2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試卷二（北京卷）

本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r長100分鐘

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題L5份，共15份）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上

將該選項涂黑。

(2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一模)

IglancedtomyleftandrightwsIgatreadyatthestartingline.Thesightofotherpetitorswhohadconfident

andfiercelookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore___1___thanbefore.

set...urmark,getset...Go!^^shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy___2___andstarted

runningas(houghaprideofmanealinglionswereingafterme.As1ran,Icouldseetheotherpetitorscatchingup

withme.Allofasudden,Ilelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,watchingme___3___to

getup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.

“No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto___4___thisrace."Ithoughtiomyself.However,ihcpainfrommy

injurywassounbearablethatIfelttotally___5___.1reallywantedtogiveup.

Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindpetitor___6___herhandtome.

you...you...”Iwhispered___7___asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.

Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI___8___forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof

___9___.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.

EventhoughInevergotthechance(olearnhername,Iwillalwaysrememberheras(heonewhostepped

forwardtohelpmewhenIwasin10.

1.A.tiredB.confusedC.nervousD.regretful

2.A.joyB.mightC.troubleD.shame

3.A.attemptB.hesitateC.waitD.pretend

4.A.organizeB.evaluateC.appreciateD.plete

5.A.defeatedB.inspiredC.shockedD.relaxed

6.A.wavedB.extendedC.showedD.pointed

7.A.proudlyB.cautiouslyC.awkwardlyD.gratefully

8.A.movedB.fellC.bentD.looked

9.A.partnershipB.sportsmanshipC.leadershipD.friendship

10.A.angerB.doubtC.needD.silence

【答案】l.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C

【解析】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者在一次跑步比賽中，摔倒了，膝蓋的疼痛讓作者無法繼續(xù)前進。

就在作者感到絕望時，旁邊的選手停卜來，攙扶著作者走向終點線。這讓作者很是感動，并會永遠記住這

個在他需要幫助時，及時向他伸出援助之手的人。

1考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看著旁邊充滿自信且表情兇神惡煞的其他競爭者，我感到渾身起雞皮疙瘩，

我比之前更加緊張。A.tired疲憊的；B.confused困惑的；C.nervous緊張的；D.regrelful后悔的。根據(jù)前文

“Ttesightofotherpetitorswhohadconfidentandfiercelookingfacesgotmegoosebumps”可知，此處指作者看

著旁邊的人充滿自信感到更加緊張，故選C。

2考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我用盡全身力氣向前沖，盡管后面一群吃人的獅子緊跟在我后面。A.joy高興，

喜悅;B.might強大力量，威力;C.trouble困難;D.shame羞愧。根據(jù)后文“andstartedrunning”可知，此處

指我用盡全身強大的力量先前沖，故選B。

3考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:一百雙眼睛盯著我看,看我努力試圖爬起來。A.attempt企圖,努力：B.hesitate

猶像：C.wait等待：D.prelend假裝。根據(jù)前文“Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.”可知，此處指我在

賽跑時摔倒了，故努力試圖爬起來，故填A(yù)。

4考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就這樣結(jié)束了。我必須完成這次比賽”。A.organize組織;

B.evaluate評估,評價;C.appreciate欣賞，感激;D.pletc完成。根據(jù)前文“No,itcannotendlikethis.”可知，

此處指不能就這樣結(jié)束，我必須完成這次比賽，故選D。

5考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我膝蓋上的疼痛如此無法忍受，以至于我感覺很泄氣。A.defeated泄

氣的,受挫的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的;C.shocked震驚的：D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“However,thepain

frommyinjurywassounbearable”以及后文”[reallywantedtogiveup.”可知，此處指我想放棄，因此我是感覺

很泄氣的，故選A。

6考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時，一個善良的競爭者向我伸出了手。A.waved揮手；B.exl?nded延伸，

伸出;C.showed展示；D.pointed指向。根據(jù)后文“asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup”可知，此處指

她向我伸出手，故選B。

7考杳副詞詞義辨析。句意：當我抓住她的手，她把我拉起來的時候，我感激地說著“謝謝你:A.proudly

驕傲地；B.cautiously謹慎地；C.awkwardly尷尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根據(jù)前文“akindpetitor6her

handtome.”可知，此處指我很感激那個向我伸出手的競爭者，因此是感激地說著謝謝，故選D。

8考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她把肩膀借給我支撐，我向前移動。A.moved移動；B.fell摔，落；C.bent

彎腰；D.looked看。根據(jù)后文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.”可知，此處指我支撐著她的肩膀，

向終點線移動，故選A。

9考杳名詞詞義辨析。句意：觀眾為這種杰出的體育精神而歡呼。A.partnership合伙，合作關(guān)系；B.

sportsmanship體育精神；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能；D.friendship友誼。根據(jù)前文“Together,bothofuscrossedthe

finishingline.”可知，此處指我在比賽中摔倒了，旁邊的人扶著我走向終點，這是一種體育精神，故選B。

10考查名詞詞義辨析<>句意：盡管我不知道她的名字，但我將永遠記得她，因為她是在我有需要時，走上

前來幫助我的那個人。A.anger怒氣;Bdoubt疑惑;C.need需要;D.silence沉默。根據(jù)前文“Outofdespair,

Igazedupatthefinishingline.Just:hen,akindpetitor6herhandtome.”可知，此處指她在我需要幫助時,

向我伸出了援助之手，故選C。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分洪15分)

(2023屆北京市東城區(qū)高三一模)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Onaparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftraining

wheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids11(spot)Mykelshaklycontrollinghisbike,theyracedover

12(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashe

triedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsare13(easy)saidthandone.However,

withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!

【答案】11.spotted12.tohelp13.easier

【解析】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述Mykel學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車時得到周圍孩子的幫助的故事。

11考查一般過去時。句意：當鄰居的孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)Mykel搖搖晃晃地控制著他的自行車時，他們跑過去幫忙。

根據(jù)上文的時間狀語“Onaparlicularsunnyday”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用

一般過去時，故填spottedo

is:absolutelynot.Whilethereare“types”ofpoemthatofferstructuretoserve19aguide,therealityis

thatpoetrydocstfthavetofollowasetofrules—it'smuchmoreaboutconveyingafeeling,andthatopensupalot

ofcreative20(free)forustoexplore.

【答案】18.initially19.as20.freedom

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了寫詩讓人害怕的原因，并解釋道，詩歌不需要遵循“死板”的規(guī)

則。

18考查副詞。句意：一開始寫詩的想法可能會讓人害怕——你是否需要遵循某種結(jié)構(gòu)，它是否需要押韻，

或者你是否需要背誦一本字典來成為一個“合適的”詩人？分析句子可知，空處去掉后不影響理解，故需要填

副詞的形式作狀語。故填initially。

19考查固定短語。句意：雖然有一些“類型”的詩歌提供了結(jié)構(gòu)作為指導(dǎo)，但現(xiàn)實是，詩歌并不一定要遵循

一套規(guī)則。固定短語serveas表示“用作；充當；作為”，符合句意。故填as。

20考查名詞。句意：它更多的是傳達一種感覺，這為我們開辟了許多創(chuàng)作的自由，供我們探索。crealive為

形容詞表示“創(chuàng)新的；創(chuàng)作的“，alolof表示“很多”，故空處需要填名詞。故填freedom。

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題，每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

(2023屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三一模)

TheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)YouthForumisanannualinitiativeofthePresidentofthe

Council.IthasdevelopedintoakeyplatformwhereyoungpeoplecancontributetopolicydiscussionsattheUnited

Nations(UN).Thisyear'sYouthFonimwilltakeplacefrom25to27April.2023.

?Objectives

TheForumaimstoengageyoungpeopleinadialoguewithMemberStates,policymakersandotheractorsto

voicetheirviewsandinspireactionsonhowtotransformtheworldintoabetterplaceguidedby(heSustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Participantswillalsohavetheopportunitytocontributetothepreparatoryprocessof

theSDGSummit.

The2023ForumwilladdressthelliuniuonspeedingupUtrecoveryfromtheCOVID19andthefull

implementation（實施）ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Itwillalsoreviewprogressintheareas

ofaffordableandcleanenergy,andsustainablecitiesandmunitics,etc.

?Format

Thethreedayeventwillfeatureplenary（全體出J常的）sessionsandregionallybaseddiscussions,withthelast

daydesignedforthepreparationofthe2023SDGSummit.Talentedyouthspeakerswilldelivershortpresentations

inbetweensessions.

Participationin（heForumisbyinvitationonly.TheyouthparticipantsareselectedbyNationalYouth

Councils,regionalyouthorganizations,etc.

Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforinpersonandvirtualparticipation.

Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.

?Thevoicesfromlastyear'sparticipants

2022ForumParticipantsTakeaway!2022ForumParticipants5Advice!

“TheYouthForumgavemetlicopportunityto“Usingsourcestheteamprovideswillincreasethe

discovertheskillsrequiredtomasterpublicspeaking.efficiencyandeffectivenessofpletingtasks.Ialso

Thetimemanagementischallengingbutwefinishedstronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone's

alltasksevenwithatightschedule/'differentopinionsfromanobjectivepointofview.”

21.TheECOSOCYouthForum2023will.

A.discusstheglobalrecoveryissueB.selecttheyouthleadersfortheUN

C.setgoalsforsustainabledevelopmentD.gatheryoungpeopletobuildaplatform

22.Accordingto（hepassage,（heyoungparticipantscan.

A.registertojoinintheForumpersonallyB.givebriefspeechesinplenarysessions

C.takepartintheeventonlineandofflineD.attendtheSDGSummitaftertheForum

23.Whatistheadvicefrom2022participants?

A.Tobewillingtoconsidervariousvoices.B.Tomaketimearrangementsatoppriority.

C.Tomasterpublicspeakingskillsinadvance.D.Tobeefficientwiththehelpofpolicymakers.

【答案】21.A22.C23.A

【解析】本文是篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了即將舉辦的2023年ECOSOC青年論壇的相關(guān)信息和內(nèi)容。

21細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The2023Forutnwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfiomthe

COVID19andthefullimplementation（實施）ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.（2023年論壇的

主題是加快從2019冠狀病毒中復(fù)蘇和全面落實2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年論壇

將會討論全球從新冠病毒中復(fù)蘇的問題。故選A。

22細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingfbropportunitiesforinpersonand

virtualparticipation.Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.”（該活動將以一種混合的方

式舉行，允許面對面和虛擬參與的機會，參與者還可以通過社交媒體提問）可知，參加者可以在線上和線

下參加這次活動。故選C。

23沏節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Ialsostronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone'sdifferentopinions

fromanobjectivepointofview."（我還強烈建議他們從客觀的角度聽取每個人的不同意見）可知，2022年的

參加者還建議該活動愿意聽取各種不同的聲音，考慮各方面不同的意見。故選A。

B

（2023屆北京市豐臺區(qū)高三一模）

ThiswasthefirstmunicationthathadcfromherauntinJessie'slifetime.

UIthinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast/*herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.

Jessielookedfirstaltheautograph（簽名）.Ilseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.Therewasalikeness

behveenheraunt'sautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessandprecision.IfJessiehadbeen

educatedfiftyyearsearlier,shemighthavewrittenhernameinjustthatmanner.

“You'reverylikeherinsomeways,"herfathersaid,asshestillstaredattheautograph.

“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewaslike,dear,“shesaid.4tHowmanyyearsis

itsinceyoulastsawher?”

“Morethanfbrty,^^herfathersaid."Wcdisagreed.Wcinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealwayspridedherselfon

beingsomodern.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,Iadmit.”

“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme.^^Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedherhead.Shewas

excitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.Sometimesshehad

wonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeenafigmenl（虛構(gòu)）ofherfather'simagination.

Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfast（ablewasadmirableincharacter.Therewassomethingof

intoleranceexpressedinitstone.Itwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldher.

Mr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh

“Yes,yes;shewantstoseeyou,mydear,“hesaid.“I'veheardshehassetupaschoolandhelpedmany

youngsters.Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtostaywithher.Ifshetookafancytoyou,youcouldgeta

bettereducation…”

weakness...gain,andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpastweakness...

25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?

A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.B.Ilwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.

C.Ilgottenserdueloamisunderstanding.D.Ilwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.

26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas.

A.eagertomeetheraunt.B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation

C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily.D.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninterestinher

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Jessie,sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.D.Jessie'saunt'spersonalityseemedtochangealot.

C.Jessieandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.D.Jessie'sfatherfeltsonyfbrwhathehaddone.

【答案】24.B25.A26.D

【解析】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者的姑姑與父親因為分歧，多年未見面。父親收到了姑姑的來信，

父親很悔恨，并打算將作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。

24推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thiswasthefirstmunicationtha:hadefromherauntinJessie'slifetime.（這是

Jessie生命中第一次與姑姑的聯(lián)系。）”以及文章第六段“"Morethanforty,“herfathersaid."Wedisagreed.We

invariablydisagreed.（父親說道：“四十多年了。我們有分歧，我們總是有分歧戶可知，作者的父親和姑姑

已經(jīng)四十多年沒見面了，故他們的關(guān)系在年輕的時候就破裂了,故選B。

25細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第五段“Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehad

sooftenheardabout.（一想到能見到這個她經(jīng)常聽說的神奇的姑姑，她就激動不已。）”可知，Jessie很渴望見

到姑姑，故選A。

26細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hesighedagain,andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehzwas

regrettinghisownpastweakness...（父親再次嘆氣，dJessie知道，父親已經(jīng)為自己過去的軟弱后悔了幾百次

了……戶可知，作者的父親為之前的軟弱感到悔恨，因此父親是為之前的所做的事情感動后悔，故選D。

C

（2022屆北京市順義區(qū)高三一模）

ithasalwaysbeenhorribleformetopicturemylifeinoldage.Myrecentvisitstotheseniorcarecenter.

hov/cvcr,casedsomeofmyfearsandprovidedvaluablefoodforthought.

Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigneduptoaprogramofartsand

craftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.IwasinformedthattheRenciNursingHome,wheretheprogram

wouldbeheld,housedsomeofthelessfortunateelderlyinSingapore.Somebackgroundresearchgavemethe

impressionthatmanyofthemsuffersdfromphysicalissuesandhadlittlefamilysupport.Asaresult,Iexpected(he

atmospheretheretobediscouraging.And,judgingbythelackofinterestinthepaintingactivities,Itrulysenseda

feelingofpurposelessnessthere.Giventhatwcliveinasocietyinwhichthebondsbetweenthegenerationsarc

weakening,perhapsthedisappointingatmosphereinthehomewasn'lsurprising.Thepeoplewerecutofffromthe

tiesthatmakelifemeaningful.

Isitsafetosaythenthatourlivesafterretirementwilllikelyfeelaimless?ButafterIspoketoa

PortugucscChincscman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn'tnecessarilyso.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisingly

strongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptionalamong(heelderlypopulationinthehome.He

hadspenthislifeeithertravelingarcundtheworldasabackpacker,orworkinghardinSingaporetosaveupfbrhis

trips.HehadmadeitaruletolearnIbreignlanguages,exerciseandeathealthily-somethinghecontinued(odo

duringhisstayinthenursinghome.

WhilehespoketomeabouthowhistimeinLondonhadshapedhisviewofculturaldifference.Ilookedinto

hiseyes.IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatIwantedformyself.Idon'twanttospendhalfofmy

timewanderingaboutinforeigncountrieslikehedid,butIdowanttoappreciatetherichnessthatlifehastooffer.

27.WhydidtheauthorgototheRenciNurseiyHome?

A.Becauseitwasrunbyhisschoolmates.B.Becausehemeanttolearnartsandcrafts.

C.Becausehewantedasignificantweekend.D.Becauseithousedsomelessfortunateelderly.

28.Beforetheauthorenteredihenursinghome,hethoughtitwas.

A.aplacefilledwithdepressionsB.aplacesolvingphysicalproblems

C.aplacefullofimpressiveactivitiesD.aplaceconnectingdifferentgenerations

29.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehisattitudetowardoldage?

A.Thehardworkoftheelderly.B.Thelivelinessofanoldman.

C.Theviewofculturaldifference.D.Thecareofthenursinghome.

30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CaringfortheElderly.B.LivingbyHisOwnLaw.

C.TravelingonOurWayD.PreparingfortheOldAge.

【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者想象自己晚年的生活會是一件可怕的事，然而，在去了老年護

理中心以后，緩解了恐懼并對生活充滿了感激。

27細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Lookingfbrmeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigned

uptoaprogramofartsandcraftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.（考試后，為了尋找有意義的方式來度

過我的周末，我報名參加了一個由我的同學(xué)為老年人開辦的藝術(shù)和手工藝項目）”可知，作者去theRenci

Nurserj-Home是為了尋找有意義的方式來度過周末。故選Co

28細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句"Asaresult,Iexpectedthealmospheretherelobediscouraging.（因此，我

預(yù)計那里的氣氛會是令人沮喪的）”可知，作者在進入養(yǎng)老院之前，認為那里的氣氛是令人沮喪的。故選A。

29細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DutafterIspoketoaPortugueseChineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn'ttnecessarily

so.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptional

amongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.（但當我和一個葡萄牙華裔男子交談后，我覺得情況并非如此。在

90歲的時候，他表現(xiàn)出了一種令人驚訝的強烈的生活控制感。他在這個家里的老年人中特別活潑）”可知，

是一個活潑的90歲老年人讓作者改變了他對老年的態(tài)度。故選B。

30主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了作者在養(yǎng)老院遇到一位90高齡，但仍然充滿活力的老人，結(jié)合

第三段“Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.（在90歲的時候,他表

現(xiàn)出了?種令人驚訝的強烈的生活控制感）”和最后?段“IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatI

wantedformyself.（我知道這就是我想要的那種對生活的控制）”可知，老人對生活的控制，即“做自己人生

的主人”，這種生活態(tài)度讓作者推崇備至，這也是作者想表達的主題，所以B項“按自己的法則牛.活”是最佳

標題。故選B。

D

（2023屆北京市石景山區(qū)一模）

Manyofusmayexperiencedinncrtablcdebates.Onemonsceneplaysoutasfollows.Youwanttoconvincea

friendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthrough

yourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?You

mightdismissthepersonwhodoesn'tagreewithyourargumentsasnarrowminded,foolishorotherwiseoutof

touchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefuseto

follow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊惱）.

Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearch

demonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthat

frustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon'tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealso

explainswhy,whendebatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainonce

wrote,**Inallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsarcinsane（愚蠢的）Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreported

threetimesasmanyreasonswhyothers5faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortings.Itistruethat

othersarenotalwaysopentoyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinan

overheateddebate,yourfatiguemayleadyoutomisinterpretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoo

stupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsand

protectingyourrelationships.

Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.

Psychologistscallthis“moralreframing.^^Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesof

thepeopleyou'retalkingto—tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey'reingfrom,evenifyoudon'tagree一may

leadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.

Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazerosurnstruggle-thatyouwinif,

andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou'rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofind

thetruth—lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherby

viewingitfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandthe

otherperson's.

Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailto

seewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue—andhowwe

contributetoit—mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthosewelovebehind.

31.Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey.

A.tryinvaintoconvinceothersB.misinterpretothcrs,reasoning

C.adoptothcrs,viewsunwillinglyD.trytopersuadenarrowmindedpeople

32.Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?

A.Onecan'tsticktohispointofview.B.Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.

C.Onecan'tgettotherootoffaileddebates.D.Onefeelsinpetentforfurtherarguments.

33.WhydocstheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?

A.Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers'mind.B.Tbconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.

C.Toexplainthereasonforone'sendinganargumentD.Tosupporttheideaofone'stendencytoblame

others.

34.Whichistheremendedsolutioncomanagingpersuasionfatigue?

A.Seeingadebateasazerosumgame.B.Makinganeffortformonground.

C.Shiftingthetopictolowerothers'defenses.D.Rcframingpointsbasedonone'sownvalues.

【答案】31.A32.C33.D34.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種現(xiàn)象——說服疲勞，分析了其產(chǎn)生的原因，并介紹了解

決的方法。

31細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Youwanttoconvinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowthey

maydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.

Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn'tagreewithyour

argumentsasnarrowminded,foolishorotherwiseou（oftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeellike

tryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasion

fatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊惱）.（你想說服你的朋友或家人，你知道他們可能不同意，你分享

信息，并與他們解釋你的理由。盡管如此，他們還是拒絕了你的申請。當你的說服力失效時，你會作何反

應(yīng)？你可能會認為不同意你觀點的人心胸狹窄、愚蠢或與現(xiàn)實脫節(jié)。整個經(jīng)歷可能就像在別人拒絕跟隨的

時候試圖引導(dǎo)他們旅行。心理學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了一個術(shù)語，說服疲勞，來描述這種形式的懊惱。戶可知，說服疲勞

指的是當你盡力說服對方，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一切努力都是徒勞的時候所產(chǎn)生的懊惱感。故選A。

32細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Pastresearchdemonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistantto

changingyourmind.Italsoshowsthatfrustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon't

succeed.（過去的研究表明，感到沮喪會讓你更不愿意改變主意。它還表明，沮喪可能會降低你認識到為什么

你的論點不成功的能力。）“可知，這種沮喪感會讓你不愿意改變主意，也會讓你無法認清自己的說服不成功

的真實的原因。故選C。

33推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中所引用的馬克?吐溫所說的話的前一句"Persuasionfatiguealsoexplainswhy,when

debatesbreakdown,peoplelendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.（說服疲勞也解釋了為什么當辯論破裂

時，人們傾向于指責(zé)他們的對話對手。）”以及馬克?吐溫所說的話“Inallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsare

insane（愚蠢的）.（在所有的觀點問題上，我們的對手都是愚蠢的）“可知，作者引用馬克?吐溫所說的話是為了論

證自己的觀點，也就是當辯論不成功時，人們傾向于指責(zé)自己的談話對方。故選D。

34推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Buisometimesyou'rebetterofTseeinganargumentasacooperativeeffortto

findthetruth—lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.（但有時，你最好把爭論看作是一種

尋找真相的合作努力，而不是像憤怒的鄰居為他們的財產(chǎn)線而爭吵一樣。）''可知，在處理說服疲勞時，我們

可以把爭論視作尋找共同點。故選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

（2023屆北京市石景山區(qū)一模）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有項為多余選項。

Adultsarcoftenembarrassedaboutaskingfbraid.It'sanactthatcanmakepeoplefedemotionally

unsafe.35Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourinpctence.

Newresearchsuggestsyoungchildrendon'tseekhelpinschool,evenwhentheyneedit,fbrthesamereason.

Untilrecently,psychologistsassumedthatchildrendidnotstarttocareabouttheirreputationandtheirfriends'

thoughtsaboutthemuntilaroundagenine.

Buiourresearchsuggeststhatasearlyasageseven,childrenbegintoconnectaskingforhelpwithlooking

inpetenlinfrontofothers.Atsomepoint,everychildstrugglesintheclassroom.36

Tolearnmoreabouthowchildrenthinkaboutreputation,wecreatedsimplestoriesandthenaskedchildren

questionsaboutthesesituationstoallowkidstoshowcasetheirthinking.

Acrossseveralstudies,wcasked576children,agesfourtonine,topredictthebehavioroftwokidsinastory.

Oneofthecharactersgenuinelywantedtobesmart,andtheothermerelywantedtoseemsmarttoothers.Inone

study,wetoldchildrenthatbothkidsdidpoorlyonatest.37Thefouryearoldswereequallylikelyto

chooseeitherof（hetwokidsastheonewhowouldseekhelp.Butbyagesevenoreight,childrenthoughtthatthe

kidwhowantedtoseemsmartwouldbelesslikelytoaskfbrassistance.Andchildren'sexpectationsweretruly

44reputationar,innaturetheywerespecificallythinkingabouthowthecharacterswouldactinfrontofothers.When

assistancecouldbesoughtprivately（onaputerratherthaninperson）,childrenthoughtbothcharacterswere

equallylikelytoaskforit.

38