高一英語閱讀理解(教育文化)答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Formanyparents,raisingateenagerislikefightingalongwar,butyearsgobywithoutanyclearwinner.Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?

Bothsideswantpeace,butneitherfeelsithasanypowertostoptheconflict.Inpart,thisisbecauseneitheriswillingtoadmitanyresponsibilityforstartingit.Fromtheparents'pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents'completeunreasonableness.Andofcourse,theteensseeitinexactlythesameway,exceptoppositely.Bothfeeltrapped.

Inthisarticle,I'lldescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirstno-winsituationisquarrelonunimportantthings.Examplesincludethecoloroftheteen'shair,thecleannessofthebedroom,thepreferredstyleofclothing,thechild'sfailuretoeatagoodbreakfastbeforeschool,orhistendencytosleepuntilnoonontheweekends.Second,blaming.Thegoalofablamingbattleistomaketheotheradmitthathisbadattitudeisthereasonwhyeverythinggoeswrong.Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatthetopicis—politics,thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg—thepointoftheseargumentsistoprovethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredanauthority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—andthereforetocommandrespect.Unfortunately,aslongasparentsandteenscontinuetoassumethattheyknowmorethantheother,they'llcontinuetofightthesebattlesforeverandnevermakeanyrealprogress.（1）Whydoestheauthorcomparetheparentteenwartoaborderconflict?A.

Bothcancontinueforgenerations.

B.

Bothareaboutwheretodrawtheline.C.

Neitherhasanyclearwinner.

D.

Neithercanbeputtoanend.（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Theteensblametheirparentsforstartingtheconflict.B.Theteensagreewiththeirparentsonthecauseoftheconflict.C.Theteensaccusetheirparentsofmisleadingthem.D.Theteenstendtohaveafullunderstandingoftheirparents.（3）Parentsandteenswanttoberightbecausetheywantto__________.A.giveorderstotheotherB.knowmorethantheotherC.gainrespectfromtheotherD.gettheothertobehaveproperly（4）Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Causesfortheparent-teenconflictsB.Examplesoftheparent-teenwarC.Solutionstotheparent-teenproblemsD.Futureoftheparent-teenrelationship【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，對于父母來說，撫養(yǎng)一個十幾歲的孩子就像是打一場持久戰(zhàn)，但是是一場沒有贏家的持久戰(zhàn)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?”可知和鄰國之間的邊界紛爭一樣，兩代人之間的戰(zhàn)爭是關(guān)于界限的：我所能控制的和你所做的之間的界限。選B。（2）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Fromtheparents'pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents'completeunreasonableness.”可知，從父母的觀點來看，他們之間斗爭的唯一原因就是他們的青春期的孩子的完全不講道理。劃線句子意為:青少年也正好是同樣的方式看待的，只是正好相反的，也就是在孩子們看來，斗爭的原因完全是他們的父母蠻不講理。選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Third,needingtoberight,Itdoesn'tmatterwhatthetopicis–politics.Thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg–thepointoftheseargumentsistoprovethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredanauthority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—and

thereforetocommandrespect”可知，他們爭論的話題是什么不重要，重要的是他們要證明自己是對的，而對方是不對的，從而贏得尊重。選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)由最后一段中的“Inthisarticle,I'lldescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.”可知，在這篇文章中，作者將描述三種通常會引起青少年和父母之間斗爭的情形，然后提出幾種解決的方法。最后一段介紹了三種情形，所以接下來討論的該是解決的方法了。選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.HeservedasAmerican'sfirstpresidentfrom1789to1797.PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe"Fatherofhiscountry."

ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.HewasthemainwriteroftheDeclarationofindependencein1776.Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaplantexpert,architect,musicianandinventor.

AnotherofAmerican'sgreatestpresidents,AbrahamLincoln,isonthefive-dollarbill.Heservedasthesixteenthpresidentfrom1861until1865.HesuccessfullyledthecountrythroughtheCivilWar,savedtheUnionandendedslavery.

ThepictureofAlexanderHamiltonappearsontheten-dollarbill.Hamiltonwasneverpresident.ButhewasthefirstSecretaryoftheTreasuryandoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaneconomistandpoliticalphilosopher.

AndrewJacksonwastheseventhpresident,servingfrom1829to1837.Hesupportedpopulardemocracyandindividualliberty.Hispictureisonthetwenty-dollarbill.

Anotherpresidentisonthefifty-dollarbill.UlyssesS.Grantservedfrom1869to1877.Beforeservingaspresident,GrantwasmilitarycommanderofUnionforcesduringtheCivilWar.Underhiscommand,theUnionArmydefeatedConfederateforces.

Sowhodoyouthinkisontheonehundred-dollarbill?ItisBenjaminFranklin.Franklinwasneverelectedpresident,butwasoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaleadingwriterandprinter,politicalthinker,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civilactivist,anddiplomat.

TheseAmericanstatesmenareonthefrontofthebills.Thebacksofthenotesshowimagesfromnation'shistoryorfamousplaces.Theyareinorder,theGreatSealoftheUnitedStates,thesigningofDeclarationofIndependenceandtheLincolnMemorial.TheothersaretheTreasuryBuilding,theWhiteHouse,theCapitolBuildingandindependenceHall.（1）ThedesignofthebillsshowsthatAmericansvaluestheirpeople's__________.A.

talentsinmanyways

B.

successintheircareersC.

inventionsinnewfields

D.

contributionstothecountry（2）Forhundredsofyears,thosehistoricmenonthebillsfoughtforthenation's____________.A.

economyandpower

B.

independenceanddemocracyC.

wealthandsuccess

D.

faithandglory（3）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

MenontheMoney

B.

theDesignofUSBillsC.

HistoryontheMoney

D.

theStoryofUSBills【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們對國家所做出的貢獻。（1）考查推理判斷。文章在描述每一種面值的紙幣上的人物時，都著重描寫他們對國家的作用與影響，GeorgeWashington是第一任總統(tǒng)，ThomasJefferson獨立宣言的主要起草者，AbrahamLincoln結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，廢除奴隸制，AlexanderHamilton第一個財政部長和開國元勛之一，AndrewJackson支持大眾民主和個人自由，BenjaminFranklin開國元勛之一，從而可判斷美國人民看重的是偉人對這個國家做出的貢獻。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe‘Fatherofhiscountry.’"；第二段中的“Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.”及下文對美元上其他人物的介紹可知，文章中提到的這些歷史上著名的人物，無論是獨立戰(zhàn)爭，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，還是獨立宣言的起草與簽署都反映出他們?yōu)闋幦业莫毩⑴c民主所做出的努力與犧牲。故選B。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.第二段中的ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們對國家所做出的貢獻。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

SomeAfricanschoolsareaddingprogramsthatteachwhatofficialsarecalling"softskills"tostudents.Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife.

ThetrainingisbeingofferedattheSt.BernadetteKamonyiSecondarySchoolinKigali,Rwanda.Forweeks,itsstudentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinesses.Thegoalofthesefieldtripsisfortheyoungpeopletolearnwhatisnecessarytosecureajob.

Forthesecondaryschoolstudents,thisinformationisimportant.Inafewmonths,they'llcompletetheirstudiesandtrytheirbesttofindwork.OneoftheRwandanstudentsis22-year-oldAminadabNiyitegeka.Hesayshewilllookforanyjobavailable.Hehopesthatwhathelearnsinhisworkreadinessclasswillhelp.Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining.Itispartofanefforttopreparestudentstobecomebettercommunicators,problemsolversandcitizens(公民).

RwandahasstartedaworkreadinesstrainingprogramcalledAkaziKanozeAccess.Itmeans"workwelldone"inKinyarwanda,theofficiallanguageofRwanda.Theprogramhastrainedmorethan20,000studentstohelpmakethemmoreappealingtoemployers.

EmmanuelNtagungiraisateacherandworksasatrainerforAkaziKanozeAccess,Heoftenvisitsemployerswhohavegivenjobstohighschools.Theemployersareveryhappybecausethegraduatesarereadytowork.Hesayshehopestheprogramwillhelplowerunemployment,whichstandsatover13percentnationwide.Healsoexplainsthatthegraduateshaveahealthymindsetandemployersaresatisfiedwiththejobthey'vebeendoing.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleof"softskills"?A.Beingcompetentinsoftware.B.Communicatingwithotherswell.C.Makingagoodspeechinpublic.D.Havingagoodsenseofcooperation.（2）InwhatwayhavesecondaryschoolsinAfricachanged?A.Theyfocusonmathematicsandscience.B.Theyignoreareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.C.Theyapplynewteachingmethods.D.Theymakeanefforttoofferstudentssoftskills.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheprogramKaziKanozeAccessaimstoappealtoemployers.B.AminadabNiyitegekawilldefinitelyfindagoodjobaftergraduation.C.Studentswithsoftskillsarelikelytogetalongwellwithothers.D.Studentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinessestosecureajob.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在非洲一些地區(qū)和學(xué)校實施的“軟技能”項目，即關(guān)注學(xué)生個人品質(zhì)教學(xué)項目的實施情況，這種培訓(xùn)可以幫助學(xué)生在就業(yè)市場和生活中取得成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers”可知，軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。所以軟件操作不是個人品質(zhì)，就不是軟技能。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining”可知傳統(tǒng)上，非洲的中學(xué)花時間在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等科目上，很大程度上會忽略公共演講和團隊協(xié)作等領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在這樣的情況正在改變。學(xué)校正在探索新的教學(xué)模式以提供軟技能和專業(yè)訓(xùn)練。所以非洲中級學(xué)校的改變是他們努力教給學(xué)生軟技能。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife”可知軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。權(quán)威人士說這樣的訓(xùn)練能幫助學(xué)生在找工作和生活中成功。因此軟技能幫學(xué)生跟人和睦相處。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Therearearound600,000vegans(素食者)intheUK.That'sjustover1%ofthepopulation—anamountexpectedtoincreaseto25%by2025.Andifthere'sonetypeoffoodthatBritslove,itisfastfood.PeopleintheUKloveitsomuchthattherewasa34%increaseinthenumberoffastfoodoutletsfrom2010to2018.It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.

Veganfastfoodhasbecomebigbusiness.AtJustEat,anonlinefooddeliverycompany,veganordersmorethandoubledin2018.Greggs,achainofhigh-streetbakeries,nameditsvegansausagerollthe"fastest-sellingproductinsixyears".AndbigfranchisessuchasMcDonald'sandKFChaveannouncedmeat-freechickennuggets(雞塊)tocomeinthefuture.

What's.drivingthispopularity?KatrinaFox,founderofVeganBusinessMedia,believesit'stheresultofthebreakingdownofstereotypes(成見)."Veganfoodisnolongerseenasabitoflettuceandlentils—youcaneatprettymuchanything".

It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.JohnMarulanda,ownerofMooshiesisaveganburgerbarinLondon—wantstoimplement"achangetoahealthyversionoffastfood.Something,heclaims,thatcomesasaresultoftheinherentnutritionalvalueoftheingredientstheyuse.

But,isveganfastfoodactuallyhealthy?AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays"nottoassume"thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem,buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.

Giventhecurrentgrowthinorders,thetrendforveganfastfoodisn'tlikelytodisappearanytimesoon,Health—wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany,thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.（1）What'sthemainideaofParagraph1?A.VegansintheUKareincreasing.B.Britishpeoplelovejunkfood.C.Eatingtoomuchfastfoodisbadforhealth.D.VeganfastfoodisbecomingpopularinBritain.（2）Whichmightbethereasonforthepopularityofveganfastfood?A.Itsuniqueflavors.B.Thechangeoflifepace.C.Itshealthbenefits.D.Itscolorfuldecorations.（3）WhatisAzminaGovindji'sopinionaboutveganfastfood?A.Itisnotsohealthy.B.Itismorevaried.C.Itismorenutritious.D.Itwillsoondisappear.（4）Whydomanypeopletendtoveganfastfoodaccordingtothelastsentence?A.Tokeepabalanceddiet.B.Forreligiousreasons.C.Outoftheloveforanimals.D.It'scheaperthanregularfood.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，素食快餐在英國越來越受歡迎，文章陳述了它受歡迎的潛在原因。于此同時，也有人認(rèn)為素食快餐并沒有那么健康，可能人們選擇素食快餐是出于對動物的愛。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.”毫無以外，素食快餐也在增加，可知，本段主要講述隨著快餐在英國的增加，素食快餐也在增加，即素食快餐在英國變得越來越受歡迎。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.”它還聲稱對健康有益)可知，素食快餐流行的原因之一是對健康有好處。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays‘nottoassume’thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem..buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.”英國飲食協(xié)會的AzminaGovindji說，“不要假設(shè)”是這樣的情況，“如果這些產(chǎn)品含有維生素B12就好了，加入碘或鈣。但是它們?nèi)匀皇怯驼?，仍然有許多奶油、脂肪和很多鹽?！笨赏茰y，AzminaGovindji認(rèn)為素食快餐并沒有那么健康，因為它們?nèi)匀挥脕碛驼ǎ写罅恐竞望}。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Health-wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany，thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.”在健康方面，它可能不會比普通快餐更營養(yǎng)，但對于很多人來說，在整個過程中沒有動物受苦是一大好處，可知，很多人選擇素食快餐是因為沒有動物的痛苦在里面，故推測他們是出于對動物的愛而選擇素食快餐的。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Painkillers(止痛藥)areturningouttobearealpain:accordingtoanewstudyintheBritishMedicalJournal.Takingthemforjustaweekcanincreaseyourriskofheartattackby50%.Theresearchsuggestedthattheriskrelatedtotheuseofcertaindrugswasgreatestwithhigherdoses(服用量)andduringthefirstmonthofuse.Thepotentialriskmayincreaseby75%formedicineslikeibuprofen(布洛芬)andnaproxen,andmorethan100%forrofecoxib.

Itallsoundsbadbut,yourriskisverylow,—say,oneinamillion—a100%increasemeansyoustillonlyhaveatwoinamillionchance.Ofcourse,allpainkillingmedicationthatworkscanhavesideeffects—nothingissafeandeffective.Paracetamol(撲熱息痛)hasveryfewunlesstakentoomuch,inwhichcaseitcancauseseriousliverdanger,butitisn'tveryeffective.Drugslikeopiatesarestrongpainkillersbuteasytobeaddictedandoftenhaveotherbadeffects.Maybeyoufindthatyouareinadilemmanow.Butdon'tdespair;youcanrefertoapainclinicforsomeprofessionalguidance.Forongoingpain,musicandexercisemaybethebestchoicestohelpyoureducethefeelingofit.

ScientistatHarvardhaverecentlydoneaquitehorriblestudyonmice.Theymadethemiceexperienceextremesofhotandcold,appliedpressuretotheirbacklegsandinjectedthecapsaicin(辣椒素)intotheirfeet.Andthentheytimedhowlongittookthemtorespondtothepain.Lackofsleepincreasedthediscomfort,whilestimulants(興奮劑)suchascaffeinemadethemlessresponsivetopain.Thishasbeenwidelyreportedthatagoodnight'ssleepandacupofcoffeeinthemorningmayhelpreducepain.

Butanyway

don'tthrowthepillsawaybecausethestudyalsoshowstakingsmalldosesofdrugs,suchasforshortperiodsoftimecanbeeffectiveandsafeaslongasyourheartisingoodcondition.（1）Whichofthefollowingpainkillershasfewestside-effects?A.Ibuprofen.B.Naproxen.C.Rofecoxib.D.Paracetamol.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“despair”inParagraph2referto?A.Takeitseriously.B.Takeanyrisks.C.Losehope.D.Feeldoubtful.（3）Theexampleofmiceisusedtoshowthat____A.micecanstandextremepressureB.goodsleepandcoffeemaydecreasepainC.legsandfeetaremoresensitivetopainD.capsaicinandstimulantscanhelpreducepain（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtostoptakingpainkillers.B.Anewwayofreducingpain.C.Theriskoftakingpainkillers.D.Howtoavoidpainkillers'sideeffects.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，根據(jù)《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》的一項新研究，止痛藥正變成一種真正的疼痛。只服用一周就會使心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險增加50%。文章主要說明了止痛藥存在的風(fēng)險，以及說明了其他一些可以有助于減輕疼痛的方法。研究還表明，只要你的心臟狀況良好，服用小劑量的藥物仍然是有效和安全的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theresearchsuggestedthattheriskrelatedtotheuseofcertaindrugswasgreatestwithhigherdoses(服用量)andduringthefirstmonthofuse.Thepotentialriskmayincreaseby75%formedicineslikeibuprofen(布洛芬)andnaproxen,andmorethan100%forrofecoxib.”研究表明，在使用某些藥物的第一個月，服用高劑量藥物的風(fēng)險最大。布洛芬和萘普生等藥物的潛在風(fēng)險可能增加75%，羅非昔布增加100%以上；及第二段中的“Paracetamolhasveryfewunlesstakentoomuch,inwhichcaseitcancauseseriousliverdanger,butitisn'tveryeffective.”撲熱息痛的含量很少，除非服用過量，在這種情況下，它會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的肝危險，但不是很有效，可知，在Ibuprofen，Naproxen，Rofecoxib和Paracetamol四種藥物之中，Paracetamol的副作用最小。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Maybeyoufindthatyouareinadilemmanow.”也許你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你現(xiàn)在處于一個兩難的境地；以及“youcanrefertoapainclinicforsomeprofessionalguidance”你可以向疼痛診所尋求一些專業(yè)指導(dǎo))可知，雖然也許你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你現(xiàn)在處于一個兩難的境地，但是不必絕望，你還可以向疼痛診所尋求一些專業(yè)指導(dǎo)。故劃線單詞意思是“絕望的”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“…agoodnight'ssleepandacupofcoffeeinthemorningmayhelpreducepain.”晚上睡個好覺，早上喝杯咖啡有助于減輕疼痛，可知，老鼠的例子表明良好的睡眠和咖啡可以減輕疼痛。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Painkillersareturningouttobearealpain:accordingtoanewstudyintheBritishMedicalJournal.Takingthemforjustaweekcanincreaseyourriskofheartattackby50%.”根據(jù)《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》的一項新研究，止痛藥正變成一種真正的疼痛。只服用一周就會使心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險增加50%)結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容為說明止痛藥存在的風(fēng)險，以及應(yīng)對方法，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Abouttwomonthsago,XingYanstartedexperiencinginsomniaforthefirsttime.

"Itdevelopedsuddenly.Iwasunderheavypressurefromworkatthetime.Icouldnotfallasleepatallatnight,andwaswideawakeuntildawn.Itriednottothinkofthethingsthatweretroublingmeandforgetthem,butthethoughtsquicklyreturned,makingitevenharderformetofallasleep,"saidthebankemployeefromFushun,Liaoningprovince.

Beforetheinsomniadeveloped,Xinghadregularlyexperiencedlessseriousrelateddisorders,suchastakingalongtimetofallasleep.Hebelieveshistendencytoworrymaybethecauseofhisinsomnia.

Inadditiontofeelingtiredduringtheday,Xingfeelsheisexperiencingthephysicalconsequencesofinsomnia,suchasanunexplainedstomachache.

"IbecameveryfrightenedwhenIrealizedIcouldnotsleepeveryday,"saidthe40-year-old,whohasbeenadmittedtoPekingUniversitySixthHospitalinBeijingfortreatment."Imayberuinedifthissituationcontinues."

Inanattempttoovercomehisproblem,Xingplanstostrictlyfollowtheadviceofhisdoctor,suchasgettingupandgoingtobedatfixedtimes,andtakingmedication.

SunHongqiang,directoroftheSleepMedicineCenteratthehospital,saidhisteamhasseenaconstantriseinthenumberofpatientswithsleepingdisordersinrecentyears.

Despiteseeingabout100patientseveryday,the12doctorsatthecenterareunabletomeetdemand,whichmeansmanypatientsendurealongwaitbeforetheycanconsultaphysician,accordingtoSun.

"Globally,theincidenceofsleepdisordersisrising,"hesaid."InChina,about30percentofthepopulationhassleepdisorders,whilearound10percentfrequentlyexperienceinsomnia."

Itisunclearwhatisbehindtheriseinthenumberofpeoplewithsleepdisorders,buttheproblemmaybelinkedwithfactorssuchaspersonality,brain-relatedillnessesanddisturbedlifestyles,headded.（1）Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"insomnia"?A.Beingunabletosleep.B.Stayinguplate.C.Lowsleepquality.D.Takingalongtimetofallasleep.（2）What'sXing'soccupation?A.Adoctor.B.Abankemployee.C.AstudentfromPekingUniversity.D.Aphysician.（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromSunHongqiang'swords?A.About30%oftheChinesesufferfrominsomnia.B.Doctorsaretoobusytoseepeoplewithinsomnia.C.Physiciansareinhighdemandinthebattleagainstinsomnia.D.Thecausesofinsomniaincludebrain-relatedillnessesanddisturbedlifestyles.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Insomnia—AterriblediseaseB.Insomnia—AnincreasingincidentC.Doctors—IngreatdemandD.Sleepdisorder—Aconstantphenomenon【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了遼寧撫順的銀行員工邢燕的失眠及治療經(jīng)歷，說明了目前全球范圍內(nèi)睡眠障礙的問題。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Icouldnotfallasleepatallatnight,andwaswideawakeuntildawn.”我整夜睡不著覺，一直醒到天亮，可知，邢燕第一次經(jīng)歷了失眠。由此猜測insomnia意為“失眠”。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“saidthebankemployeefromFushun,Liaoningprovince.”可知，邢燕是一名遼寧撫順的銀行員工。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Despiteseeingabout100patientseveryday,the12doctorsatthecenterareunabletomeetdemand,whichmeansmanypatientsendurealongwaitbeforetheycanconsultaphysician,accordingtoSun.”可知，盡管每天約有100名患者就診，但該中心的12名醫(yī)生仍無法滿足需求。由此推知，治療失眠的醫(yī)生的需求很高。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章可知，全球范圍內(nèi)，睡眠障礙的發(fā)病率正在上升。在中國，大約30%的人有睡眠障礙，大約10%的人經(jīng)常失眠。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.

AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,"Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain."TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.

BostonUniversity'sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物學(xué)機制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.

Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.

Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone'sriskofbecomingobese.What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol(白藜蘆醇),acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.（1）Thepassageismainlyforthose___________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight（2）Theunderlinedphrase"inmoderation"inthefirstparagraphmeans___________.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.（4）Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分，適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬀撇⒉粫?dǎo)致人們發(fā)胖，并且適量飲酒會防止人們得糖尿病。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分，適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬀撇⒉粫?dǎo)致人們發(fā)胖。全文都在敘述與之有關(guān)的研究，所以本文應(yīng)該是寫給那些喝酒的人的。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.”盡管酗酒的確可以增加體重，但是那些適當(dāng)飲酒的人實際上會減肥。根據(jù)連詞while可知，上下文存在對比關(guān)系，inmoderation指適當(dāng)?shù)?，有?jié)制的，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.”可知，適量飲酒對于糖尿病有防護作用，也就是說適量飲酒的人不會患上糖尿病。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.”可知，一項研究說明葡萄和紅酒中存在的resveratrol實際上可以破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，那么接下來就應(yīng)該證明這一理論的正確性，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Mostparentsrealizethatadietofsodaandcandyisn'tahealthychoice,butwhatshouldtheydoiftheirchildrenarepickyeaterswhorefusefruitandvegetables?Therearewaystohelpkidseathealthilyandavoidinvolv