專題10主謂一致

知識(shí)串講+習(xí)題100道

，彳法技巧一

概念

主謂一致指謂語動(dòng)詞（包括系動(dòng)詞）在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致。在解題過程中既要考慮謂語動(dòng)

詞或系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用那種時(shí)態(tài)，又要考慮使用單發(fā)數(shù)的問題。比如我們一起來觀察卜面兩個(gè)選自高考語法

填空題中的句子：

1.In1969,（hepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It（be）

unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.

我們看到主語it立刻可以確定be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式，再觀察前一句時(shí)間狀語為in1969可以確定時(shí)態(tài)

為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，得U；was這個(gè)答案。

2.Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaregoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.

Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody

（have）toworryaboutfashion.

先去掉when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，得到主語是nobody的結(jié)論，且為單數(shù)，觀察前后兩句時(shí)態(tài)均為一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)態(tài)，綜合分析得出答案has。

主謂一致的定義個(gè)三大原則

主謂一致是句子主語和謂語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”方面保持一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則、

意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

（一）語法一致原則

主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，

謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

①Hisfatherisworkingon（hefarm.（單數(shù)名詞作主語）

②TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語）

③Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.（名詞性從句作主語）

④Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.（復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語）

⑤Readinginthesun這badforyoureyes.（動(dòng)名詞作主語）

（2）當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas?nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,

but.except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、.復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)

而定。例如：

?Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.

老師和同學(xué)們都很興奮。

②IthinkTom,ratherthanyouwantstoplaybasketball.

我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是想去打籃球。

③Theheadmaster,alongwithhisteachers,waspresentatthemeetingyesterday.

這個(gè)校長和他的老師都參加了昨天會(huì)議

（3）and,bolh...and…連接兩個(gè)不同的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

?MikeandSuearealwaysplayingputergames.

邁克和休總是打電腦游戲。

注意：如果and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的

整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

①Thewriterandteacherisintroducinghisnewbook.

這位教師兼作家正在推銷他的新書。

（4）在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞thal,who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

E.g.Heisoneofinyfriendswhoareworkinghard.

在定語從句中，若先行詞為oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若先行詞為theonlyoneof+

復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

E.g.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.（先彳亍詞是friends）

E.g.HeisLhuonlyoneofniyfriendswhoisworkinghard.（所以先行詞是one）

（5）“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each,every,no所修飾的名詞作主語

時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。

①M(fèi)anyagoodstudenthasbeendestroyedbyputergames.

許多好學(xué)生都?xì)г诹穗娔X游戲上。

②Everyboyandeverygirlwantstoplaysmartphones.

每個(gè)男生和女生都想玩手機(jī)。

【小叮嚀】

★若each在句中作同位語，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

E.g.Eachofuslikessingingthissong.

E.g.Weeachlikesingingthissong.

★若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)

詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。

E.g.Noneofushas（have）beentoAmerica.

★在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有"of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）"作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用愛數(shù)。

E.g.Neitherof（hetextsis（are）interesting.

（二）意義一致原則

意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

（1）集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成整體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，

謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有family,class,team,group,public,mittee,government,audience等。

?Almosteveryfamilyinthecountryownsacar.

這個(gè)國家?guī)缀跫壹叶加幸惠v汽車。

②Myfamilyarecrazyaboutsinging.

我們一家人都酷愛唱歌。

注意：形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police,people等集合名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

①Thepolicearetryingtheirbesttoprotectourcountry.

警察正在盡自己最大努力保護(hù)我們的國家。

（2）“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于。f后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示

的意義；all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。

（CThreefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.

地球上四分之三的地方被水覆蓋。

②7（）percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.

百分之七十的人知道這個(gè)真相。

（3）“the+形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞月復(fù)數(shù)形式。

①Theyoungneedtocarefortheold.

年輕人需要照顧老人。

（4）Aquantityof后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。后接不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

①Alargequantityofcleanwateriswastedeveryday..

②Aquantityofbeerareconsumedinthecityeveryyear.

（5）“anumberof+狂數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù):數(shù)形式，“thenumberof+更數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，

謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

?Anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.

②Thenumberofthepeoplewhoknowthesecretisverylimited.

（6）表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

①Tenyearsisquitealongtime.

②15milesseemslikealongwalktome.

③30dollarsistoohighapricefor（hebook.

位跟蹤訓(xùn)練.

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.ItisImyparentswhotoblamefortheaccident.

A.ratherthan;areB.ratherthan;amC.morethan;amD.morethan;are

2.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,ontheprojectdayandnighttomeet

thedeadline.

A.workB.working

C.isworkingD.areworking

3.—Howoftenyourschoolsportsmeeting?

—Onceayear.

A.does;holdB.was;holdC.is;heldD.did;hold

4.—Whatdidthephysicsteacheraskustodowiththematerials?

—Sorry,Ididn'thearherclearly.Iwithafriendonthephone.

A.chattedB.waschattingC.willchatD.amchatting

5.Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,famousforthose

works.

A.isB.arcC.hadbeenD.were

6.Expertssaythisbadv/eatherlikeheavyrainandcontinuousdroughtdueto

climatechange.

A.haveoccurredB.hasbeenoccurred

C.havebeenoccurredD.hasoccuiTed

7.Thewarmsunshinethatspringising.

A.announcesB.announcedC.announcingD.announce

8.—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheAsianGamestobeheldinHangzhou?

—Prettywell.Themediaitinavarietyofforms.

A.coverB.willcoverC.havecoveredD.hascovered

9.patienceneededinfishing.

A.Many;areB.Alargeamountsof;is

C.Plentyof;areD.Agreatdealof;is

10.Peoplesitunfortablyonplasticchairs,readingoldmagazines,havebeen

readhundredsoftimespreviously.

A.allofthemB.allofwhichC.eachofthemD.eachofwhich

11.Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairportthatitwillbringa

lotofjobstothearea.

A.isB.areC.willbeD.were

12.Theirclassmuchlargerthanoursandtheirclassfondofdancingand

singing.

A.is；areB.are；isC.are；areD.is；is

13.Mybrotherwantstobuythatkindofputerbecausehethatitworkswell.

A.wastoldB.hastoldC.hadbeentoldD.hasbeentold

14.Artiseverywherearoundus.Look!Beautifulworksofartonthatbuilding.

A.ispaintingB.isbeingpainted

C.arepaintingD.arebeingpainted

15.AtthattimetwoimportantplayersabigproblemforLangPing.

A.tolose;isB.losing;was

C.lose;wasD.losing;is

16.Whenthequestionsonmymind,Idon'tdoubtI'vedoneagoodjob.

A.getsanswered,thatB.getanswering,whether

C.getanswered,thatD.getsanswering,whether

17.Manyaquarrelthroughamisunderstanding.

A.haseacrossB.haseaboutC.haveeoutD.haveeup

18.Mr.Wangwastheonlyoneofthemostteacherswhopraisedon

Teachers*Day.

A.inspiring;wasB.inspired;wasC.inspiring;wereD.inspired;were

19.Theprincess'hatwasreallyfancy,whichwithgoldandjewels.

A.decoratedB.decoratesC.wasdecoratedD.wasdecorating

20.Therearemanydictionarieshere,butwhichoneyou?

A.isbelongingtoB.isbelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongs

21.Thrccfburthsofthehomework.

A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished

C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished

22.Readingnewspapersandmagazineswhatmyfatherenjoysmost.

A.isB.wasC.arcD.havebeen

23.Morethanonecityactivitiestopaytributeto（向....致敬）thefrontline

workerstofightingagainstCovid19.

A.haveorganized;devotedB.hasorganized;devoting

C.haveorganized;devotingD.hasorganized;devoted

24.Thefamousmusician,alongwithhisstudents,toperformattheopening

ceremonyofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.

A.wereinvitedB.wasinvited

C.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited

25.Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,interestedintheactivities.

A.wasB.isC.areD.were

26.Manycattlesufferingfromtheterriblediseaseatthattime.

A.areB.wereC.isD.was

27.Thisistheverypersonwhomthiswatch.

A.issaidtobelongB.belongsto

C.isbelongedtoD.issaid

28.Theconcertworldasawholeisincrisis,butjazz,oneofthemostvulnerabletypes

onliveperformance,isespeciallyontheedge.

A.whichdependsB.whichdependC.thatdependD.asdepends

29.AnewkindofPCwithmorefunctions.

A.havebeenbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.hasbuilt

30.You,whoalwaysreadytoofferhimyourassistanceatanycriticalmoment,arca

（rue

friendindeed.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

31.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclassacceptedascandidate（候選人）for

thepresidentofourStudents'Union.

A.whowasB.whowereC.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen

32.Eventothisday,Lincolnasoneofthemostinspiringfiguresintheworld.

A.regardsB.hasregardedC.regardingD.isregarded

33.isknowntoallisthattheoutstandingacademicatmosphere,aswellasvarious

festivalsandsports,manystudentstoourschool.

A.What...drawsB.Which...drawC.It...drawD.As...draws

34.Heafilmtomorrowmorning.

A.isgoingtoseeB.willbegoingtoC.isgoingtoseeingD.wasgoingtosee

35.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.aretobeD.istobe

36.Oneinelevenchildrennotstudying.Youshouldbegratefulifyouareoneofthe

luckyonesatseniorhighschool.

A.areB.wasC.isD.were

37.SinceYuanLongpinggraduatedfromuniversity,findingwaystogrowmorerice

hislifegoal.

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen

38.Thecrimelookedintocarefullybeforehechargedwithmurder.

A./;/B./;wasC.was;/D.was;was

39.AbriefHistoryofMathematicsin1988andhasbeentranslatedintomorethan

40languageseversince.

A.waspublishedB.werepublishedC.havebeenpublishcdD.hasbeen

published

40.NeitherhisparentsnorJackwhentheyentered(heroom.

A.wasrecognisedB.wererecognisedC.isrecognisedD.arerecognized

二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子

41.Themittee(be)madeupof20members,who(be)expertsin

medicine.

42.Hisplane(take)offat8:00tomorrow.Wouldyouliketoseehimoff?

43.Ifsomethingterrible(happen)tous,don'tworry,becausesomethinggood

willfollowit.

44.ThefourcountriesthattotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.

45.Onethirdof(heclass(question)bytheteachersnow.

46.Thecamerayou(use)now(belong)tome.

47.Manyspeeches(hold)inourschoolthesedays.

48.Newfunctions(add)tothecameraatpresent.

49.Thenews(send)tothesoldier'smother.

50.Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat(suit)

everyone.

51.Chinaisacountrywhich(belong)to(hethirdworld.

52.ThenumberofstudentswhoenjoyreadingEnglishn^ws(double)thatof

thosewhopreferreadingstories.

53.Notonlyalittlegirlbutalsoadults(have)agrowingappetiteforjunkfood

nowadays.

54.Themajorityofpeopleinthetown(want)toencouragenewindustryinthe

area.

55.Everyday,hugeamountsofrubbish(produce)andahugeamountofmoney

(waste).

56.Allpossiblemeansbeentried.Everypossiblemeansbeentried.(用適

當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)

57.Whatpercentageofhisine(be)paidininetax?

58.ThepopulationofChina(be)large.And70%ofthepopulationof

China(be)farmers.

59.Itisyourattitudethat(determine)youraltitude.

60.Shecangetangryveryeasilywhenotherswithher.(agree)

61.Thelittlegirlisveryhappy,becauseshe(sell)outalltheflowers.

62.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemyorityof(hemittee

members(be)againstit.

63.What(be)thepercentageoftheunemployedinthatEuropeancountry?

64.EightypercentofthepopulationofChina(bc)farmers.

65.Eightypercentoftheworkersinthispany(bc)womcn.

66.Thereviewsaysrunningregularly(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethan

walking,cyclingorswimming.

67.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonWesternculture,andheaswellashis

assistants(be)toarrivebyair.

68.Hehasdonatedsomemoneytothosewholiveinpoverty,which(be)ofgreat

help.

69.Aboutthreefifthsofthework(be)doneyesterday.

70.Mary,whoismyfriend,aswellashersister,(study)ChineseinChinanow.

71.Weallknowthatoneof(heworld'smostpopularsports(be)football.

72.Treesandflowers(plant)everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.

73.Look!There(be)anumberofdeerplayingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.

74.Notonly(hestudentsbutalsotheteacher(wish)foraholiday.

75.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(be)againsttheplan.

—>Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents(be)againsttheplan.

76.Inthepastcentury,theoldtemple(repair)twice.

77.Thefatheraswellashiskids(discuss)wheretospendtheweekendnow.

78.BeijingOperaisaformofChineseoperawhich(bination)acting,talking,

singing,music,dancingandacrobaticstogether.

79.Gone(be)thedaysofsearchingshopaftershopfortheperfectpairofboots.

80.ItogetherwithmyfriendMichael(cycle)totheWestLaketomorrow

morning.

81.Yan'an,acity,which(locate)inNorthernShaanxiProvince,hasseengreat

progressinitstourismindustryoverthepastfewyears.

82.Large(amount)ofmoneywerespentonthemagnificentbuilding,butthepoor

werenotallowed(ohaveasingleroom.

83.Sofar,sixpeople(confirm)thattheywillattendthemeeting.

84.Thoughhe(recover)fromillness,heissoweakthathecanhardlykeep

hisfeet.

85.Avirtualchoir(able)ordinarypeopletoaddtheirvoicestothoseofother