專項(xiàng)五中考題型

重難點(diǎn)26閱讀理解之記敘文

知識(shí)梳理

1.材料特點(diǎn)

人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語(yǔ)的?？疾牧现?。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。

1.1.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞?shì)W事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長(zhǎng)和奮斗歷程等，其特

點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。

1.2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人

物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因

和后果的推測(cè)等方面著手，考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。

2.解題技巧

2.1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時(shí)應(yīng)該抓住時(shí)間線索來(lái)獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個(gè)時(shí)間做過(guò)什么，然后

通過(guò)分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。

2.2.閱讀短篇故事類材料時(shí)，同學(xué)們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時(shí)抓住每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，

設(shè)身處地地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開(kāi)想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎

刃而解。

3.滿分技巧

3.1,主旨題

解題技巧為：找主題句。應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一

句或最后一句。

32細(xì)節(jié)題

解題技巧為：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、數(shù)字等，劃出相關(guān)句子，進(jìn)行對(duì)照。

33推斷題

解題技巧為：尋找線索，悟出字里行間的意思。

3.4.猜測(cè)詞義題

解題技巧為：通過(guò)閱讀上下義，斷定該詞的真正含義。

命題趨勢(shì)

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過(guò)閱讀理解短

文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從三個(gè)或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。

文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘4050個(gè)詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說(shuō)明文，應(yīng)

用文等。

典例解析

（2022?江蘇鹽城?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Maggie,TravisandLucy'sscienceteachersetaspecialtestfbrtliem.Theyhadtoworkoutdiflerentkindsof

problemswithinlimitedtimetogetoutofalockedroom.

Forthepasthour,Maggie,TravisandLucyhadbeenlockedinsidearoomdecoratedlikeamadscieniist's

laboratory.Togethertheydecoded（破譯）asecretlanguageandsolvedadifficultmathsproblem.

Thelastchallenge,however,stoppedthem.Thekeytothedoorwastrappedinablockofice.

“Wehavetomelttheice,“Lucysaid.

“Butthere'snothinghothcrc^^^Maggieplained.

Travispulledoffhissweatshirtandwrapped（8）itaroundtheice."ThiskeepsmewarmJhereasoned.

Afewminutespassedby,buttheicedidn'tmelt.

“Isn'tclothaninsulator（隔熱材料）？“Lucyasked.Shetriedtorememberwhatshehadlearnedinscience

class."Healalwaysflowsfromwarmobjectstocoldones.Theheatintheairwillevemuallymelttheice,butwe

needtofindsomethingthatwillhelpheatmovefromtheairtotheiccmorequickly.^^

“Whataboutglass?”Maggieasked.

“Glassisalsoaninsulator.Itkeepsheatfrommoving,”Lucysaid.Thenshenoticedalargemetaltray（金屬托

盤）acrosstheroom."Thismightwork!”

Lucyputtheblockoficeontotlietray.Everybody'seyesmovedbetweentheclockandtheice.Wouldtheybe

abletofreethekeyintime?

Atlast,thekeylayinthewateronthetray.Thethreefriendsrushedoutoftheroominthelastminute.

“Wemadeit!”Travischeered.“Goodthingyoupaidattentioninscienceclass!”

1.Whatfinalchallengedidthethreefriendsneedtoplete?

A.Tosolveamathsproblem.B.Tolearnasecretlanguage.

C.lbfindtheirscienceteacher.D.Togetthekeytrappedinice.

2.WhatdoesTravismeanbysaying“Thiskeepsmewarm”?

A.Hissweatshirtcanhelpmelttheice.B.Hedislikeshissweatshirt.

C.HissweatshirtisofgoodqualityD.Hewantstotakeoffhissweatshirt

3.Whatdocstheunderlinedword'eventually“probablymean?

A.carefullyB.suddenlyC.finallyD.properly

4.What'sthebesttitleforthestory?

A.ChangingIceintoWaterB.DecoratingtheLaboratory

C.RunningawayfromtheRoomD.PreparingforaScienceClass

【短文大意】

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了瑪吉、特拉維斯和露西在科學(xué)老師的安排下，在一間上了鎖的房間，利用學(xué)過(guò)

的科學(xué)知識(shí)突破重重關(guān)卡，最終走出房間的故事。

【答案解析】

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Thelastchallenge,however,stoppedthem.Thekeytothedoorwastrappedinablockofice.**

可知，孩子們遇到的最后一個(gè)挑悔是拿到被凍在冰里的鑰匙。故選D。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Wehavetomelttheice"及"Travispulledoffhissweatshirtandwrappeditaround(he

ice.Thiskeepsmewarm,'hereasoned.”可知，孩子們想找熱的東西來(lái)融化冰，特拉維斯脫下了自己的運(yùn)動(dòng)衫，

他強(qiáng)調(diào)這件運(yùn)動(dòng)衫可以讓自己保持暖和，意在說(shuō)明這件運(yùn)動(dòng)衫同樣也可以讓冰“暖和”，可以幫助融化冰。故

選Ao

3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Heatalwaysflowsfromwarmobjectstocoldones.Theheatintheairwilleventuallymelt

thcice”可知，熱量總是從溫暖的物體流向寒冷的物體，空氣中的熱量最終會(huì)融化冰，劃線部分單詞意為“最

終地“，與finally同義。故選Co

4.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)"Theyhadtoworkoutdifferentkindsofproblemswithinlimitedtimetogetoutofalocked

3.WhendidSubeeanationalteammember?

A.In2022.B.In2020.C.In2018.D.In2015.

4.WhatisthekeytoSu'ssuccess?

A.Takinghomegoldmedals.B.Trainingharddayandnight.

C.BeingthefirsttofinishtheCab1800.D.Gettingmuchhelpfromhisteammates.

5.Whichpartisthetextprobablytakenfrominamagazine?

A.Sport.B.Travel.C.Health.D.Science.

（2022?四HI宜賓?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Dreamsreallyexist.Butinthemorningwhenyouwakeup,theyare

rcircmbcrcdjustasadrcam.Thatiswhathappenedtome.

Ialwayshadthedrcamtodance.WhenIwasyoung,Iwoulddancearoundandaroundinthefieldsof

wildflowersthatgrewinmybackyard.RealitywokemeupwhenIheardavoicesaying,"Idon'tknowwhyyoutiy

todance,Anna.Youdon'thavethetalenttobeaballerina（芭蕾舞演員）Hearingthat,Ifelltothegroundand

criedforhours.

Welivedinthecountrysidebyalake.Mymotherdidn'tlikeanythingbecauseshethoughtnothingwasever

perfectinherlife.Shedreamedofadifferentlifebutsheendeduplivinginthecountryside,farawayfromthecity

whereshebelievedherdreamswoulde（rue.

Ienjoyedhangingoutbythewater.Iusedtositthereforhoursandstareatmyreflection.Oncethewaves

came,myreflectionwouldbewashedaway,justlikemydrcamtodance.

AsIgrewolder,Ibegantorealizemydreamwasevenbornbecauseofsomethingthatwasinsideme.The

dreamIhadwasnevercaredfor,soitslowlydied.WhenIfinallywokeupfrommanyyearsofdreaming,Irealized

thatIcouldn'tonlydanceinthewildflowers.Ihadtomoveontothestage（舞臺(tái)）.

6.Whatisthewriter'sdream?

A.Tobeaballerina.B.Todanceinthefield.

C.lbliveinthecity.D.Tohelphermother.

7.WhydidAnnacryforhours?

A.Shecouldn'tsleepduringthenight.B.Shecouldn'trememberherdrcams.

C.Peopledidn'tletherdanceintheyard.D.Peopledidn'tthinkshewasgoodatdance.

8.WhatcanweknowaboutAnna'smotherfromParagraph3?

A.Sheachievedherdream.B.Shewantedtoliveinthecity.

C.Shewassatisfiedwithherlife.D.Shelikedlivinginthecountryside.

9.WhatdidAnnausuallydowhenhangingoutbythewater?

A.Dancebyherself.B.Dosomewashing.

C.Findherlostdreams.D.Watchherselfinthewater.

10.WhatdidAnnafinallydecidetodo?

A.Letherdreamdie.B.Holdontoherdream.

C.Gobacktothecountry.D.Livewithherdearmother.

（2022?貴州黔西統(tǒng)考中考真題）

NanHauserisamarinebiologist（海洋生物學(xué)家）.Oneday,shewasfilmingneartheocean（海洋）.Asitwas

required,shewentintotheoceanandswamslowlytowardsomewhales.Justthen,awhalesawher,andsuddenly

chargedat（猛沖）her.

Nanhadworkedintheoceanfor30yearsandhadneverseenanythinglikeit.Shedidn'tknowwhattodo.So,

shestayedawayfromit.Bu（（hewhalehadnoideaofwalkingaway.Just（hen,shesawsomewhalesmovingfast

towardher.Whenshelookedcloser,therewasalsoabigtigershark.ThewhaletriedhisbesttoprotectNan.Hehid

Nannexttohisface.

ThewhalepulledNanwithitshead,andswamasfastasitcouldtowardtheboat.4ijustrodethewhalefbr

about10minutes,saidNan.

ItwasnotuntilNanwassafelyin（heboatthatthewhaleslowlymovedaway.

Ayearand15dayslater,toNan'ssurprise,sheagainsawthewhalethathadsavedherlife!Nanwasonlyone

meterawayfromhimandshesawthescar（傷疤）onhishead.Shegotontheboatandputherfootinthewaterand

thewhalestayedthereforanother20minutes.Finally,Nantoldhimthesamethingshesaidlasttime:Thankyou.I

loveyou.

“Itwillalwaysbeapartofme.Itwillalwayshaveaplaceinmyheart.IhopeIcanseeitagainbecauseI

reallymissit.”

11.WhydidNangointotheocean?

A.Becauseshewasrequiredtodoso.B.Becauseshelikedtoswimintheocean

C.Becauseshewantedtoseethewhale.D.Becausethewhalewantedtoseeher.

12.HowmanyyearshadNanworkedasamarinebiologistintheocean?

A.Forafewyears.B.Fortenyears.C.Fortwentyyears.D.Forthirtyyears.

13.WhatdidNanunderstandatIasiwhenshefoundabigtigershark?

A.Thewhalewantedtofightagainst（heshark.B.Thesharkwantedtoealthewhale.

C.ThewhalewantedtoprotectNan.D.ThesharkwantedtoprotectNan.

14.HowdidNanebacktoherboa:"?

A.Thewhalekilledtheshark.B.Nanrodethewhalebacktoherboat.

C.Thesharksentherbacktoherboat.D.Nanswamasfastasshecouldtohcrboat.

15.Whatdowelearnfromthestoiy?

A.Whalesareourfriendsthatneedtobeprotecled.

B.Whalesareindangerfromwaterpollution.

C.Weshouldlearnmoreaboutwhales.

D.Whalesarehugeanimalsinthesea.

（2022?貴州遵義?統(tǒng)考中考真題）TodayisJune26th,theInternationalAntidrugDay（國(guó)際禁毒日）.When

peopletalkaboutdrugfighting,anamewillprobablyappearinourminds—LinZcxu,whoisrememberedasa

nationalheroinChina.Since1839,weChinesehavealwaysbeenfightingagreatwaragainstdrugs.

Now.PengTaizhenfromYunnanprovincehasbeensupportingtheworkofdrugfightinginherownway.

Peng'shusband,ZhangCongshun,wasanantidrugpoliceofficer.Onedayin1994,whenhewasfightingwith

agroupofdrugcriminalsandtryingtosavehispartner,hegotseriouslyinjuredanddiedlater.Penghadtoraise

theirsonsbyherself.

AHofhcrthreesonsbecamepoliceofficersaftergraduatingfromcollege.Sadly,hcryoungestson,Zhang

Ziquan,losthislifeattheageof36whilehewasworkingonadrugcaseinDecember,2020.

44Myhusbanddied,leavingmanyunfinishedthingsincrimefightingbehindhim.Butwestillhavesonsto

continuealongtheway.IfIhadthechancechooseagain,Iwouldstillstandbehindthemfirmly."Pengsaid.

PengTaizhenistrulyaheroine,agreatmotheraswellasagoodwife.Shehasmadesuchagreat

contribulion（貢獻(xiàn)）toantidrugfighting!

16.LinZcxuisrememberedasa（an）byusChinese.

A.artistB.nationalhero

C.writerD.policeofficer

17.WhatdidPeng'shusbanddiefor?

A.Savinghispartner.B.Helpinghisson.

C.Protecting（hevillagers.D.Fightingthevirus.

18.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutPengTaizhen?

A.HerhusbanddiedinDecember,2020.

B.Heryoungestsonlosthislifein1994.

C.Onlyoneofhersonsisapoliceofficer.

D.Sheisaverygreatwifeandmother.

19.Howmanypeoplementionedinthepassagehavemadegreatcontributionstodrugfighting?

A.2B.3C.4D.5

20.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.ToexpressourthankstoMs.Peng

B.lbknowaboutLinZexuandhisstories.

C.ToremembertheinternationalAntidrugDay.

D.Topassonthespiritofourdrugfightingheroes.

（2022?遼寧丹東?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Text1:LiuYang,borninOctober1978,waschosenasthefirst

ChinesewomanastronautinspaceinJune,2012.Shemadehistory.

InJune,2022,shewassenttospaceagainbyShenzhou14.

Text2：LhasaisthecapitalofTibet.ThePotalaPalace（布達(dá)拉宮）

A

inLhasamakesTibetfamousallovertheworld.Ontheotherhand,

Tibetisalsowellknownforitsbeautifulnaturalsights.SoalotofPictureB

visitorsgothereeveryyear.

Text3:Recently,shortvideoplatforms（平臺(tái)）haveofferedafun

4

andeasywaytoshowthetraditionalartforms,suchaspaper

cutting,shadowplayworks（皮影戲）,PekingOpera.Youngusers

PictureC

knowmoreabouttraditionalChineseculturefrom（hosevideos.

Text4:Handsinthepockets—Thisismonlyseenindailylife.In

◎

SwedenandFrance,puttingyourhandsinyourpocketswouldbet

consideredimpoliteinabusinessmeeting,eventhoughyoumay

MKPictureD

wearasuit.

21.WhenwasLiuYangsenttospaceforthesecondtime?

A.In1978.B.In2012.C.In2021.D.In2022.

22.TherearereasonswhyTibetiswellknownaccordingtoText2.

A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five

23.WhichpictureshowsthetraditionalartformmentionedinText3?

A.PictureA.B.PictureB.C.PictureC.D.PictureD.

24.WherecanyoungpeoplelearnaboutthetraditionalChineseartformseasily?

A.Inspace.B.InthePotalaPalace.

C.Onshortvideoplatforms.D.InSwedenandFrance.

25.WhichonewouldbeconsideredimpoliteinabusinessmeetinginSwedenandFrance?

A.Puttingyourhandsoutofyourpockets.

B.Shakinghandswithbusinesspartners.

C.Wearingasuitwithpockets.

D.Puttingyourhandsinyourpockets.

（2022?廣西河池?統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下面各小題所給的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳

選項(xiàng)。

SuBingtianranintotherecordbooksattheTokyo2020OlympicGamesonAugust1.Hebecamethefirst

Chinesetoenterthemen's100mfinal（決賽）attheOlympics.Andwith9.83secondsintheI（）（）msemifinal（半決

賽）,hesetanewAsianrecord.

Althoughhefinishedsixth,Surecordedatimeof9.98secondsinthefinal,0.18secondsbehindthewinner

LamontMarcelIJacobsofItaly,whoclocked9.80seconds.uActually,Iamveryhappytorununder10seconds

twiceinsuchashorttime.Makingitintothefinals,IhavealreadygivenallIhave,''Susaidaftertherace.

ThelastChinesetrackandfieldathlete（田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員）tomakehistoryattheOlympicswasLiuXiang.Liuwon

agoldmedalinthemen's110mhurdles（跨欄賽）inAthensin2004andbroughtChinaitsfirstOlympicgold

medalinamen'strackandfieldevent.

44Ifitwasn,tfbrLiuXiang'sachievement,we'dneverhavethoughtthatanAsianwouldstepontheOlympic

trackandfieldfinalandevenwintheraceJSusaid."1hopemysixthplaceattheOlympicfinalwillencourage

moreChineseathletestogoforward.

26.Su'sBingtianbecametheChinesetoenterthemen's100mfinalattheOlympics.

A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth

27.Sufinishedsixthinthefinalandit'sjustsecondsbehindthewinner.

A.0.15B.0.18C.9.83D.9.98

28.Suwasverytorununder10secondstwiceinsuchashortlime.

A.tiredB.boredC.worriedD.glad

29.broughtChinaitsfirstOlympicgoldmedalinamen'strackandfieldevent.

A.LinDanB.MaLongC.LiuXiangD.SuBingtian

30.PeoplemostlythinkthatseldomstepsontheOlympictrackandfieldfinal.

A.anAsianB.aEuropeanC.anAmericanD.anAfrican

（2022?山東東營(yíng)?統(tǒng)考中考真題）WhenmysisterBeckywasyoung,shewasbitten（l^）byadog.From（hat

dayon,shedidn'tlikedogs.Butallofthatchangedwhenmyunclehadtobeawayfbraweek.

Myunclelefthisdogwithustotakecareof.Thedog'snamewasRex,andhewashuge.PoorRexliked

followingmysisteraroundverymuch.Shehatedthatbecauseofherfearofdogs.

Oneday,togetawayrwn（擺脫）Rex,mysistertiedhimtoachairintheyardandwentforawalkinthe

forest.Shelookedbackandsawhimpullingathisrope（繩），buthestillstayedthere.

Whilewalkingintheforest,Beckysuddenlysawsomewolveseatingadeer（鹿）thathadjustbeenkilled.

Normally,wolveswouldnotattack（攻擊）ahuman,butwhentheyareeating,theycanbeverydangerous,

especiallyforachild.

Slowly,thewolvesbegantomovetowardsBecky,makingacirclearoundher.Shewasclosetoatree,soshe

caughtalowerbranch（MtJ）quicklyandtriedtoclimbupthetree.Oneofthewolvescaughtherfoot.Luckily,she

wasabletopullherselfup,butherfootwasbadlyhurt.Sheshoutedforhelp,butnoonewasaround.Shethought

shewasgoingtodie.Suddenly,Rexappeared.

Therehewas.runningthroughtheforest,pullingthechair.ItwasnoteasyforRex,buthemadehiswayto

Beckyinthetree.Heattackedthewolves,soontheyranoff.

WhenBeckyandRexgothome,everyonewasshockedandhappythatRexhadsavedmysister.Helicked（舔）

herfaceasthedoctortreated（治療）herfoot.

Now,Rexismysister'sfavoritefriendintheworld.Thedoctortoldher,“Adogisaman'sbestfriend?,My

sistersmiledandadded,uAndagirl'sbestfriend,too.”

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto（指的是）？

A.Adogbither.B.Rexwashuge.C.Rexfollowedheraround.D.HeruncleleftRexwiththem.

32.Therightorderofthefollowingstatementsis.

①Beckyshoutedforhelp

②Beckyclimbedupthetree

③BeckysawRexrunningtoher

④Beckywascircledbywolves

A.②①④③B.④C.③④②①D.④②①③

33.Rexcouldbeatwolvesbecausehewantedto.

A.beaheroB.makeBeckyhappyC.protecthisownerD.getfoodfromwolves

34.WhydidBeckychangeherattitudetoRex?Because.

A.RexwaspoorB.RexsavedherlifeC.RexlickedherfaceD.Rexattackedthewolves

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillmostprobablyhappennext?

A.BeckywilloftenplaywithRex.B.Beckywillnevergototheforest.

C.BeckywouldlikeRexnottofollowher.D.BeckywillreturnRextoherunclehappily.

（2022?江蘇徐州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Peterlovesbaseball.Lastsummer,hehelpedcoachaschoolbaseballteam.

WhenhefirstwatchedtheteamofI2yearoldsplaybaseball,hisfirstimpressionswerenotreallypositive.

Oneplayeroftenleftassoonastheystartedlosing.Anotherplayerpaidtoomuchattentiontoalltheir

mistakesduringthegame.Otherboyspreferredtodigupthegrasswhentheyweren'tintheplay.Alotofboys

threwtheirbaseballbatswhentheylostthecatch.

Whiletheirbaseballskillsimprovedovertimewithmorepractice,therewerestillproblemswiththeir

allimportantcharacter.Theteamhadalongwaytogo.Forexample,someboyswerehardonthosewhomade

mistakes.Insteadofbeingsupportiveorencouraging,theyblamed(責(zé)怪)eachother.

Peterstartedoneononetalkswitheachplayertodiscussthingsthathehadnoticed.Somewereaboutskillslike

holdingthebatuphigheroropeningtheireyeswhentheyweremakingacatch.Butmostwereaboutstaying

positiveandsupportingeachother.

Slowlythingsbegantochange.Theboysbegantotakethedutiesfortheirplayinsteadofblamingothersfor

mistakes.Theystayedoptimisticevenwhenlosing.Theteamculturewasimproving.

Playersbeganencouragingeachother,highfivingandsupportingteammates.Peterwasespeciallypleasedto

seesomeoftheboystakingleadershiprolesandhavingtheirownoneononetalkswiththeir(eanimates.

Peterdoesn'tthinkhemadehugeprogressinteachingtheboyshowtothrow,catchorhitbetter,buthewas

pleasedthattheirconversationsaroundcharacterledtosomethingpositive.Althoughtheteamstilllostgames,the

playershadstrongercharacters.Nextseas