在高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)階階段，選修課程為我們展現(xiàn)了更為豐富的語言現(xiàn)象和更具靈活性的表達(dá)方式。對(duì)這些核心句型的熟練掌握與靈活運(yùn)用，不僅是提升閱讀理解能力的關(guān)鍵，更是寫出地道、流暢英文表達(dá)的基石。本文將對(duì)高中英語選修階段的重點(diǎn)句型進(jìn)行梳理與提煉，并輔以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，助你夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，提升語言運(yùn)用的精準(zhǔn)度與得體性。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：超越簡單句的表達(dá)非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）是選修階段理解和運(yùn)用的重點(diǎn)，它們能使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊，表達(dá)更簡潔。1.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(Infinitive)*核心結(jié)構(gòu)1：todosth.(作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語)*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，避免句子頭重腳輕；作狀語可表目的、結(jié)果或原因（常為出乎意料的結(jié)果，如onlytodo）。*典型例句：*Itisimportanttodevelopagoodreadinghabit.(作主語，it為形式主語)*Shemanagedtofinishthetaskaheadofschedule.(作賓語)*Wehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(作結(jié)果狀語，表出乎意料)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1：1._______(master)aforeignlanguagerequiresconsistenteffortandpractice.2.Theteacherraisedhervoice_______(make)herselfheardbyallstudents.2.分詞結(jié)構(gòu)(Participle)*核心結(jié)構(gòu)2：doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)/done(過去分詞)(作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語)*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常與主句主語一致。*典型例句：*Thegirlreadinganovelunderthetreeismysister.(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，主動(dòng))*Encouragedbyherteacher,shedecidedtotryagain.(過去分詞作狀語，被動(dòng))*IfoundthedoorlockedwhenIgothome.(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表狀態(tài))*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2：1._______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksevenmorebeautiful.2.Theproblem_______(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.3.動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)(Gerund)*核心結(jié)構(gòu)3：doingsth.(作主語、賓語、表語、定語)*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)名詞常表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。許多動(dòng)詞（如enjoy,mind,practice,suggest）和介詞后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。*典型例句：*Swimmingisagoodformofexercise.(作主語)*Headmittedbreakingthewindow.(作賓語)*Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.(作表語)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練3：1.Heapologizedfor_______(arrive)lateforthemeeting.2._______(learn)aboutdifferentculturesbroadensourhorizons.二、復(fù)合句的高級(jí)運(yùn)用：從句的靈活駕馭選修階段對(duì)名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的考查更為深入，強(qiáng)調(diào)其在復(fù)雜語境中的應(yīng)用。1.名詞性從句的深化*核心結(jié)構(gòu)4：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句(連接詞that,whether,if,疑問代詞/副詞)*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句常可省略，但引導(dǎo)主語從句（置于句首時(shí)）、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)不可省略。whether與if在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)有時(shí)可互換，但在介詞后、不定式前或與ornot連用時(shí)，只能用whether。同位語從句常用來解釋說明先行詞（如fact,news,idea,possibility）的具體內(nèi)容。*典型例句：*Whatmattersmostisyourattitudetowardslife.(主語從句)*Iwonderwhether/ifshewillacceptourinvitation.(賓語從句)*Thefactthathehadcheatedintheexamsurprisedeveryone.(同位語從句)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練4：1.Thequestionis_______wecanfinishtheprojectontime.(用適當(dāng)連接詞填空)2._______hesucceededintheendwasduetohisperseverance.(用適當(dāng)連接詞填空)2.定語從句的拓展*核心結(jié)構(gòu)5：關(guān)系代詞(which,who,whom,whose,that)與關(guān)系副詞(where,when,why)引導(dǎo)的定語從句*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：注意“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（如bywhich,inwhom）；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句（如asweallknow）；區(qū)分which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容。*典型例句：*Thisisthemuseumwherewesawtheancientartifacts.(關(guān)系副詞where)*Hewasawardedaprize,whichmadehisparentsveryproud.(which指代整個(gè)主句)*Thebook,thecoverofwhichisred,belongstome.(介詞+關(guān)系代詞)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練5：1.Thescientist_______wemetyesterdayhasmadegreatcontributionstomedicine.(用適當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞填空)2.Wevisitedthevillagelastyear,_______manychangeshavetakenplacesincethen.(用適當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞填空)3.狀語從句的精準(zhǔn)運(yùn)用*核心結(jié)構(gòu)6：各種狀語從句(時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較、方式等)*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：注意區(qū)分引導(dǎo)詞的含義與用法，如though/although與but不可連用；inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句常與can/could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用；so...that...與such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)差異。*典型例句：*Althoughheisyoung,hehasalotoflifeexperience.(讓步狀語從句)*Speakclearlysothateveryonecanunderstandyou.(目的狀語從句)*Themoviewassomovingthatmanypeoplecried.(結(jié)果狀語從句)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練6：1._______youstudyharder,youwillnotpasstheexam.(用適當(dāng)連詞填空)2.Heran_______fast_______hewontherace.(用so...that...或such...that...填空)三、特殊句式：提升表達(dá)的豐富性與強(qiáng)調(diào)性1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句(EmphaticSentence)*核心結(jié)構(gòu)7：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語、狀語等。強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who，其他情況用that。*典型例句：*ItwasTomwho/thathelpedmeyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)*ItwasintheparkthatImetmyoldfriend.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練7：1.Sheboughtanewdressintheshoplastweek.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語"anewdress")_________________________________________________________2.倒裝句(Inversion)*核心結(jié)構(gòu)8：部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前)與完全倒裝(謂語動(dòng)詞全部提前)*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：常見于否定副詞（如never,hardly,seldom）位于句首時(shí)；"only+狀語"位于句首時(shí)；so/neither/nor表示"也/也不"時(shí)；以及某些表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間的副詞位于句首且主語是名詞時(shí)。*典型例句：*NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset.(部分倒裝)*Onlybyworkinghardcanweachieveourgoals.(部分倒裝)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練8：1.HehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore.(改為倒裝句)_________________________________________________________2.Wecansolvethisproblemonlyinthisway.(改為倒裝句)_________________________________________________________3.虛擬語氣(SubjunctiveMood)*核心結(jié)構(gòu)9：用于條件狀語從句、賓語從句、主語從句等*功能與用法點(diǎn)睛：這是選修階段的難點(diǎn)。需掌握與現(xiàn)在、過去、將來事實(shí)相反的條件句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式（如if從句用一般過去時(shí)/were，主句用would/could/might+do；if從句用haddone，主句用would/could/might+havedone等）。此外，還要注意一些特殊詞（如suggest,demand,order,itisimportantthat...）后接從句時(shí)用"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。*典型例句：*IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)*Shesuggestedthatwe(should)startearly.(賓語從句虛擬)*Itisnecessarythathe(should)attendthemeeting.(主語從句虛擬)*實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練9：1.Ifshe_______(study)harder,she_______(pass)theexamlastterm.(用虛擬語氣填空)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練參考答案實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1:1.Mastering/Tomaster2.tomake實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2:1.Seen2.discussed實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練3:1.arriving2.Learning實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練4:1.whether/how/if(根據(jù)語境，此處whether或how更優(yōu))2.That實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練5:1.whom/who/that2.where/inwhich實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練6:1.Unless2.so,that實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練7:1.Itwasanewdressthatsheboughtintheshoplastweek.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練8:1.NeverhashebeentoBeijingbefore.2.Onlyinthiswaycanwe