historically,theSovietUnionusedthismodel,wherethegovernmentplannedeveryaspectoftheeconomy,fromsteelproductiontobreaddistribution.However,thissystemoftenledtoinefficiencyandshortages.Mostmoderneconomiesaremixedeconomies,combiningelementsofbothmarketandcommandsystems.Forinstance,inSweden,privatebusinessesoperatefreely,butthegovernmentprovidesuniversalhealthcareandeducationthroughhightaxes.Whicheconomicsystemischaracterizedbygovernmentcontrolofresources?A.MarketeconomyB.CommandeconomyC.MixedeconomyD.TraditionaleconomyInamarketeconomy,pricesaremainlydeterminedby______.A.GovernmentpoliciesB.SupplyanddemandC.InternationaltradeD.NaturalresourcesWhydoesthepassagementionSweden?A.ToillustrateapuremarketeconomyB.TocriticizehightaxratesC.TogiveanexampleofamixedeconomyD.TocompareitwiththeSovietUnionPassage3:CulturalIdentityandGlobalizationGlobalization—theinterconnectednessofeconomies,cultures,andsocietiesworldwide—hassparkeddebatesaboutculturalidentity.Ononehand,itallowsforthespreadofideasandtraditions.Forexample,K-popmusicfromSouthKoreaandBollywoodfilmsfromIndiaarenowenjoyedbyaudiencesacrosstheglobe.Ontheotherhand,criticsarguethatglobalizationleadstoculturalhomogenization,wherelocaltraditionsarereplacedbyWesternvalues.InsomeAfricancountries,youngpeoplearemorelikelytowearjeansandlistentoAmericanpopmusicthantopracticetraditionaldancesorwearethnicclothing.Anthropologistssuggestthatculturalidentityisnotfixedbutevolvesthroughinteraction.Forinstance,JapaneseanimehasbeeninfluencedbyDisneycartoons,yetitretainsuniqueartisticstylesthatreflectJapaneseculture.Thisprocess,calledculturalhybridization,showshowglobalizationcanenrichratherthaneraselocaltraditions.Whatis"culturalhomogenization"?A.ThemixingofdifferentculturalelementsB.ThelossoflocaltraditionsduetoexternalinfluencesC.ThespreadofglobalmusicandfilmsD.TheprotectionofethniclanguagesHowdoesthepassageviewculturalhybridization?A.AsathreattoculturaldiversityB.Asaresultofglobalization’snegativeeffectsC.AsaprocessthatcombinesforeignandlocaltraditionsD.AsaphenomenonuniquetoAsiancountriesWhichexamplesupportstheideaofculturalevolutionthroughinteraction?A.ThepopularityofK-popworldwideB.TheinfluenceofDisneyonJapaneseanimeC.ThedeclineoftraditionaldancesinAfricaD.ThespreadofWesternfashioninIndiaSectionB:ShortAnswerQuestions(40points)Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionsin50–80wordseach.Explainhowtechnologyhaschangedcommunicationinthelast20years.Provideatleasttwoexamples.Define"climatechange"anddescribeonehumanactivitythatcontributestoit.WhatistheroleoftheUnitedNations(UN)ininternationalrelations?Giveonespecificexampleofitswork.Howdoessocialmediaaffectpoliticalmovements?Useahistoricalorcurrenteventtosupportyouranswer.SectionC:EssayQuestion(30points)Directions:Writeanessayof250–300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Topic:"ShouldgovernmentsspendmoremoneyonspaceexplorationoronsolvingproblemsonEarth?"Inyouressay,include:AclearthesisstatementTwoargumentssupportingyourpositionOnecounterargumentandaresponsetoitSectionD:CaseStudyAnalysis(50points)Directions:Readthefollowingcasestudyandanswerthequestionsbelow.CaseStudy:TheRiseofE-CommerceinRuralChinaInrecentyears,e-commercehastransformedruralChina.PlatformslikeTaobaoandJD.comhaveenabledfarmerstoselltheirproductsdirectlytoconsumersincities,bypassingmiddlemen.Forexample,LiMing,afarmerinSichuanProvince,nowsellshisorganicteaonline.In2022,hissalesincreasedby150%comparedtowhenhereliedonlocalmarkets.Thistrendhasalsocreatednewjobs.Youngpeoplewhopreviouslymigratedtocitiesarereturningtotheirvillagestoworkas"rurale-commerceentrepreneurs."Theyhelpolderfarmerssetuponlinestores,managelogistics,andpromoteproductsthroughlive-streaming.However,challengesremain.Poorinternetinfrastructureinremoteareasslowsdowntransactions,andmanyfarmerslackdigitalliteracy.Additionally,competitionfromlargerbrandsoftenpushessmall-scaleproducersoutofthemarket.Toaddresstheseissues,theChinesegovernmenthaslaunchedinitiativessuchasbuilding5Gtowersinruralareasandprovidingfreetrainingprogramsforfarmers.Asaresult,rurale-commercesalesinChinareached2.17trillionyuan(about$300billion)in2023,a12%increasefromthepreviousyear.Howhase-commercebenefitedfarmerslikeLiMing?Whataretwochallengesfacedbyrurale-commerceinChina?Howhasthegovernmentrespondedtothesechallenges?Inyouropinion,cane-commercesolveruralpovertyindevelopingcountries?Explainyouranswer.SectionE:DataInterpretation(20points)Directions:Studythechartbelowandanswerthequestions.Chart:GlobalRenewableEnergyConsumption(2010–2023)YearSolarEnergy(TWh)WindEnergy(TWh)Hydroelectric(TWh)20101003403,30020152508303,60020207001,5904,00020231,1002,1004,200Source:InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)Whichrenewableenergysourcehasgrownthefastestbetween2010and2023?Supportyouranswerwithdata.Whatmightexplaintheslowergrowthofhydroelectricenergycomparedtosolarandwind?SectionF:VocabularyandTerminology(30points)Directions:MatcheachterminColumnAwithitsdefinitioninColumnB.ColumnA21.Democracy22.Inflation23.Biodiversity24.Imperialism25.SocialinequalityColumnBA.TheunequaldistributionofresourcesandopportunitiesinasocietyB.AsystemofgovernmentwherepowerisheldbythepeoplethroughelectionsC.ThevarietyofplantandanimalspeciesinaparticularhabitatD.Thepolicyofextendingacountry’spowerthroughcolonizationormilitaryforceE.AgeneralincreaseinpricesandfallinthepurchasingvalueofmoneySectionG:CriticalThinking(40points)Directions:Analyzethefollowingstatementandrespondtothequestions.Statement:"Socialmediahasmadetheworldmoreconnectedbutlessempathetic."Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Providetworeasonstosupportyourview.Howmightexcessiveuseofsocialmediaaffectface-to-facecommunicationskills?AnswerKey(ForTeacherUseOnly)SectionA:MultipleChoiceB2.B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.B8.C9.BSectionB:ShortAnswerQuestions(SampleAnswers)10.Technologyhasrevolutionizedcommunicationthroughsmartphonesandsocialmedia.Forexample,appslikeWhatsAppallowinstantmessagingglobally,whilevideocallsonZoomhavereplacedin-personmeetingsforworkandeducation.11.Climatechangereferstolong-termshiftsintemperatureandweatherpatterns.Burningfossilfuels(e.g.,coal,oil)releasescarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthattrapsheatintheatmosphere,causingglobalwarming.12.TheUNpromotespeace,cooperation,andhumanrights.Forexample,itleadsinternationaleffortstocombatclimatechangethroughagreementsliketheParisAgreement,signedby196countries.13.Socialmediamobilizespoliticalmovementsbyspreadinginformationquickly.Duringthe2011ArabSpring,platformslikeTwitterandFacebookhelpedprotestersorganizeralliesandsharenewscensoredbygovernments.SectionC:EssayQuestion(SampleEssay)GovernmentsshouldprioritizesolvingEarth’sproblemsoverspaceexploration.Whilespaceresearchinspiresinnovation,issueslikepovertyandclimatechangerequireurgentattention.Forinstance,investinginrenewableenergycouldreducecarbonemissionsandcreatejobs.Criticsarguespaceexplorationleadstotechnologicalbreakthroughs,butthesebenefitsarelong-term.Earth’scrisesdemandimmediateactiontoprotectcurrentandfuturegenerations.SectionD:CaseStudyAnalysis(SampleAnswers)15.E-commerceallowedLiMingtoselldirectlytoconsumers,increasinghissalesby150%andavoidingmiddlemenwhopreviouslyreducedhisprofits.16.Challengesincludepoorinternetinfrastructureinremoteareasandfarmers’lackofdigitalliteracy.17.Thegovernment