黑龍江2025自考[老年醫(yī)學與健康]英語（二）客觀題專練一、單項選擇題（共10題，每題1分）1.Intheelderlypopulation,whichofthefollowingdiseasesismostcommonlyassociatedwithosteoporosis?A.ArthritisB.OsteoarthritisC.RheumatoidarthritisD.Osteosarcoma2.VitaminDplaysacrucialroleinelderlyhealthby:A.StrengtheningtheimmunesystemB.ImprovingcognitivefunctionC.EnhancingbonedensityD.Reducinginflammation3.WhatistheprimarypurposeofannualhealthscreeningsforseniorsinHeilongjiangProvince?A.TodiagnoseterminaldiseasesB.TopreventchronicconditionsC.ToprescribemedicationsD.Toperformsurgery4.Hypertensionintheelderlyisoftenmanagedby:A.High-sodiumdietsB.Low-intensityexerciseC.ExcessivecaffeineintakeD.Avoidingantihypertensivedrugs5.Theelderly-friendlycommunityinitiativein哈爾濱(Harbin)focuseson:A.IncreasingurbandensityB.ProvidingspecializedmedicalservicesC.ReducinggreenspacesD.Encouraginghigh-riseliving6.Dementiaischaracterizedby:A.SuddenmemorylossB.NormalcognitivedeclineC.MildcognitiveimpairmentD.Rapidcognitivedeterioration7.Whichnutritionaldeficiencyismostprevalentinelderly黑龍江residentsduetolimitedsunlightexposure?A.IronB.CalciumC.VitaminB12D.Zinc8.TheelderlycareinsurancesysteminChinaaimsto:A.ReplacetraditionalfamilysupportB.ReducemedicalcostsforseniorsC.EliminateallhealthcareservicesD.Increasehealthcaretaxes9.Physicaltherapyfortheelderlyinrural黑龍江oftenfocuseson:A.RehabilitationaftersurgeryB.MaintainingmobilityC.CorrectingdentalissuesD.Improvingvision10.TheelderlymentalhealthpolicyinChinaemphasizes:A.IsolationfromsocietyB.Community-basedcareC.Hospital-basedtreatmentonlyD.Minimalgovernmentintervention二、多項選擇題（共5題，每題2分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecommonriskfactorsforfrailtyintheelderly?A.MalnutritionB.ChronicdiseasesC.SocialisolationD.GeneticpredispositionE.Highphysicalactivity2.Elderly-friendlyinfrastructurein黑龍江shouldinclude:A.RampsforwheelchairsB.Low-contrastsignageC.NarrowsidewalksD.Easy-to-useelevatorsE.Brightlighting3.Medicationmanagementfortheelderlyinvolves:A.PolypharmacyawarenessB.RegulardoseadjustmentsC.AvoidingherbalsupplementsD.Self-medicationpromotionE.Clearlabeling4.Chronicpainintheelderlycanbecausedby:A.ArthritisB.OsteoporosisC.NeuropathyD.MuscleatrophyE.High-fatdiets5.Elderlysocialengagementprogramsin黑龍江mayinclude:A.BookclubsB.VolunteerworkC.PhysicalfitnessclassesD.OnlinegamingE.Culturalevents三、判斷題（共10題，每題1分）1.Elderlyobesityislessofahealthconcernthanunderweightinseniors.2.Telemedicineiswidelyusedinremoteareasof黑龍江forelderlycare.3.MemoryaidssuchascalendarshelppreventAlzheimer’sdisease.4.Elderlynutritionin黑龍江focusesprimarilyonhigh-proteindiets.5.FallsaretheleadingcauseofinjuryamongtheelderlyinChina.6.Elderlydepressionisoftenmistakenfornormalaging.7.Elderlyexerciseprogramsin黑龍江emphasizestrengthtrainingoverflexibility.8.ElderlyinsuranceinChinacoversonlyurbanresidents.9.Elderlysleepdisordersarecommonlytreatedwithmedication.10.Elderlycommunitycentersin黑龍江provideonlymedicalservices.答案與解析一、單項選擇題1.C.Rheumatoidarthritis解析：Osteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松）常與Rheumatoidarthritis（類風濕關(guān)節(jié)炎）并發(fā)，尤其是在黑龍江寒冷氣候下，關(guān)節(jié)問題更突出。2.C.Enhancingbonedensity解析：VitaminD（維生素D）促進鈣吸收，對老年人骨骼健康至關(guān)重要，黑龍江日照時間短，老年人易缺乏此維生素。3.B.Preventingchronicconditions解析：年度健康篩查（如血壓、血糖檢測）有助于早期發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓、糖尿病等慢性病，黑龍江地區(qū)冬季高發(fā)此類疾病。4.B.Low-intensityexercise解析：高血壓老年人需避免劇烈運動，黑龍江氣候寒冷，低強度運動（如散步）更安全。5.B.Providingspecializedmedicalservices解析：哈爾濱等城市推行老年友好政策，重點是為老年人提供便捷的醫(yī)療和康復服務。6.D.Rapidcognitivedeterioration解析：Dementia（癡呆癥）表現(xiàn)為認知能力快速下降，而非正常老化。7.B.Calcium解析：黑龍江冬季日照少，老年人易缺乏維生素D，進而影響鈣吸收。8.B.Reducemedicalcostsforseniors解析：中國養(yǎng)老保險政策旨在減輕老年人醫(yī)療負擔，黑龍江地區(qū)醫(yī)療費用較高，政策對此有針對性。9.B.Maintainingmobility解析：農(nóng)村老年人康復需求大，物理治療以維持行動能力為主。10.B.Community-basedcare解析：中國政策鼓勵社區(qū)養(yǎng)老，黑龍江農(nóng)村地區(qū)醫(yī)療資源有限，社區(qū)護理更實用。二、多項選擇題1.A,B,C,D解析：Malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）、Chronicdiseases（慢性?。?、Socialisolation（社會隔離）、Geneticpredisposition（遺傳易感性）均增加老年人衰弱風險。2.A,B,D,E解析：無障礙設施（如坡道、電梯）、低對比度標識、良好照明有助于老年人出行安全。3.A,B,E解析：藥物管理需注意多重用藥、劑量調(diào)整和清晰標簽，避免自行用藥。4.A,B,C,D解析：關(guān)節(jié)炎、骨質(zhì)疏松、神經(jīng)病變、肌肉萎縮均可能導致慢性疼痛。5.A,B,C,E解析：哈爾濱等地的老年活動多包括讀書、志愿服務、健身和文化活動，網(wǎng)絡游戲較少。三、判斷題1.錯誤解析：肥胖增加老年人代謝負擔，比消瘦更危險。2.正確解析：黑龍江農(nóng)村地區(qū)醫(yī)療資源不足，遠程醫(yī)療可提高服務可及性。3.錯誤解析：記憶輔助工具可延緩記憶衰退，但不能預防癡呆。4.錯