2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句快速識(shí)別技巧試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,eachsentenceiseitherindependentclauseoranincompleteclause.ReadthepassagecarefullyandchoosetheoptionA,B,C,orDthatbestcompleteseachsentence.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.1.Theadvancementoftechnologyhasprofoundeffectsonmodernsociety,_______.A.whichmakesitdifficulttoimaginelifewithoutitB.butfewpeoplehavethoroughlyconsidereditsethicalimplicationsC.therebyleadingtounprecedentedlevelsofconvenienceandefficiencyD.howithasreshapedalmosteveryaspectofhumanexistence2.Despitesignificantadvancementsinrenewableenergysources,_______.A.fossilfuelsstilldominatetheglobalenergymarketB.renewableenergyremainsprohibitivelyexpensiveformostconsumersC.manydevelopednationshave尚未fullycommittedtoreducingcarbonemissionsD.thetransitiontoagreeneconomyfacesnumerouscomplexchallenges3.Effectiveleadershiprequiresnotonlyaclearvisionbutalsotheabilityto_______.A.inspireandmotivateteammemberstowardsachievingcommongoalsB.meticulouslyplaneverydetailoftheprojectwithoutdelegationC.solelyfocusonfinancialmetricstomeasuresuccessD.eliminateallpotentialrisksbeforeinitiatinganynewendeavor4.Theancientcivilization,_______.,leftbehindremarkablearchitecturalwondersthatcontinuetofascinatemodernhistorians.A.whosesophisticatedunderstandingofmathematicsandastronomywasunparalleledB.itbeingknownforitsintricateirrigationsystemsC.theyhaddevelopedawrittenlanguagethatusedhieroglyphsD.althoughitswrittenrecordswerelargelydestroyedbynaturaldisasters5.Climatechangepresentsamultifacetedchallenge,_______.A.economiccostsassociatedwithmitigationeffortscanbesubstantialB.anditprimarilyresultsfromhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuelsC.whichrequirescoordinatedglobalactionandimmediatepolicychangesD.howindividualactionsmightseeminsignificantinthefaceofglobalscale6.Moderncommunicationtechnologieshavefundamentallyalteredthewayhumansinteract,_______.A.makingface-to-faceconversationsincreasinglyrareinprofessionalsettingsB.yetthequalityoftheseinteractionsisoftendebatedamongsociologistsC.therebycreatingunprecedentedopportunitiesforinstantglobalconnectivityD.unlessproperlymanaged,thesetechnologiescanfostersocialisolation7.Theresearcher,_______.,managedtoidentifyanovelmechanismgoverningcellularrepairprocesses.A.whoseworkinvolvedexaminingthousandsoftissuesamplesundermicroscopesB.whodespitefacingconsiderableskepticismfromthescientificcommunityC.hehaddedicatedoveradecadetostudyingfundamentalbiologicalsystemsD.itbeingacomplexandlabor-intensiveendeavor8.Artificialintelligencecontinuestoevolveatarapidpace,_______.A.itspotentialapplicationsrangingfromhealthcaretoautonomousvehiclesB.raisingbothexcitingpossibilitiesandprofoundethicalconcernsC.whichhasledtosignificantinvestmentsbycorporationsworldwideD.unlessitsdevelopmentisguidedbystrictregulatoryframeworks9.Understandingtheintricaciesofinternationaltraderequiresfamiliaritynotonlywitheconomictheoriesbutalsowith_______.A.thecomplexwebofpoliticalalliancesandinternationaltreatiesB.howculturaldifferencescanimpactbusinessnegotiationsandpracticesC.howtoaccuratelycalculatetheexchangeratesforvariouscurrenciesD.thehistoricalcontextofcolonialismthatshapedmoderntradepatterns10.Thesuccessofanyenvironmentalconservationprojecthingesontheactiveparticipationoflocalcommunities,_______.A.whosetraditionalknowledgeoftenholdsvaluableinsightsforsustainableresourcemanagementB.becausetheyaretypicallytheonesmostdirectlyimpactedbyenvironmentaldegradationC.whichrequireseffectivecommunicationandbuildingtrustbetweenstakeholdersD.unlessexternalagenciesimposetop-downsolutionswithoutlocalinput11.Quantumcomputingrepresentsaparadigmshiftincomputationalcapabilities,_______.A.utilizingprinciplesofquantummechanicstoperformcalculationsatunprecedentedspeedsB.makingitpotentiallycapableofsolvingcertainproblemsthatareintractableforclassicalcomputersC.whichhasgarneredsignificantinterestfrombothacademiaandthetechindustryD.howitspracticalimplementationstillfacesnumeroustechnicalandengineeringchallenges12.Thenovelexploresthepsychologicalimpactofisolationonitsprotagonist,_______.A.whobecomesincreasinglyparanoidasthenarrativeprogressesB.revealinghowevenseeminglyrationalindividualscansuccumbtomentalbreakdownsC.asheisstrandedonaremotedesertislandwithlimitedresourcesD.therebyquestioningthereliabilityofhumanperceptionandmemory13.Advancesingeneticengineeringhaveopenedupnewavenuesfortreatinggeneticdisorders,_______.A.thoughtheethicalimplicationsofsuchtechnologiesremainhighlycontentiousB.offeringthepotentialtocureconditionsthatwerepreviouslyconsideredincurableC.whichrequirescollaborationbetweenscientists,medicalprofessionals,andethicistsD.howthecostofthesetreatmentsmightexacerbateexistinghealthcareinequalities14.Thehistoricalsignificanceoftheeventcannotbeoverstated,_______.A.markingaturningpointintheglobalstruggleforcivilrightsB.itsconsequencescontinuingtoshapepoliticallandscapesdecadeslaterC.asitinvolvedtheparticipationofthousandsofordinarycitizensD.unlesswecriticallyexaminethecomplexitiesandlimitationsofthemovement15.Effectivepublichealthstrategiesmustbedata-driven,_______.A.utilizinglarge-scaledatacollectionandsophisticatedstatisticalanalysisB.addressingthespecificneedsandvulnerabilitiesofdifferentpopulationgroupsC.whichofteninvolvesovercomingchallengesrelatedtodataprivacyandsecurityD.howtheycanberapidlyadaptedinresponsetoemerginghealthcrises第二部分閱讀理解Directions:Thefollowingpassageisabouttheimpactofurbanizationontraditionalfarmingcommunities.Readthepassagecarefully.Foreachofthesentencesinthefollowingnumberedparagraphs,choosetheoptionA,B,C,orDthatbestexpressestheideaoftheoriginalsentence.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.Therapidexpansionofcitiesintosurroundingruralareas,aphenomenonoftentermedurbansprawl,hasincreasinglyencroachedupontraditionalfarmland.Thisencroachmentisdrivenbyseveralinterconnectedfactors,includingthedemandformorehousing,thedesireforlargerlivingspaces,andtheallureofurbanamenities.Consequently,agriculturalland,whichwasonceconsideredabundantandperipheral,hasbecomeavaluablecommodity,oftenleadingtoitsconversionintoresidentialorcommercialuse.Thistransformationhasprofoundimplicationsnotonlyforfoodproductionbutalsoforthesocio-economicfabricofcommunitiesthathavereliedonagricultureforgenerations.1.Thisencroachmentisdrivenbyseveralinterconnectedfactors,includingthedemandformorehousing,thedesireforlargerlivingspaces,andtheallureofurbanamenities.A.Theexpansionofcitiesisprimarilyfueledbytheneedformoreurbandwellings,thepreferenceforsuburbanhomeswithmorespace,andtheattractionsofferedbycitycenters.B.Severalfactors,suchasthenecessityforadditionalhousingstock,thepursuitofsuburbanlifestyles,andthedesiretoaccessurbanservices,contributetothepushingofurbanboundaries.C.Factorslikethegrowingneedforcityhousing,thetrendtowardssuburbanliving,andthetemptationofcitylifearepushingthelimitsofurbandevelopmentintoruralregions.D.Thedemandforurbanhousing,thepreferenceformoreextensivesuburbanproperties,andthedesirabilityofcitylifeareallconsequencesofurbansprawl.2.Consequently,agriculturalland,whichwasonceconsideredabundantandperipheral,hasbecomeavaluablecommodity,oftenleadingtoitsconversionintoresidentialorcommercialuse.A.Asaresult,farmland,previouslyseenasplentifulandlocatedontheoutskirts,isnowhighlysoughtafter,frequentlybeingredevelopedforhousingandbusinesspurposes.B.Therefore,agriculturalland,whichusedtobeperceivedaslimitlessandsituatedontheperiphery,hasappreciatedsignificantlyinvalue,usuallybeingrepurposedforhousingdevelopmentsandcommercialenterprises.C.Agriculturalland,oncethoughttobeabundantandirrelevanttourbancenters,isnowconsideredvaluableproperty,commonlybeingtransformedintoresidentialareasandshoppingcenters.D.Theoutcomeisthatfarmland,whichwaspreviouslyabundantandconsideredperipheraltourbaninterests,hasbecomehighlyprofitable,oftenbeingrezonedforresidentialandcommercialdevelopment.3.Thistransformationhasprofoundimplicationsnotonlyforfoodproductionbutalsoforthesocio-economicfabricofcommunitiesthathavereliedonagricultureforgenerations.A.Thechange帶來(lái)的significanteffectsarenotlimitedtoagriculturaloutputbutalsoextendtothesocialandeconomicstructureofcommunitiesdependentonfarmingfortheirlivelihood.B.Thisalterationhasfar-reachingconsequencesforboththeproductionoffoodandthesocialandeconomicfoundationsofcommunitiesbuiltaroundagriculture.C.Theconversionofagriculturallandhasmajorrepercussionsforfoodsupplychainsandthesocialandeconomicsystemsofcommunitieswherefarminghasbeenawayoflifeforgenerations.D.Suchatransformationimpactsnotonlytheefficiencyoffoodproductionbutalsothesocialandeconomicwell-beingofcommunitieshistoricallyrootedinagriculturalpractices.Thelossoffarmlandoftenleadstothedisplacementoffarmersandfarmworkers,manyofwhomlackalternativeemploymentopportunitiesinthenewlydevelopedareas.Theseindividuals,oftenwithspecializedskillstiedtoagriculturalproduction,facedifficultiesadaptingtothedemandsoftheurbaneconomy.Furthermore,thedisplacementcandisrupttraditionalwaysoflife,leadingtotheerosionofculturalidentitiesandsocialnetworksthathavebeensustainedbyagriculturalcommunitiesforgenerations.Theconcentrationofpeopleinurbancentersalsoplacesstrainonexistinginfrastructure,suchastransportationsystems,watersupply,andwastemanagementfacilities,necessitatingsignificantinvestmentstoaccommodatethegrowingpopulation.4.Theseindividuals,oftenwithspecializedskillstiedtoagriculturalproduction,facedifficultiesadaptingtothedemandsoftheurbaneconomy.A.Thosewhoaredisplaced,typicallypossessingexpertiseinfarming,struggletofindemploymentthatmatchestheirbackgroundintheurbanjobmarket.B.Individualswhohavespecializedinagriculturalworkfinditchallengingtotransitiontheirskillstotherequirementsofthecity'seconomicactivities.C.Displacedpeople,whoseskillsareoftenspecifictoagriculturalcontexts,encountersignificantobstaclesinadaptingtothenatureofworkavailableinurbanenvironments.D.Thespecializedabilitiesoftheseindividuals,primarilyrelatedtofarming,makeitdifficultforthemtointegrateintotheeconomicopportunitiesprovidedbytheurbansector.5.Thedisplacementcandisrupttraditionalwaysoflife,leadingtotheerosionofculturalidentitiesandsocialnetworksthathavebeensustainedbyagriculturalcommunitiesforgenerations.A.Beingforcedtoleavetheirhomesresultsinthedisruptionofestablishedwaysoflife,contributingtothelossofculturaltraditionsandsocialconnectionsmaintainedbyfarmingcommunitiesovertime.B.Displacementdisruptsthecustomarywaysoflife,causingtheweakeningofculturalidentitiesandsocialtiesthathavebeennurturedbyagriculturalcommunitiesthroughgenerations.C.Theprocessofdisplacementinterfereswiththetraditionallifestyles,leadingtothedeclineofculturalheritageandsocialstructuresupheldbyfarmingcommunitiesformanyyears.D.Whenpeoplearedisplacedfromruralareas,theirtraditionalmethodsoflivingaredisrupted,whichresultsinthefadingofculturaldistinctivenessandsocialrelationshipswithinagriculturalcommunities.6.Theconcentrationofpeopleinurbancentersalsoplacesstrainonexistinginfrastructure,suchastransportationsystems,watersupply,andwastemanagementfacilities,necessitatingsignificantinvestmentstoaccommodatethegrowingpopulation.A.Thelargenumberofpeoplemovingintocitiesputspressureoncurrentinfrastructure,includingtransitnetworks,waterservices,andsanitationsystems,requiringsubstantialfundingtosupporttheincreasedpopulation.B.Urbanareas,housingagrowingconcentrationofpeople,arecausingstressonexistingfacilitiesliketransportation,waterdistribution,andwastedisposal,demandingconsiderableinvestmentforexpansionandimprovement.C.Aspopulationsconcentrateinurbanlocations,existinginfrastructuresuchastransport,watersupply,andwastemanagementundergostrain,compellingmajorinvestmentstocopewiththelargerinhabitants.D.Theinfluxofpeopleintourbancentersexertsconsiderabledemandoncurrentinfrastructure,includingtransport,water,andwastemanagement,makinglarge-scaleinvestmentnecessaryforadequateserviceprovision.Theenvironmentalconsequencesofurbansprawlarealsosignificant.Theconversionofagriculturallandandnaturalhabitatsintourbandevelopmentsleadstohabitatlossandbiodiversityreduction.Impervioussurfaceslikeroadsandbuildingsincreaserunoff,contributingtowaterpollutionandalteringlocalhydrology.Airandnoisepollutionlevelsoftenriseinurbanareas,negativelyimpactingthehealthandwell-beingofresidents.Moreover,theenergydemandsofurbanpopulations,particularlyforheating,cooling,andtransportation,contributetohighergreenhousegasemissions,exacerbatingclimatechange.7.Theconversionofagriculturallandandnaturalhabitatsintourbandevelopmentsleadstohabitatlossandbiodiversityreduction.A.Transformingfarmlandandnaturalenvironmentsintourbanareasresultsinthedestructionofhabitatsandadeclineinthevarietyofplantandanimalspecies.B.Theprocessofconvertinglandusedforfarmingandconservationintourbansettingscausesthelossofnaturalhabitatsandadecreaseinbiodiversity.C.Asagriculturalandnaturalhabitatsareconvertedintourbanlandscapes,thereisaconsequentlossofhabitatsandareductionintherichnessofbiologicaldiversity.D.Urbandevelopmentprojects,ofteninvolvingtheconversionoffarmlandandnaturalareas,leadtodiminishedhabitatsandalowerlevelofbiodiversityinthoseregions.8.Impervioussurfaceslikeroadsandbuildingsincreaserunoff,contributingtowaterpollutionandalteringlocalhydrology.A.Surfacessuchasroadsandbuildings,whichdonotallowwatertopenetrate,enhancesurfacerunoff,leadingtowatercontaminationandchangesinthenaturalwaterflowpatterns.B.Thepresenceofimpermeablesurfaceslikeroadsandbuildingsgeneratesmorerunoff,whichcontributestothepollutionofwaterbodiesandaltersthelocalwatersystem.C.Waterrunsoffmorequicklyfromsurfaceslikeroadsandbuildings,whichareimpermeable,addingtowaterpollutionandmodifyingthelocalhydrologicalcycle.D.Impervioussurfacessuchasroadsandbuildingsincreasethespeedofwaterrunoff,leadingtowaterpollutionissuesanddisruptionstothelocalwaterbalance.9.Moreover,theenergydemandsofurbanpopulations,particularlyforheating,cooling,andtransportation,contributetohighergreenhousegasemissions,exacerbatingclimatechange.A.Furthermore,thedemandforenergybycitydwellers,especiallyforheating,airconditioning,andtravel,resultsingreateremissionsofgreenhousegases,worseningthesituationofclimatechange.B.Additionally,urbanresidents'highenergyconsumption,mainlyforheating,cooling,andtransportation,leadstoincreasedgreenhousegasemissions,therebyintensifyingglobalclimatechange.C.Theenergyrequirementsofurbanpopulations,particularlyformaintainingindoortemperaturesandtransportation,contributetohigherlevelsofgreenhousegasemissions,whichamplifytheeffectsofclimatechange.D.Thesubstantialenergyusedbypeopleinurbanareas,especiallyforheating,cooling,andcommuting,producesmoregreenhousegases,contributingtotheaccelerationofclimatechange.Urbanizationalsochallengestraditionalruralgovernancestructures.Aslandisconvertedandpopulationsbecomemoreconcentrated,existingadministrativeframeworksmaystruggletomanagethenewsocial,economic,andenvironmentalrealities.Integratingformerlyruralareasintourbanplanningprocessesrequiresnewapproachesandofteninvolvesconflictsbetweentheinterestsoffarmers,developers,andurbanresidents.Effectivegovernanceinthecontextofurbansprawlmustthereforebalancetheneedsofdifferentstakeholdersandpromotesustainabledevelopmentpracticesthatprotectbothnaturalresourcesandthewell-beingofcommunities.10.Aslandisconvertedandpopulationsbecomemoreconcentrated,existingadministrativeframeworksmaystruggletomanagethenewsocial,economic,andenvironmentalrealities.A.Withthetransformationoflanduseandtheconcentrationofpopulations,currentsystemsoflocalgovernmentmayfinditchallengingtoaddressthenewsocial,economic,andenvironmentalconditions.B.Theconversionoflandandtheclusteringofpopulationscreatenewsocial,economic,andenvironmentalcircumstancesthatexistingadministrativesystemsmaybeill-equippedtohandle.C.Aslandisrepurposedandpopulationsbecomedenser,thecurrentgovernancestructuresmightfacedifficultiesinmanagingtheresultingsocial,economic,andenvironmentalcomplexities.D.Localgovernmentstructures,facingthechangesinlandconversionandpopulationdensity,mayhavetroublegoverningthenewsocial,economic,andenvironmentallandscapesthatemerge.11.Integratingformerlyruralareasintourbanplanningprocessesrequiresnewapproachesandofteninvolvesconflictsbetweentheinterestsoffarmers,developers,andurbanresidents.A.Theincorporationofpreviouslyruralareasintourbanplanningnecessitatesinnovativemethodsandfrequentlyleadstodisagreementsamongthosewithinterestsinfarming,construction,andcityliving.B.Toincludeformerruralzonesinurbanplanningrequiresdifferentstrategiesandoftenresultsinconflictsofinterestamongfarmers,realestatedevelopers,andcitydwellers.C.Newmethodsareneededforintegratingpastruralareasintourbanplanning,andthisoftenbringsdisagreementsbetweentheinterestsofagriculturalists,developers,andurbaninhabitants.D.Theprocessofintegratingformerruralareasintourbanplanningrequiresfreshapproachesandoftensparksconflictsbetweenvariousstakeholdergroups,includingfarmers,builders,andcityresidents.12.Effectivegovernanceinthecontextofurbansprawlmustbalancetheneedsofdifferentstakeholdersandpromotesustainabledevelopmentpracticesthatprotectbothnaturalresourcesandthewell-beingofcommunities.A.Successfulgovernanceofurbanexpansionrequiresconsideringtheneedsofvariousgroupsinvolvedandencouragingsustainablepracticesthatsafeguardboththeenvironmentandcommunityqualityoflife.B.Toeffectivelymanageurbansprawl,governancemustweightherequirementsofdifferentstakeholdersandadvocateforsustainabledevelopmentthatconservesnaturalresourcesandenhancescommunitywell-being.C.Effectiveadministrationofurbansprawlmustaddresstheneedsofdifferentstakeholdersandpromotesustainablegrowthpracticesthatprotectbothnaturalresourcesandthehealthofcommunities.D.Governancestrategiesforurbansprawlneedtobalancetheinterestsofvariouspartiesandencouragesustainablepracticesthatpreservenaturalresourcesandthewelfareofcommunities.試卷答案1.B2.A3.C4.A5.C6.B7.B8.A9.A10.A11.B12.B1.解析思路：原句強(qiáng)調(diào)城市化擴(kuò)張的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了城市住房需求、郊區(qū)生活方式偏好和城市吸引力是推動(dòng)城市邊界向農(nóng)村擴(kuò)張的幾個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的因素，與原意最接近。"Theexpansionofcitiesisprimarilyfueledby..."點(diǎn)明了城市擴(kuò)張的主要?jiǎng)恿κ?.."，后面列舉的三個(gè)因素與原文的三個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)力對(duì)應(yīng)，"contributetothepushingofurbanboundaries"與原文的"drivenby...encroachment"意思相符。2.解析思路：原句說明農(nóng)業(yè)用地因變得有價(jià)值而被轉(zhuǎn)化為住宅或商業(yè)用途。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)了農(nóng)田因被視為豐富且位于郊外，現(xiàn)在變得很有價(jià)值，經(jīng)常被改建成住宅和商業(yè)用途。"Asaresult"對(duì)應(yīng)原文的"Consequently"，"perceivedasplentifulandsituatedontheoutskirts"對(duì)應(yīng)"consideredabundantandperipheral"，"highlysoughtafter,frequentlybeingredevelopedfor..."對(duì)應(yīng)"hasbecomeavaluablecommodity,oftenleadingtoitsconversioninto..."。3.解析思路：原句指出這種轉(zhuǎn)變不僅對(duì)糧食生產(chǎn)有深遠(yuǎn)影響，而且對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)也有深遠(yuǎn)影響。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了將農(nóng)業(yè)用地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉寝r(nóng)業(yè)用途對(duì)糧食供應(yīng)和依賴農(nóng)業(yè)為生數(shù)代人的社區(qū)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)生了重大影響。"Theconversionofagriculturallandhasmajorrepercussionsfor..."對(duì)應(yīng)"transformationhasprofoundimplicationsfor..."，"foodsupplychains"對(duì)應(yīng)"foodproduction"，"socialandeconomicsystemsofcommunitiesbuiltaroundagriculture"對(duì)應(yīng)"thesocio-economicfabricofcommunitiesthathavereliedonagriculture..."。4.解析思路：原句說這些被解雇的人，通常擁有與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的專業(yè)技能，很難適應(yīng)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的需求。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了那些被解雇的人，通常