2022屆重慶市西南大學附屬中學高三上學期第四次月考英語試題（滿分：150分；考試時間：120分鐘）注意事項：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、班級、考場/座位號、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.答選擇題時，必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；答非選擇題時，必須使用0.5毫米的黑色簽字筆書寫；必須在題號對應的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫無效；保持答卷清潔、完整。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回（試題卷自行保管，以備評講）。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillJanedothisFriday?A.Gooutoftown.B.Watchhersister’sdog.C.Havedinnerwithherclassmates.2.Howlongwillthemanstayifhiswifecomes?A.4nights.B.6nights.C.8nights.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheborder.B.Attheairport.C.Atatravelagency.4.Whattimewillthemeetingbegin?A.At11:00am.B.At1:00pm.C.At3:00pm.5.WhatlanguagedoesMr.Blackspeakbest?A.Chinese.B.French.C.Spanish.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）請聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標注在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewoman’sbackpacklooklike?A.Itismadeofleather.B.Thereisapatternonit.C.Ahandkerchiefistiedtoit.7.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Disappointed.B.Relieved.C.Worried.聽下面一段對話，回答8至10題。8.WhatisJohndoing?A.Doingafunproject.B.Emptyingthecupboard.C.Donatingunwantedthings.9.Whatis“freecycling”?A.Awayofrecycling.B.Akindofoldjunk.C.Atravelwebsite.10.WhatdoesJohnwantnow?A.Agorillaarm.B.Amicrophone.C.Abicycle.聽下面一段對話，回答11至13題。11.HowdidHelencontactthecompany?A.Byemail.B.Byphone.C.Byletter.12.Whatisthedutyofthejobinthead?A.Tolookafterchildren.B.Toworkforanewspaper.C.Toserveinaphonecompany.13.OnwhatconditionswouldHelenacceptthejob?ATheplaceisfun.B.Thepayisgood.C.Theworkiseasy.聽下面一段對話，回答14至16題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Teacherandstudent.15.WhatisMr.Jones’suggestion?A.Forminggoodhabits.B.Cancelingtheresearchproject.C.Savingalltheworkforthefinalweek.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theresearchpaper.B.Thechangestotheschedule.C.Theplansfortheendoftheterm.聽下面一段獨白，回答17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?AShopcustomers.B.Cafeemployees.C.Houseagents.18.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Totellthelistenersthemoveofthecafe.B.Toannouncetheopeningofanewshop.C.Toapologizeforthewrongdecisions.19.Whenisanewplaceexpectedtobefound?A.BySeptember.B.ByNovember.C.ByDecember.20.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardthematteringeneral?A.Positive.B.Nervous.C.Confused.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AForpeoplewhostruggletoreadtext,technologycanbealifeline.Actually,assistivetechnology(AT)toolsforreadingcanalsobeusefultostudentswhojustneedsomeextraassistancetoaidreadingfluencyorcomprehension.Thesetoolsareinexpensiveandeasytofind.Theyopenupthewonderfulworldofreading,makingtextaccessibletostudentsofallabilities.Butwithsomanytoolsoutthere,it’snotalwayseasytoknowwhichonestouse.Tohelp,here’saguidetosomebestones.GraphicorganizersTheyarevisualrepresentations,likediagramsandmindmaps,ofideasandconcepts.Youcanusegraphicorganizerstohelpwithcomprehensionwhilereading.Graphicorganizerscanbedigitalorpenandpaper.AnnotationaidsTheyletyoutakenotesandwritecommentswhilereading.Thiscanmakeiteasiertokeepinformation.Annotationaidscanbepartofsoftwareorapps,ortheycanbetraditionalpens,markers,andstickynotes.DisplaycontrolItallowsyoutocontrolhowtextisdisplayed.Whenreadingonascreen,youcanchangethefont(字體),fontsize,andspacingoftext.Youcanalsocoverpartsofthescreentolessendistractions(干擾)whilereading.Text-to-speech(TTS)Itletsyouseetextandhearitreadaloudatthesametime.Tousethistool,youclickonwords,andyou’llhearthewordsreadbycomputer-generatedvoices.Youcanevenreadafteritandrecordyourownvoice.TTScanalsobeusedtochangeanydigitaltextfilesintoaudiofiles.Opticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)Itcanreadaloudtextfromimagesandpictures.YoucanuseOCRbytakingphotosofworksheets,paperdocuments,andevenobjectslikestreetsigns.LikeTTS,OCRusescomputer-generatedvoices.KeepinmindthatusingATreadingtoolswon’tpreventpeoplefromlearningtoread.Forexample,expertssayaudiobookscanactuallyhelpkidsbecomebetterreaders.1.Ifareaderpreferstakinghisfeelingsdownwhilereading,he’dbetteruse________.A.graphicorganizers B.annotationaidsC.displaycontrol D.text-to-speech2.WhatfeaturemakesOCRunique?A.Changingfiletypes. B.Editingphotosofdocuments.C.Readingwordsinpictures. D.Usingcomputer-generatedvoices.3.Accordingtotheauthor,ATreadingtoolsare________.A.accessibleandbeneficial B.expensivebutworthwhileC.helpfulandenergy-efficient D.innovativebutcomplicated【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了幾種最好的閱讀輔助技術(shù)工具?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Annotationaids部分第一句“Theyletyoutakenotesandwritecommentswhilereading.”（它們讓你在閱讀時記筆記和寫評論。）可知，如果一名讀者喜歡在閱讀時寫下他的感受，他最好使用annotationaids。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Opticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)部分第一句“Itcanreadaloudtextfromimagesandpictures.”（它可以從圖像和圖片中大聲朗讀文本。）可知，閱讀圖片中的單詞讓OCR很獨特。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句“Actually,assistivetechnology(AT)toolsforreadingcanalsobeusefultostudentswhojustneedsomeextraassistancetoaidreadingfluencyorcomprehension.Thesetoolsareinexpensiveandeasytofind.”（實際上，閱讀輔助技術(shù)工具對于那些只是需要一些額外幫助來幫助閱讀流暢性或理解的學生也很有用。這些工具不貴，很容易找到。）可知，閱讀輔助技術(shù)工具是可獲得的并且是有益的。故選A。BLouiseMallardhashearttrouble,soshemustbeinformedcarefullyaboutherhusband'sdeath.Louise'shusband'sfriend,Richards,learnedaboutarailroaddisasterwhenhewasinthenewspaperofficeandsawLouise'shusband,Brently,onthelistofthosekilled.LouisebeginssobbingwhenJosephine,hersister,tellsherofBrently'sdeathandgoesupstairstobealoneinherroom.Louisesitsdownandlooksoutofanopenwindow.Sheseestrees,smellsapproachingrain,andhearsapeddleryellingoutwhathe'sselling.Shehearssomeonesingingaswellasthesoundsofsparrows,andtherearewhitecloudsinthesky.Sheisyoung,withlinesaroundhereyes.Stillcrying,shegazesintothedistance.Shefeelssadandtriestoholddownthebuildingemotionswithinher,butcan't.Shebeginsrepeatingtheword"Free"toherselfoverandoveragain.Herheartbeatsquickly,andshefeelsverywarm.Louiseknowsshe'llcryagainwhensheseesBrently'sbody.Hishandsweretender,andhealwayslookedatherlovingly.Butthensheimaginestheyearsahead,whichbelongonlytohernow,andspreadsherarmsoutjoyfullywithanticipation.Shewillbefree,onherownwithoutanyonetooppressher.Shethinksthatallwomenandmenoppressoneanothereveniftheydoitoutofkindness.LouiseknowsthatsheoftenfeltloveforBrentlybuttellsherselfthatnoneofthatmattersanymore.Shefeelsthrilledwithhernewfoundsenseofindependence.Josephinecomestoherdoor,beggingLouisetocomeout,warningherthatshe'llgetsickifshedoesn't.Louisetellshertogoaway.Sheimaginesallthedaysandyearsaheadandhopesthatshelivesalonglife.Thensheopensthedoor,andsheandJosephinestartwalkingdownthestairs,whereRichardsiswaiting.Thefrontdoorunexpectedlyopens,andBrentlycomesin.Hehadn'tbeeninthetrainaccidentorevenawarethatonehadhappened.Josephinescreams,andRichardstriesunsuccessfullytoblockLouisefromseeinghim.DoctorsarriveandannouncethatLouisediedofaheartattackbroughtonbyhappiness.4.HowdidLouiselearnaboutBrently'sdeath?A.Shesawitinthenews. B.Richardsinformedher.C.ShefoundoutthroughJosephine. D.Therailroadcompanynotifiedher.5.WhichwordscandescribeLouiseaftersheheardthenews?A.Excitedandhappy. B.Sadbutrelieved. C.Desperateandlonely. D.Joyfulbutterrified.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“oppressed”inParagraph3mean?A.Fight. B.Suspect. C.Control. D.Fool.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.BrentlyplayedatrickonLouiseonpurpose.B.ThetrainaccidentcausedLouise'sheartattack.C.Josephine'sscreamresultedinLouise'ssuddendeath.D.Brently'ssurvivalwasthelastthingLouisehadexpected.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述Louise得知自己的丈夫Brently死訊后感到很悲傷，但是同時又感到輕松釋懷，最后她接受了丈夫的死亡，甚至開始慶幸自己從此獲得自由，卻沒有想到看到丈夫從門外進來，結(jié)果Louise心臟病發(fā)而亡?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段里面的“LouisebeginssobbingwhenJosephine,hersister,tellsherofBrently'sdeathandgoesupstairstobealoneinherroom.(當Louise的姐姐告訴她丈夫Brently的死訊時，她開始哭泣然后上樓把自己一個人關(guān)在房間里)”可知，Louise是通過Josephine知道了丈夫的死訊。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段里面的“Stillcrying,shegazesintothedistance.Shefeelssadandtriestoholddownthebuildingemotionswithinher,butcan't.(她一邊哭泣一邊凝視著遠方她。她很難過，想試圖控制自己內(nèi)心的情緒，但是沒成功)”和第三段“Shefeelsthrilledwithhernewfoundsenseofindependence.(她對自己新獲得的獨立感到興奮)”可知，她感覺到悲傷，但是同時又輕松釋懷。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Shewillbefree,onherownwithoutanyonetooppressher.(她將會變得自由，獨立，沒有人oppress她)”可知，oppress此處的意思為管控。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Shefeelsthrilledwithhernewfoundsenseofindependence.(她對自己新獲得的獨立感到興奮)”以及最后一段第一句“Thefrontdoorunexpectedlyopens,andBrentlycomesin.(前門突然開了，Brently走了進來)”可知，此時Louise已經(jīng)接受了丈夫的死亡，甚至開始慶幸自己從此獲得自由，卻沒想到看到丈夫從門外進來，所以Brently活著回家是她沒有想到的。故選D。CWhetherhuntingorcompetingforlimitedspaceandresources,humansaretheplanet’ssuperpredator(捕食者).Asthehumanpopulationexpands,it’sgettingharderforothercreaturestofindsomewheretohideduringtheday.Nownewfindingsindicateanimalsaroundtheworldhavecomeupwithanotherstrategy:Theyarebecomingnocturnal(夜間活動的).InapaperpublishedinScience,researchersanalyzed76previousscientificstudiesabouthumanimpactonanimalactivity.Theycomparedanimals’activityduringthedayandnightinareasofhighhumandisturbance(fromhuntingorfarmingtohikingandotheroutdoorrecreation)andlowhumandisturbance(relativelynaturalconditions).Theanalysisshowedanimalsarebecominganaverageof1.36timesmorenocturnalduetohighhumandisturbance.Forexample,inPolandwildboarsgofrom48%nocturnalinnaturalforeststo90%nocturnalinurbanareas.Evenactivitiespeopleconsiderrelativelyinnocuous,suchashikingandwildlifeviewing,stronglyaffectedanimals’dailyrhythms.“Wethinkthatwe’releavingnotraceoftenwhenwe’reoutdoors,butwecanbehavinglastingconsequencesonanimalbehavior,”saysKaitlynGaynor,leadresearcherforthestudy.Thisisnotthefirsttimeanimalshavehadtoliveatnight;duringthetimeofdinosaurs,theywerealsonocturnal.“Dinosaurswerethisubiquitous(無處不在的),scaryforce,andonlyaftertheirextinctiondidmammals(哺乳動物)emergeintothedaylight,”Gaynorsays.“Andnowhumanshavetakenoverandarepushingotheranimalsbackintothenight.”Scientistssuspectbecomingnocturnalmayhurtthosespecieshighlyadaptedtothesun.Theymightnotbeabletolivewellatnight,whichwouldultimatelyhurttheirchancesofsurvivalandreproduction.Perhapsevenmorealarmingeffectscouldbeinthewiderecosystem.InCalifornia’sSantaCruzExactlyhowecologicalcommunitieswillchange,andwhetheritwillbeforbetterorworse,requiresfurtherstudy.Somenighttimeshiftsmaybenefitbothanimalsandhumans,Gaynornotes.Forinstance,tigersinNepalareavoidingpotentiallydeadlyconflictswithpeopleastheybecomemorenocturnal.Studieslikethisonewilleventuallyhelpconservationmanagersmakebetterdecisionsabouthowtoprotectecosystems.“We’llneedtounderstandlocaldynamicstoreallyunderstandhowweshouldbechangingmanagementofwildlifepopulationsorhumanactivities,”Gaynornotes,“Onepotentialapproachmightbetomanagethetimingofhumanactivitiessothatweleavesomeofthedaylightforotheranimals.”8.Howdoanimalsrespondtoincreasinghumandisturbance?A.Bylimitingfoodintake. B.Byleavingtheirhabitat.C.Bycontrollingpopulation. D.Byadjustingdailyroutine.9Whatdoestheunderlinedword“innocuous”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Harmless. B.Recreational. C.Organized. D.Irregular.10.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaurs?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofdaylight. B.Toindicatethedominationofhumans.C.Toillustratemammals’adaptability. D.Todemonstratedinosaurs’power.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutanimals’becomingnocturnal?A.Ithasledtoanewecologicalbalance. B.Itdemandsmoreconservationareas.C.Itmayencouragebio-diversity. D.Itmightbedouble-edged.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。隨著人類人口的增長，其他生物在白天更難找到藏身之處。現(xiàn)在，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，世界各地的動物想出了另一種策略：它們正變成夜行動物?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theanalysisshowedanimalsarebecominganaverageof1.36timesmorenocturnalduetohighhumandisturbance.”（分析顯示，由于人類的干擾，動物的夜間活動平均增加了1.36倍。）可知，動物們通過調(diào)整日常作息來應對日益增加的人類干擾。故選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Wethinkthatwe’releavingnotraceoftenwhenwe’reoutdoors,butwecanbehavinglastingconsequencesonanimalbehavior”（我們認為我們在戶外時通常不會留下任何痕跡，但我們可能會對動物行為產(chǎn)生持久的影響）可知，劃線部分所在句子“Evenactivitiespeopleconsiderrelativelyinnocuous,suchashikingandwildlifeviewing,stronglyaffectedanimals’dailyrhythms.”即使是我們認為相對沒有害處的活動也會極大地影響動物的日常節(jié)奏。所以innocuous意為“無害的”，與harmless同義。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Dinosaurswerethisubiquitous(無處不在的),scaryforce,andonlyaftertheirextinctiondidmammals(哺乳動物)emergeintothedaylight”（恐龍是如此無處不在，令人恐懼的力量，只有在它們滅絕后，哺乳動物才會出現(xiàn)在陽光下）和第三句“Andnowhumanshavetakenoverandarepushingotheranimalsbackintothenight.”（現(xiàn)在人類取代了恐龍，把其它動物們趕回黑夜。）可推知，作者提到恐龍是為了表明人類的統(tǒng)治。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Scientistssuspectbecomingnocturnalmayhurtthosespecieshighlyadaptedtothesun.”（科學家懷疑，夜間活動可能會傷害那些高度適應陽光的物種。）和第六段第二句“Somenighttimeshiftsmaybenefitbothanimalsandhumans”（一些夜間轉(zhuǎn)變可能對動物和人類都有利）可知，動物變成夜間活動對動物和人類既有好處又有壞處，所以是一把雙刃劍。故選D。DChina'shistoric23-dayChang'e5missionhasnotonlyobtainedpreciousrockandsoilsamplesfromthemoon,buthasalsobroughtbackagroupofseedsthattraveledthefurthestinthenation'sagriculturalandforestryhistories.Morethan30kindsofseeds,includingthatofrice,oatsetc.,wereplacedinsidethemulti-moduleChang'e5spacecraftandorbitedaroundthemoonforabout15days.Scientistswishedtocheckwhatwouldhappentotheseedsafterbeingexposedtoextraterrestrial(地外的)forcesinlunarorbitandalsohopedthattheycoulddevelopbeneficialmutations(突變).Thismissionofferedgoodopportunitiestoscientists,whichenabledthemtodeepentheirstudiesontheeffectofcosmicraysonthegrowthandevolutionoflifeonEarth.Space-basedmutationbreedingreferstotheprocessofexposingseedstoforcessuchasmicrogravity,vacuumsandcosmicradiationduringaspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherobservationandplanting.Researchersobserveandexamineseveralgenerationsofplantsgrownfromspace-bredseedsandinvestigatetheirmutations-somearepositiveanddesirablewhileothersarenegative.Thosewithpositivemutationswillbekeptandanalyzed,andwillbeintroducedtofarmersaftertheircertificationandapproval.Spacebreedingcangeneratemutationsfasterandmoreconvenientlythanground-basedexperimentsandcanbringaboutsomedesirabletraitsthatareotherwisehardtointroduce.Comparedwithnaturalorconventionallybredtypesofplants,space-developedversionswithpositivemutationsusuallyfeaturehighernutritionalcontent,greaterannualyields,shortergrowthperiodsandbetterresistancetodiseasesandinsectpests.Chinaconducteditsfirstspacebreedingexperimentin1987,usingasatellitetocarryseedsintospace.Sincethen,hundredsofkindsofseedsandseedlingshavetraveledwithdozensofChinesespaceships.Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsinChinathathavebeenapprovedforlarge-scalecultivation,rangingfromgrainstovegetablesandfruits.TheChang'e5roboticmissionreturned1,731gramsoflunarrockandsoiltoEarth,markingahistoricaccomplishment44yearsafterthelastlunarsubstancesweretakenback.12.WhyweretheseedsplacedinsideChang'e5?A.Topickoutthefittestformutations. B.Tounderstandextraterrestrialforces.C.Tostudytheintensityofcosmicrays. D.Toexposethemtoaspecialenvironment.13.Whatdoweknowaboutspace-basedmutationbreeding?A.Itisnotatime-consumingprocess. B.Mutationsdevelopinarandomway.C.Itoftenbringsaboutdesirableeffects. D.Approvalwillbegrantedtomutatedplants.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisacustomtoputseedlingsonaspacecraft.B.Chinawasthefirsttodoaspacebreedingexperiment.C.Itissometimesinceseedswerelasttakenintospace.D.Spacebreedinghasbroughtuscommercialbenefits.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Space-bredSeedsOfferGreatChances B.Chang'e5ReturnswithaBigPackageC.PlantMutationsResultinaBetterLife D.SeedsfromSpaceMarkaNewHistory【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。包括大米、燕麥等在內(nèi)的30多種種子被放置在多艙“嫦娥五號”飛船內(nèi)，繞月飛行了約15天。這些種子都進行了太空育種。文章對太空育種的概念、優(yōu)勢和收益進行了介紹?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Scientistswishedtocheckwhatwouldhappentotheseedsafterbeingexposedtoextraterrestrial(地外的)forcesinlunarorbitandalsohopedthattheycoulddevelopbeneficialmutations(突變).”（科學家們希望檢查這些種子在月球軌道上受到外星力量的影響后會發(fā)生什么，也希望它們能發(fā)展出有益的突變。）可知，種子被放在嫦娥五號里是為了讓它們暴露在特殊環(huán)境下。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Researchersobserveandexamineseveralgenerationsofplantsgrownfromspace-bredseedsandinvestigatetheirmutations-somearepositiveanddesirablewhileothersarenegative.”（研究人員觀察和檢查了幾代由太空培育的種子長成的植物，并調(diào)查了它們的突變——一些是積極和可取的，而另一些是消極的。）可知，突變是以隨機的方式發(fā)生的。故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsinChinathathavebeenapprovedforlarge-scalecultivation,rangingfromgrainstovegetablesandfruits.”（太空育種已幫助中國培育出200多種新的突變植物，這些植物已獲準進行大規(guī)模種植，從谷物到蔬菜和水果。）可知，太空培育給我們帶來了商業(yè)利益。故選D。【15題詳解】標題判斷題。文章主要講了太空育種給人類帶來了很多好處，相比來說有更多優(yōu)勢，所以選項A（太空培育的種子提供了巨大的機遇）是最好的標題。選項B沒有提到太空育種，選項C沒有提到太空，選項D混淆了概念，不是來自太空的種子，而是從地球帶到太空發(fā)生突變再帶回地球的種子，所以選項B、選項C和選項D都不是合適的標題。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelf-Esteem?Self-esteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Self-esteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas'Tmafailure"and"I'mbeautiful")aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreself-fulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.____16____Healthyself-esteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighself-esteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighself-esteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.____17____Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.____18____Aschildren,manyofthesepeoplewerecriticized,yelledat,orabusedinonewayoranother.Thereisalsoahighchancethattheyweregivennoattentionbytheadultswhoweresupposedtocareforthem.Insomecases,adultswithpoorself-esteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortcomingsorbulliedbypeers.Itiscommonthattheseadultsalsobelievethatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneedtobeperfect.____19____Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingconcrete.Oftentimesthesepeoplehavetopretendtobesomethingtheyarenotjusttogetapproval.Howyoufeelaboutyourselfimpactshowyouliveyourlife.Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendtohavebetterrelationshipsthanthosewithlowself-esteem.____20____Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistance,itcouldberootedinyourlowself-esteem.A.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.B.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat'simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.C.Sinceself-esteemisconnectedtohowweperform,itisimportanttoworkonit.D.Peoplewithpoorself-esteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.E.Thiscreatesanimageintheirmindthatwithoutaccomplishmenttheyareworthless.F.Theyfacefailuretoo,buttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn'tdefinethem.G.Highself-esteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.E20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。自尊是一個人對自己價值的主觀評價。自尊包括對自己的各種信念和生理狀態(tài)。文章對高自尊和低自尊的人進行了對比和說明?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.(當我們不相信自己值得擁有這些東西時，我們享受它們的能力就會受到傷害)”可知，此處是指當我們對人生和自己產(chǎn)生懷疑時，就會有不好的影響。所以選項B.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat'simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.(當我們開始懷疑生活中重要的東西，我們往往會對此做得更少)切合文意，且和前文句式相同。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.(他們可能經(jīng)歷了感情，并得到了足夠關(guān)注。也有可能他們在學習或體育方面表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，并因此受到同齡人的崇拜)”可知，此處是指他們被懷有敬意地對待，所以選項A.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.(也有一個很好的機會讓人們向他們尊敬地說話)切合文意。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Insomecases,adultswithpoorself-esteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortcomingsorbulliedbypeers.(在某些情況下，缺乏自尊的成年人經(jīng)常因為自己的缺點而被嘲笑或被同齡人欺負)”可知，此處是講缺乏自尊的人往往不被尊重，所以選項D.Peoplewithpoorself-esteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.(另一方面，缺乏自尊的人所經(jīng)歷的往往恰恰相反)切合文意。故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Itiscommonthattheseadultsalsobelievethatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneedtobeperfect.(這些成年人也普遍認為，為了被欣賞，他們需要變得完美)”可知，選項E中的this是指人們認為為了被欣賞他們需要變得完美，根據(jù)后文“Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingconcrete.(有些人癡迷于自己的事業(yè)或愛好，因為在他們的腦海中，他們需要把自己的價值與具體的東西聯(lián)系起來)”可知，有些人往往把自己的價值和成就聯(lián)系在一起，所以選項E.Thiscreatesanimageintheirmindthatwithoutaccomplishmenttheyareworthless.(這在他們的腦海中造成了一種形象，沒有成就，他們是毫無價值的)切合文意。故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistance,itcouldberootedinyourlowself-esteem.(所以如果你掙扎著去尋求幫助，那可能是因為你的自卑)”可知，自尊心高的人不會糾結(jié)于是否要尋求幫助，所以選項G.Highself-esteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.(高自尊能讓你在需要的時候向周圍的人尋求幫助和支持)切合文意。故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）IamcurrentlycyclingtrailsaroundAustralia,andamabouttocycletheNullarbortoraisefundsforMS(多發(fā)性硬化癥).IhaveMSmyselfandthejourney____21____takestimeandenergy,butcyclingisa(n)____22____forme.However,whiletravelling,Iwas____23____tofindthatIhadmybikestolenbyanot-so-kindperson.ThehumankindnessIhavebeenshownsincethishappenedhasbeen____24____shortofamazing.Awarm-heartedladydonatedmeamountainbikeincaseIhadto____25____myscheduledplan.DuetoMS,Iamveryshort,whichmakesitalmost____26____tofindabikeinmysize.Evenso,myhometown____27____meup,managingtohelpbuyanextrasmallsizedbike,whichIeventuallyfoundwasjustmy____28____.Sofar,peoplehave____29____toputmeup,selflesslyprovidedmewithdaily____30____forridinglongdistancesandputmoneyintomyhandstoletmegotowardsthecause,asthey____31____mefromanewspaperreport.My____32____isthattherearesomanykindpeopleoutthere.NevercanIlettheunkind____33____ofsofewruinthefactthattheworldconsistsofmorekindpeoplethanunkindpeople.That,initself,is____34____.Itwon’tbelongbeforeIhitthatlongstretchofroadanddomybitto____35____society.21.A.hardly B.undoubtedly C.somehow. D.otherwise22.A.challenge B.fame C.entertainment. D.competition23.A.discouraged B.scared C.ashamed. D.amused24.A.everything B.something C.nothing. D.anything25.A.cancel B.continue C.make. D.update26.A.effortless B.impossible C.shameful. D.unreasonable27.A.brought B.dressed C.signed. D.backed28.A.design B.mission C.order. D.type29.A.offered B.agreed C.promised. D.hesitated30.A.messages B.necessities C.arrangements. D.vehicles31.A.recognize B.search C.teach. D.select32.A.advice B.point C.purpose. D.intention33.A.remarks B.criticisms C.excuses. D.actions34.A.difference B.punishment C.hope. D.trust35.A.fitinwith B.givebackto C.keeppacewith. D.holdonto【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.D29.A30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者自己患有多發(fā)性硬化癥，并且正在澳大利亞各地的自行車道騎行，為多發(fā)性硬化癥籌集資金。旅程中作者的自行車被盜走了，但這一不友善的行為并沒有奪走作者的希望，因為有更多的人去幫助作者完成計劃。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我自己也患有多發(fā)性硬化癥，這段旅程無疑需要時間和精力，但騎行對我來說是一項娛樂。A.hardly幾乎不；B.undoubtedly無疑地；C.somehow莫名奇妙地；D.otherwise否則。根據(jù)前文的“IamcurrentlycyclingtrailsaroundAustralia,andamabouttocycletheNullarbortoraisefundsforMS(多發(fā)性硬化癥).”可知，作者目前正在澳大利亞各地的自行車道上騎自行車，并準備騎自行車到納拉伯為多發(fā)性硬化癥籌集資金，所以這段為了募捐騎行的旅程無疑是需要花費時間和精力的。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我自己也患有多發(fā)性硬化癥，這段旅程無疑需要時間和精力，但騎行對我來說是一項娛樂。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.fame名聲；C.entertainment娛樂；D.competition競賽。根據(jù)空前的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，雖然募捐騎行的旅程需要花費時間和精力，但是騎行對我來說是一項娛樂。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:然而，在旅行時，我沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)我的自行車被一個不太善良的人偷了。A.discouraged沮喪的；B.scared害怕的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.amused被逗樂的。根據(jù)下文“Ihadmybikestolenbyanot-so-kindperson.”可知，作者的自行車被偷了，所以可以推斷，作者感到很沮喪。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意:自從這件事發(fā)生以來，我所感受到的人類的善意簡直令人驚嘆。A.everything每件事；B.something一些事；C.nothing沒有事；D.anything任何事。根據(jù)下文“Awarm-heartedladydonatedmeamountainbike”及后面內(nèi)容可知，這件事發(fā)生之后，作者得到很多幫助，所以此處表示作者感受到很多善意，簡直讓人驚嘆。nothingshortof意為“無異于，簡直就是”，符合語境。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位熱心的女土捐贈給我一輛山地車，以防我不得不取消原定計劃。A.cancel取消；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.make制作；D.update更新。根據(jù)“incase”和空后的“myscheduledplan”可知，這位熱心的女士捐贈給作者一輛山地車，以防作者不得不取消原定計劃。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于多發(fā)性硬化癥，我很矮，所以幾乎不可能找到一輛符合我尺寸的自行車。A.effortless不費力的；B.impossible不可能的；C.shameful可恥的；D.unreasonable不合理的。根據(jù)上文“Iamveryshort”可知，作者個頭很矮，所以可以推斷找到一輛符合作者尺寸的自行車很難，幾乎并不可能。故選B項。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，我的家鄉(xiāng)還是支持我，設(shè)法幫我買了一輛超小型自