2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解押題試卷高頻詞匯與長難句解析策略考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷閱讀理解Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Thedigitalrevolutionhastransformednearlyeveryaspectofmodernlife,butperhapsnosectorhasbeenmoreprofoundlyalteredthantheworldofwork.Automation,artificialintelligence(AI),andadvancedroboticsarenotjustreshapingjobmarkets;theyarefundamentallyredefiningtheverynatureofhumanemployment.Whilesomepredictwidespreadunemploymentasmachinestakeovertaskspreviouslydonebyhumans,othersarguethatthesetechnologieswillcreatemorejobsthantheydestroy,albeitdifferentkindsofjobsrequiringnewskills.Proponentsofthisoptimisticviewpointtohistory,arguingthattechnologicaladvancementshavealwaysledtothecreationofnewindustriesandjobcategories,evenastheydisplacedothers.Forinstance,theIndustrialRevolutionreplacedagriculturallaborerswithfactoryworkers,andtheInformationAgegaverisetoroleslikesoftwareengineersanddatascientists.Inthecurrentdigitallandscape,theysuggest,newopportunitieswillemergeinfieldssuchasAIdevelopment,dataanalysis,androboticsmaintenance,potentiallyoffsettingthejobslosttoautomation.However,criticscounterthatthepaceandscopeofthecurrenttechnologicalshiftmaybeunprecedented.Unlikeprevioustransitions,theyargue,AIandroboticspossessthepotentialtoautomatecognitivetaskstraditionallyrequiringhumanintelligence,suchasdecision-making,problem-solving,andevencreativeprocesses.Thiscouldleadtoafundamentalrestructuringofthelaborforce,renderingmanycurrentjobsobsoletebeforenewonescanfullymaterialize.Moreover,theskillsrequiredforfuturejobsarenotyetwell-defined,andtheworkforcemaystruggletoadaptquicklyenough.Thesocietalimpactextendsbeyondindividualcareers.Ascertainjobsbecomeautomated,therecouldbeincreasedincomeinequalityifthebenefitsofproductivitygainsarenotwidelyshared.Furthermore,thedisplacementofworkersmightnecessitatesignificantinvestmentsineducationandretrainingprogramstohelptheworkforcetransitiontonewroles.Governmentsandbusinessesalikefacethechallengeofnavigatingthiscomplextransformationwhilemitigatingpotentialnegativeconsequencesforindividualsandsociety.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarytopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponentsoftheoptimisticview,whathistoricalprecedentdotheyusetosupporttheirargument?3.Whatkeydistinctiondocriticsmakebetweenthecurrenttechnologicalshiftandpreviousones?4.Whatpotentialsocietalchallengeishighlightedregardingtheimpactofautomationonincomedistribution?Passage2Urbanizationhasbeenoneofthemostsignificantglobaltrendsofthepastcentury,withcitiesgrowingatanunprecedentedrate.Thisrapidexpansionbringsbothopportunitiesandchallenges,reshapingthewaypeoplelive,work,andinteract.Whilecitiesofferaccesstobetterjobprospects,education,andhealthcare,theyalsopresentissuessuchashousingshortages,trafficcongestion,andenvironmentaldegradation.Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeacriticalfocusforpolicymakersandurbanplanners.Integratinggreenspacesintocitydesigns,promotingenergy-efficientbuildings,anddevelopingpublictransportationsystemsaresomeofthestrategiesemployedtomitigatethenegativeimpactsofurbanization.Theseinitiativesaimnotonlytoimprovethequalityoflifeforcityresidentsbutalsotoensurethelong-termenvironmentalsustainabilityofurbanareas.Technologicalinnovationplaysacrucialroleinaddressingurbanchallenges.Smartcitytechnologies,leveragingdataandconnectivity,offersolutionsfortrafficmanagement,wastereduction,andenergyconservation.Forexample,sensorsandIoTdevicescanoptimizepublictransportationroutes,whilerenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowercanreducerelianceonfossilfuels.However,theimplementationofthesetechnologiesraisesconcernsaboutdataprivacy,digitaldivide,andthepotentialdisplacementoflow-skilledworkersinrelatedserviceindustries.Communityengagementisanothervitalaspectofsustainableurbanplanning.Involvinglocalresidentsindecision-makingprocessesensuresthatdevelopmentprojectsmeettheactualneedsofthecommunityandfostersasenseofownershipandresponsibility.Thisbottom-upapproachcanleadtomoreinclusiveandequitableurbanenvironments.Moreover,preservingculturalheritageandhistoricallandmarkswhileintegratingmodernamenitieshelpsmaintaintheuniquecharacterofcities.Questions:5.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassageregardingurbanization?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomestrategiesusedtopromotesustainableurbandevelopment?7.Howdosmartcitytechnologiescontributetoaddressingurbanchallenges?8.Whatimportancedoesthepassageplaceoncommunityengagementinurbanplanning?Passage3Theriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthewayinformationissharedandconsumed,creatingbothpositiveandnegativeimpactsonsociety.Ononehand,socialmediaplatformshavedemocratizedcommunication,allowingindividualstoconnectwithothersacrosstheglobe,shareperspectives,andmobilizeforsocialcauses.Theyhavebecomepowerfultoolsfornewsdissemination,enablingreal-timeupdatesoneventsandfosteringpublicdiscourse.Ontheotherhand,thespreadofmisinformationandfakenewsonsocialmediaisagrowingconcern.Thealgorithmicdesignoftheseplatformsoftenprioritizesengagementoveraccuracy,leadingtotherapiddisseminationofsensationalormisleadingcontent.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,influencingpublicopinion,underminingtrustininstitutions,andevenincitingsocialunrest.Thelinebetweenfactandfictionbecomesincreasinglyblurred,makingitdifficultforuserstodiscerncredibleinformation.Furthermore,socialmediahasbeenlinkedtovariouspsychologicalandsocialissues.Theconstantexposuretocuratedversionsofothers'livescanleadtofeelingsofinadequacy,anxiety,anddepression.Thephenomenonof"FOMO"(fearofmissingout)encouragescompulsivecheckingoffeeds,disruptingreal-worldinteractionsandaffectingmentalwell-being.Socialmediaaddictionisanotherconcern,withusersspendingexcessiveamountsoftimeontheseplatforms,neglectingotheraspectsoftheirlives.Despitethesechallenges,socialmediaalsooffersopportunitiesforpositivesocialchange.Onlinecommunitiescanprovidesupportnetworksforindividualsfacingspecificissues,fosteringasenseofbelongingandsolidarity.Socialmediahasalsobeeninstrumentalinraisingawarenessaboutimportantsocialissues,suchasmentalhealth,climatechange,andhumanrights.Thekey,asmanyargue,liesindevelopingmedialiteracyandcriticalthinkingskillstonavigatethecomplexinformationlandscape.Questions:9.Whataresomeofthepositiveimpactsofsocialmediamentionedinthepassage?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasignificantconcernrelatedtothespreadofinformationonsocialmedia?11.Whatpsychologicaleffectshastheuseofsocialmediabeenassociatedwith?12.Inwhatwayscansocialmediacontributetopositivesocialchange?Passage4Theglobalfoodsystemisfacingnumerouschallengesinthe21stcentury,primarilydrivenbypopulationgrowth,climatechange,andresourcescarcity.Ensuringfoodsecurityforaprojectedglobalpopulationofoverninebillionby2050requiresinnovativesolutionsandafundamentalrethinkingofhowfoodisproduced,distributed,andconsumed.Traditionalagriculturalpractices,heavilyreliantonintensiveresourceuse,arebecomingincreasinglyunsustainable.Sustainableagricultureoffersapromisingalternative,focusingonmethodsthatminimizeenvironmentalimpactwhilemaintainingproductivity.Techniquessuchascroprotation,intercropping,andtheuseoforganicfertilizerscanimprovesoilhealthandreducetheneedforsyntheticpesticidesandfertilizers.Agroecology,whichappliesecologicalprinciplestoagriculturalsystems,aimstocreatemoreresilientandself-sufficientfarmingpractices.Additionally,precisionagriculture,leveragingtechnologylikeGPS,drones,andIoTsensors,enablesmoreefficientuseofwater,fertilizers,andpesticidesbytargetingspecificareaswithinafield.Foodwasteisanothercriticalissuewithintheglobalfoodsystem.Roughlyone-thirdofallfoodproducedforhumanconsumptionislostorwasted,contributingtoenvironmentaldegradation,economiclosses,andethicalconcerns.Reducingfoodwasterequiresinterventionsthroughoutthesupplychain,fromfarmtofork.Improvementsinstorage,transportation,andpackagingcanextendtheshelflifeoffood.Consumerawarenessandchangesineatinghabits,suchasreducingmeatconsumptionandfoodwasteathome,alsoplayasignificantrole.Thefutureoffoodsecuritymayalsoinvolvealternativeproteinsourcesandinnovativefoodproductionmethods.Plant-basedandlab-grownmeatsofferpotentialsolutionstomeetgrowingdemandforproteininamoresustainableway.Verticalfarming,whichinvolvesgrowingcropsinverticallystackedlayersincontrolledenvironments,canincreasefoodproductionefficiencyandreducethelandandwaterrequirementsoftraditionalagriculture.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestogrowandenvironmentalconditionsbecomeincreasinglychallenging,theseinnovationswillbecrucialinensuringasustainableandsecurefoodfutureforall.Questions:13.Whatmajorchallengesistheglobalfoodsystemfacing?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeyprinciplesofsustainableagriculture?15.Whatisasignificantconsequenceoffoodwastementionedinthepassage?16.Whatpotentialsolutionsdoesthepassagementionforaddressingthefuturedemandforprotein?試卷答案閱讀理解Passage11.D解析思路：文章首段提出數(shù)字革命對工作性質(zhì)的重新定義，中間段落對比了樂觀和悲觀的預(yù)測，最后一段討論了社會影響。綜合來看，文章的核心是探討數(shù)字革命對工作的影響及其復(fù)雜性，D項(xiàng)（數(shù)字革命對工作性質(zhì)的深遠(yuǎn)影響）最能概括全文主旨。2.A解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Proponentsofthisoptimisticviewpointtohistory,arguingthattechnologicaladvancementshavealwaysledtothecreationofnewindustriesandjobcategories,evenastheydisplacedothers.”他們引用了歷史，指出技術(shù)進(jìn)步總是導(dǎo)致新產(chǎn)業(yè)和職業(yè)的出現(xiàn)，即使同時取代了其他職業(yè)。A項(xiàng)（技術(shù)進(jìn)步總是導(dǎo)致新產(chǎn)業(yè)和職業(yè)的出現(xiàn)）符合文意。3.B解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段，“However,criticscounterthatthepaceandscopeofthecurrenttechnologicalshiftmaybeunprecedented.Unlikeprevioustransitions,theyargue,AIandroboticspossessthepotentialtoautomatecognitivetaskstraditionallyrequiringhumanintelligence...”批評者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)前的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變在速度和范圍上可能是前所未有的，與之前的轉(zhuǎn)變不同，人工智能和機(jī)器人有可能自動化傳統(tǒng)上需要人類智能的認(rèn)知任務(wù)。B項(xiàng)（當(dāng)前技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變的速度和范圍可能是前所未有的，并且人工智能和機(jī)器人有可能自動化傳統(tǒng)上需要人類智能的認(rèn)知任務(wù)）抓住了關(guān)鍵區(qū)別。4.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Ascertainjobsbecomeautomated,therecouldbeincreasedincomeinequalityifthebenefitsofproductivitygainsarenotwidelyshared.”如果生產(chǎn)力的收益不能廣泛分享，自動化某些工作可能會導(dǎo)致收入不平等加劇。C項(xiàng)（自動化某些工作可能會導(dǎo)致收入不平等加?。┲赋隽藵撛诘纳鐣魬?zhàn)。5.A解析思路：文章首段指出城市化是過去一個世紀(jì)最顯著的趨勢之一，中間段落討論了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的策略和挑戰(zhàn)，最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了社區(qū)參與的重要性。全文圍繞城市化這一主題展開，A項(xiàng)（城市化及其帶來的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)）最能概括主旨。6.B解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeacriticalfocusforpolicymakersandurbanplanners.Integratinggreenspacesintocitydesigns,promotingenergy-efficientbuildings,anddevelopingpublictransportationsystemsaresomeofthestrategiesemployedtomitigatethenegativeimpactsofurbanization.”可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵重點(diǎn)是政策制定者和城市規(guī)劃者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。采用的策略包括將綠地融入城市設(shè)計、推廣節(jié)能建筑以及發(fā)展公共交通系統(tǒng)，以減輕城市化的負(fù)面影響。B項(xiàng)（將綠地融入城市設(shè)計、推廣節(jié)能建筑以及發(fā)展公共交通系統(tǒng)）符合文意。7.D解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段，“Technologicalinnovationplaysacrucialroleinaddressingurbanchallenges.Smartcitytechnologies,leveragingdataandconnectivity,offersolutionsfortrafficmanagement,wastereduction,andenergyconservation.Forexample,sensorsandIoTdevicescanoptimizepublictransportationroutes,whilerenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowercanreducerelianceonfossilfuels.”技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在應(yīng)對城市挑戰(zhàn)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。智慧城市技術(shù)利用數(shù)據(jù)和連接性，為交通管理、廢物減少和能源節(jié)約提供了解決方案。例如，傳感器和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備可以優(yōu)化公共交通路線，而太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源可以減少對化石燃料的依賴。D項(xiàng)（通過數(shù)據(jù)連接性為交通管理、廢物減少和能源節(jié)約提供了解決方案）概括了其貢獻(xiàn)。8.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Communityengagementisanothervitalaspectofsustainableurbanplanning.Involvinglocalresidentsindecision-makingprocessesensuresthatdevelopmentprojectsmeettheactualneedsofthecommunityandfostersasenseofownershipandresponsibility.Thisbottom-upapproachcanleadtomoreinclusiveandequitableurbanenvironments.”社區(qū)參與是可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃的另一個重要方面。讓當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駞⑴c決策過程，可以確保發(fā)展項(xiàng)目滿足社區(qū)的實(shí)際需求，并培養(yǎng)歸屬感和責(zé)任感。這種自下而上的方法可以帶來更具包容性和公平性的城市環(huán)境。C項(xiàng)（通過自下而上的方法可以帶來更具包容性和公平性的城市環(huán)境）強(qiáng)調(diào)了其重要性。9.A解析思路：根據(jù)文章第一段，“Whilesomepredictwidespreadunemploymentasmachinestakeovertaskspreviouslydonebyhumans,othersarguethatthesetechnologieswillcreatemorejobsthantheydestroy,albeitdifferentkindsofjobsrequiringnewskills.”有些人預(yù)測機(jī)器將取代以前由人類完成的任務(wù)，從而導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模失業(yè)，而另一些人則認(rèn)為這些技術(shù)將創(chuàng)造比它們摧毀的更多的工作，盡管是不同類型的工作，需要新的技能。A項(xiàng)（連接全球各地的人們，分享觀點(diǎn)，動員社會事業(yè)）符合文意。10.B解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thespreadofmisinformationandfakenewsonsocialmediaisagrowingconcern.Thealgorithmicdesignoftheseplatformsoftenprioritizesengagementoveraccuracy,leadingtotherapiddisseminationofsensationalormisleadingcontent.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,influencingpublicopinion,underminingtrustininstitutions,andevenincitingsocialunrest.Thelinebetweenfactandfictionbecomesincreasinglyblurred,makingitdifficultforuserstodiscerncredibleinformation.”社交媒體上錯誤信息和假新聞的傳播是一個日益增長的擔(dān)憂。這些平臺的算法設(shè)計往往優(yōu)先考慮參與度而不是準(zhǔn)確性，導(dǎo)致聳人聽聞或誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容的快速傳播。這可能會產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重后果，影響公眾輿論，破壞對機(jī)構(gòu)的信任，甚至煽動社會動蕩。事實(shí)與虛構(gòu)之間的界限變得越來越模糊，使用戶難以辨別可信信息。B項(xiàng)（錯誤信息和假新聞的快速傳播）是文中提到的主要擔(dān)憂。11.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段，“Furthermore,socialmediahasbeenlinkedtovariouspsychologicalandsocialissues.Theconstantexposuretocuratedversionsofothers'livescanleadtofeelingsofinadequacy,anxiety,anddepression.Thephenomenonof"FOMO"(fearofmissingout)encouragescompulsivecheckingoffeeds,disruptingreal-worldinteractionsandaffectingmentalwell-being.Socialmediaaddictionisanotherconcern,withusersspendingexcessiveamountsoftimeontheseplatforms,neglectingotheraspectsoftheirlives.”此外，社交媒體與各種心理和社會問題有關(guān)。不斷接觸他人生活的精心編輯版本可能導(dǎo)致不足感、焦慮和抑郁?！板e失恐懼癥”（FOMO）的現(xiàn)象鼓勵用戶強(qiáng)迫性地檢查信息流，破壞現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的互動并影響心理健康。社交媒體成癮是另一個問題，用戶在這些平臺上花費(fèi)過多時間，忽視生活的其他方面。C項(xiàng)（與不足感、焦慮和抑郁等心理問題有關(guān)）符合文意。12.D解析思路：根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Socialmediahasalsobeeninstrumentalinraisingawarenessaboutimportantsocialissues,suchasmentalhealth,climatechange,andhumanrights.Thekey,asmanyargue,liesindevelopingmedialiteracyandcriticalthinkingskillstonavigatethecomplexinformationlandscape.”社交媒體還在提高人們對重要社會問題的認(rèn)識方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，例如心理健康、氣候變化和人權(quán)。許多人認(rèn)為，關(guān)鍵在于培養(yǎng)媒體素養(yǎng)和批判性思維能力，以應(yīng)對復(fù)雜的信息環(huán)境。D項(xiàng)（通過培養(yǎng)媒體素養(yǎng)和批判性思維能力來應(yīng)對復(fù)雜的信息環(huán)境）提到了其貢獻(xiàn)方式。13.C解析思路：根據(jù)文章首段，“Thedigitalrevolutionhastransformednearlyeveryaspectofmodernlife,butperhapsnosectorhasbeenmoreprofoundlyalteredthantheworldofwork.Automation,artificialintelligence(AI),andadvancedroboticsarenotjustreshapingjobmarkets;theyarefundamentallyredefiningtheverynatureofhumanemplo