大學(xué)英語六級改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷55(共9套)

(共210題)

大學(xué)英語六級改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第1套

一、長篇閱讀(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)

TheBiillivfSuicnlifiuEnglishA)Wuildscienceisduiiiinalcdtodaybyasmalliiumbciof

languages,includingJapanese,GermanandFrench,butitisEnglishwhichisprobably

(hemostpopulargloballanguageofscience.Thisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportanceof

English-speakingcountriessuchastheUSAinscientificresearch;thescientistsofmany

non-English-speakingcountriesfindthattheyneedtowritetheirresearchpapersin

Englishtoreachawideinternationalaudience.B)Giventheprominenceofscientific

Englishtoday,itmayseemsurprisingthatnoonereallyknewhowtowritesciencein

Englishbeforethe17thcentury.Beforethat,Latinwasregardedasthelinguafrancafor

Europeanintellectuals.CiTheEuropeanRenaissance(c.14th-16thcentury)issometimes

calledthe"revivaloflearning",atimeofrenewedinterestinthe''lostknowledge'1of

classicaltimes.Atthesametime,however,scholarsalsobegantotestandextendthis

knowledge.D)TheemergentnationstatesofEuropedevelopedcompetitiveinterestsin

worldexplorationandthedevelopmentoftrade.Suchexpansion,whichwastotakeihe

EnglishlanguagewesttoAmericaandeasttoIndia,wassupportedbyscientific

developmentssuchasthediscoveryofmagnctism(andhcncctheinventionofthe

compass),improvementsincartographyand—perhapsthemostimportantscientific

revolutionofthemall-thenewtheoriesofastronomyandthemovementoftheEarthin

relationtotheplanetsandstars,developedbyCopernicus(1473-1543).E)Englandwas

oneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicizedCopernicanideaswith

enthusiasm.Someofthesescholars,includingtwowithinterestsinlanguage-John

Wall'sandJohnWilkins—helpedFoundtheRoyalSocietyin1660inordertopromote

empiricalscientificresearch.F)AcrossEuropesimilaracademicsandsocietiesarose,

creatingnewnationaltraditionsofscience.Intheinitialstagesofthescientific

revolution,mostpublicationsinthenationallanguageswerepopularworks,

encyclopaedias,educationaltextbooksandtranslations.G)Originalsciencewasnotdone

inEnglishuntilthesecondhalfofthe17thcentury.Forexample,Newtonpublishedhis

mathematicaltreatise,knownasthePrincipia,inLatin,butpublishedhislaterworkon

thepropertiesoflight-Opticks—inEnglish.H)Thcrcwereseveralreasonswhyoriginal

sciencecontinuedtobewritteninLatin.Thefirstwassimplyamatterofaudience.Latin

wassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasocially

wider,butmorelocal,audience.Hence,popularsciencewaswritteninEnglish.I)A

secondreasonforwritinginLatinmay,perversely,havebeenaconcernforsecrecy.

Openpublicationhaddangersinputtingintothepublicdomainpreliminarj/ideaswhich

hadnotyetbeenfullyexploitedbytheir"author".Thisgrowingconcernabout

intellectualproperlyrightswasafeatureoftheperiod——itreflectedboththehumanist

notionoftheindividual,rationalscientistwhoinventsanddiscoversthroughprivate

intellectuallabour,andthegrowingconnectionbetweenoriginalscienceandcommercial

exploitation.J)Therewassomethingofasocialdistinctionbetween"scholarsand

gentlemen"whounderstoodLatin,andmenoftradewholackedaclassicaleducation.

Andinthemid-17thcenturyitwascommonpracticeformathematicianstokeeptheir

discoveriesandproofssecret,bywritingthemincipher,inobscurelanguages,orin

privatemessagesdepositedinasealedboxwiththeRoyalSociety.Somescientistsmight

havefeltmorecomfortablewithLatinpreciselybecauseitsaudience,though

international,wassociallyrestricted.DoctorsclungthemostkeenlytoLatinasan

"insiderlanguage".K)AthirdreasonwhythewritingoforiginalscienceinEnglishv/as

delayedmayhavebeentodowiththelinguisticinadequacyofEnglishintheearly

modernperiod.Englishwasnotwellequippedtodealwithscientificargument.First,it

lackedthenecessarytechnicalvocabulary.Second,itlackedthegrammaticalresources

requiredtorepresenttheworldinanobjectiveandimpersonalway,andtodiscussthe

relations,suchascauseandeffect,thatmightholdbctv/ccncomplexandhypothetical

entities.L)Fortunately,severalmembersoftheRoyalSocietypossessedaninterestin

languageandbecameengagedinvariouslinguisticprojects.Althoughaproposalin1664

toestablishacommitteeforimprovingtheEnglishlanguagecametolittle,thesociety's

membersdidagreatdealtofosterthepublicationofscienceinEnglishandtoencourage

thedevelopmentofasuitablewritingstyle.M)ManymembersoftheRoyalSocietyalso

publishedmonographsinEnglish.OneofthefirstwasbyRobertHooke,thesociety's

firstcuratorofexperiments,whodescribedhisexperimentswithmicroscopesin

Micrographia(1665).Thisworkislargelynarrativeinstyle,basedonatranscriptoforal

demonstrationsandlectures.N)In1665anewscientificjournal,Philosophical

Transactions,wasinaugurated.PerhapsthefirstinternationalEnglish-languagescientific

journal,itencouragedanewgenreofscientificwriting,thatofshort,focusedaccountsof

particularexperiments.O)The17thcenturywasthusaformativeperiodinthe

establishmentofscientificEnglish.Inthefollowingcenturymuchofthismomentumwas

lostasGermanestablisheditselfastheleadingEuropeanlanguageofscience.Itis

estimatedthatbytheendofthe18thcentury401Germanscientificjournalshadbeen

establishedasopposedto96inFranceand50inEngland.However,inthe19thcentury

scientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthastheindustrialrevolution

createdtheneedfornewtechnicalvocabulary,andnew,specialised,professional

societieswereinstitutedtopromoteandpublishinthenewdisciplines.

1、InseventeenthcenturyBritain,thoseprofoundthinkerscombinedtheirinterestsin

sciencewithanenthusiasminhowtoexpressideas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，在17世紀(jì)的英國，那些先進(jìn)的思想家將他們對科學(xué)的興

趣與對如何表達(dá)想法的熱情結(jié)合在一起。定位于原文E段，“1660”對應(yīng)

4tseventeenthcentuiy,,uinterestsinlanguage”對應(yīng)"anenthusiasminhowtoexpress

ideas”。故選E。

2、TheworldwidescientistshavetowritetheiressaysinEnglishiftheywanttoattract

audiencefromdifferentcountries.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：定位于A段第二句，"Thisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportance

ofEnglisli—speaking...theyneedtowritetheiricseaichpapersinEnglishtoicacha

wideinternationalaudience.”不僅因?yàn)橄衩绹@樣的英語國家在科學(xué)研究中的重要

作用，而且因?yàn)樵S多非英語國家的科學(xué)家為了摭有更多的國際讀者，他們需要用英

語寫論文。即題干大意，如果想要吸引來自不同國家的讀者，全世界的科學(xué)家需要

用英語寫論文。故選A。

3、ScientificEnglishdevelopedagaininthe19thcenturyasadirectresultofthe

industrialrevolution.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)“19世紀(jì)”這一關(guān)鍵詞,定位于原文O段。“However,inthe

19thcenturyscientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthasthe

industrialrevolution...”意為，但是在19世紀(jì)，因?yàn)楣I(yè)革命的興起，科技英語住詞

匯量上再次大幅增長。題干中“asadirectresultofindustrialrevolution”是原文"asthe

induslrialrevolulion”的同義替換，詞匯量上增長即科技英語發(fā)展之意。所以，正確

答案是0。

4^TheanotherreasonforwritinginLatininsteadofinEnglishistokeepdiscoveries

secret.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；題干意為，用拉丁文而不用英語寫作是因?yàn)橄雽l(fā)現(xiàn)的東西保密起

來o定位于原文I段第一句，"AsecondreasonfbrwritinginLatinmay,perversely,

havebeenaconcernforsecrecy.”看起來有點(diǎn)荒謬.但用拉丁文寫的函二個(gè)原因是考

慮到保密性。與題干大意相符，故選I。

5、Anearlyscientificjournalfosteredanewkindofwritingbasedonshortdescription

ofspecificexperiments.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“anearlyscientificjournal”定位于N段第二句。題干意

為，早期的科學(xué)期刊促進(jìn)了一種新的寫作風(fēng)格，即基于對具體實(shí)驗(yàn)的簡潔描述。題

干“early”對應(yīng)"thefirst\"fbster”對應(yīng)"encourage”，ushortaccountsofparticular

experiments”對應(yīng)"shortdescriptionofspecificexperiments"。所以，正確答案選No

6、SincetheimportanceofscientificEnglishnowadays,itisdifficultforustoimagine

thatfewpeoplecouldwritescienceinEnglishbefore1600s.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，因?yàn)槿缃窨萍加⒄Z已非常重要，我們很難想像在1600年

前，很少人會(huì)在科學(xué)文章中用英語寫作。定位于原文B段第一句，題干“since

theimportanceo『與原文"giventheprominenceof為近義替換，"itmayseem

surprising”看起來很不可思議的即難理解的意思。所以，正確答案是B。

7、OnereasonforwritingofpopularscienceinEnglishhasbeentheconcernfora

majorityofaudience.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“popularscience''定位于H段笫三句。拉丁文適用于國際

學(xué)者，但英語可以被大多數(shù)讀者所理解，所以大眾科學(xué)用英語寫成。“amajority

ofaudience”對應(yīng)“asociallywider"。所以，正確答案是H0

8、InBritain,scientistsworriedthatEnglishhadneitherthetechnicalvocabularynorthe

grammaticalresourcestoexpresstheirideas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"technicalvocabulary”和“grammaticalresources”定位于K

段.意為在英國，科學(xué)家擔(dān)心英語缺乏技術(shù)詞匯和語法來表達(dá)思想。所以，選擇K

段。

9、Luckily,scientistsassociatedwiththeRoyalSocietysetaboutdevelopingEnglish.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“RoyalSociety”定位于L段。題下意為，幸運(yùn)的是，科學(xué)

家與皇家學(xué)會(huì)聯(lián)合發(fā)展英語。與L段第一句意思相符，故選L。

10^Inmid-17thcentury,thedesiretoprotectideasseemstohavebeenstrong,especially

inthecaseofmathematiciansanddoctors.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；題干意為，在17世紀(jì)中期，對知識(shí)的保護(hù)欲望似乎更強(qiáng)烈，尤其體

現(xiàn)在數(shù)學(xué)家和醫(yī)生的例子上。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“數(shù)學(xué)家和醫(yī)生”定位于J段，此段列舉數(shù)

學(xué)家和醫(yī)生用大多數(shù)人不用的語言來記錄事宜，說明對知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的重視和保護(hù)。

EatingDisordersA)Eatingdisordershavebeenmostcommonlyassociatedwithwomen

andthereforemoststudiesonanorexianervosahavebeenconcentratedwithinthefemale

population.Suchgenderbiashowevermakesitlesslikelythatadoctorwilldiagnosea

maleashavinganeatingdisorderoranorexiaeventhoughthesymptomsmightbe

identical.B)Mcnarcfarlesslikelytodiscussaneatingdisorderwithothermenorwith

women.Theirdoctorsaremorelikelytodiagnosethemashavingaboutofdepression

duetostressorsomekindofupsetratherthansufferingfromaneatingdisorderbecause

suchdisordershavebeenlargelylabelledfemalediseases.Thisismostlyduetothe

culturaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.C)Discussionsaboutbeauty,newdietsand

bodyweightareseenasthefemalearenaofdiscussionthatmalesseldomenter.Also,

traditionallymen'sbeautyisdisplayedinbodymass,buildingmuscleandbodybuilding

andthereforetodiscussissuessurroundingweightlossinnotseenasparticularly

masculinebecausemen"Don'thavepsychologicalproblems"and"Don'ttalkabouttheir

feelings1'eventhoughmendosufferfromanorexia.D)Thcdiseaseisfarmorecommon

intheWesternworldthananywhereelseandthereismuchcauseforconcernasrecent

researchsuggeststhatthediseaseisontheincrease.Thediseasemostlymanifestsitself

duringadolescencewhenthesignsofobviousweightlossbecomeapparent.Peoplewho

sufferfromthediseasehaveagenuineandconstantterrifyingfearofgainingweight,

evenwhentheirweightismuchlessthanpeopleoftheirsameheightandstature..

E)Doctorshavebeenabletocharacterizethediseasebecausethesufferer'sbodyweight

isabout15%belowaveragefortheirheight.Suffersalsotendtoavoidfattyfoods,use

laxatives,diureticsorengageinexcessiveexercise.F)Bccausepeopleliveinaworld

obsessedwithimageandafashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageofthe

idealbody,itcansometimesbedifficulttodistinguishbetweenanorexicsandthosewho

haveahigherinterestintheirphysicalappearancethanmostpeople.Anorexicscanbe

distinguishedfromanon-anorexicsbecauseweightlossiscompletelyself-inducedand

thesufferergoestoextremestoloseweight,alsoengaginginself-inducedvomitinguntil

eventuallythesituationfastgetsourofcontrol.G)Suffersarealsocompletely

preoccupiedwiththeirbodiesandactuallybelievethemselvestobefatwheninreality

theyaremalnourishedandstarklythinnerthantheirpeers.Theyalsobegintolose

interestinactivitiestheirpeersareinvolvedinsuchassocializingandveryoftenbecome

withdrawn.Thesearecommonsymptomsinmanyadolescentsbutcoupledwiththe

obviousanddrasticweightlossandlackofconcentrationitiseasiertodiagnosean

adolescentwiththebeginningstagesofanorexia.H)Theactualcauseofthediseaseis

unknownbutscientistsbelievethatbiologicalandsocialfactorsplayaroleand

sometimesthediseasecanbetriggeredbytraumaticeventssuchasadeathinthefamily,

stressortheonsetofpuberty.I)Whileitistruethatmostsuffersofthediseasearefemale,

some10%aremale.Studiesshowthattherearedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemale

anorexics.Femalesufferstendtoviewthemselvesasfatter,moreoverweightthanmales

withthesamecondition.Malestendtoengageinlessself-inducedvomiting,takefewer

laxativesanddiuretics,andaremoremotivatedbuthavemorephysicalcomplaints.J)It

hasbeensuggestedalsothatthereisalinkbetweenmaleswiththediseasetotendingto

behomosexual.Theactualfigureisunknownanditisimportanttounderstandthatsucha

linkdoesnotindicatethatallmalesufferersofanorexianervosaoreatingdisorderare

homosexual.Alsotheretendstoahigherrateinsuicideattemptsinmalesufferers.K)The

biggestproblem,however,isdiagnosingmaleanorexiaoreatingdisorderbecauseofthe

commonbeliefthatsuchdiseaseareessentiallyfemalealthoughthemedicalprofessionis

moreawareofmaleanorexiathaneverbefore.L)Sufferscangomanyyearswithout

treatmentbuteventuallysuffererslosemorebodyweight,asmuchas25%-30%,which

leadstochronicillnessandevendeath.Themortalityrateisashighas5%.Othersarc

luckybecausesometimesonsetofthediseasecanbetemporarywithcompleterecovery.

M)Thereistreatmentforsuffersofthisterribledisease.Insomecasessuffersaretreated

bymedication,usuallywhenthediseaseisaccompaniedbyseveredepression.Usually

thoughsufferersarereferredtoapsychologistoratherapistandareencouragedtojoin

self-helpgroupsandarecounselledbypeoplewhohavefirst-handexperienceofthe

diseasethemselves.

II、Itishardtodistinguishnon-anorexicfromgenuinesuffersduetotheappearance

preoccupationinoursocieties.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，因?yàn)槲覀兩鐣?huì)過于重視外表，所以很難分辨真厭食者和非

患者。原文F段第一句."Becausepeopleliveinaworldobsessedwithimageanda

fashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageof（heidealbodV,iicansometimes

bedifficuktodistinguishbetweenanorexicsandthosewhohaveahigherinterestin

theirphysicalappearancethanmostpeople.”題干“appearancepreoccupation”是原文

“obsessedwithimage”的近義替換.題干“non—anorexic”代替原文"thosewhohave

ahigherinterestintheirphysicalappearance^o所以，正確答案是F。

12、Doctorsaresoeasilyiobeinfluencedbygenderprejudicethattheyareunlikelyio

diagnosemenashavingeatingdisorderslikewomen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“genderprejudice”定位于A段第二句，原文“gender

bias”（性別偏見）是同義替換。原文“Suchgenderbiashowevermakesitlesslikelythat

adoctonvilldiagnoseamaleashavingaseatingdisorder...”意為.這樣的性別偏見使

醫(yī)生不大可能將有同樣癥狀的男性患者判斷為進(jìn)食障礙。言下之意，醫(yī)生容易受到

性別偏見的影響，即題干之意。所以，選擇A段。

13、Those,whohaveexperiencedpainfuleventslikedeathofrelativesandpressure,are

likelytogetthedisease.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，那些經(jīng)歷過痛苦如親人去世或壓力的人們，會(huì)更容易得此

病。原文H段?！皊ometimesthediseasecanbetriggeredbytraumaticeventssuchas

deathinthefamily,stress…”“betriggeredby"（由...引發(fā)）即引發(fā)因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致...結(jié)

果，“traumaticevents”對應(yīng)“painfulevents”,"deathinthefamily”對應(yīng)"death

ofrelatives",由此可看出題干為此句的改寫。

14、Thereasonwhyweshouldpaymoreattentiononthediseaseisfortherisingnumber

claimedbyaresearch.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，我們需要更多地關(guān)注這項(xiàng)疾病上面是因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)疾病數(shù)量在

增長。D段第一句，“thereismuchcauseforconcernasrecentresearchsuggeststhat

thediseaseisontheincrease"可看出，“Thereasonwhy…is"替換"thereismuch

cause”,“risingnumber”對應(yīng)“ontheincrease”，題干為原文的改寫，故選D。

15、Forthoseluckypeople,anorexiaissometimesmerelyapassingphase.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“kicky”定位于L段最后一句，"Othersarelucky

bccauscsomctimesonsetofthcdiseasecanbetemporarywithcompleterecovery.'"'the

disease”指代厭食癥"anorexia","temporary”（暫時(shí)的）與“apassingphase”對應(yīng)。所

以，應(yīng)選L。

16、Whenpatientssufferfrombothanorexiaandseveredepression,theyarerequiredto

takemedication.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“severedepression”，定位于原文M段第二句，“Insome

casesSUffersaretreatedbymedication,usuallywhenthediseaseisaccompaniedby

severedepression.”原句意為，在一些病例中，如果患者伴有嚴(yán)重抑郁癥，則前要

服用藥物。與題干意思相符，即患者同時(shí)患有厭食癥和嚴(yán)重抑郁癥，需要用藥。所

以.正確答案是M。

17、Adoctorwronglydiagnosesaneatingdisorderinmalesasstressrelatedbecause

somediseasesarethoughitoaffectwomenmorethanmen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，醫(yī)生將男性的進(jìn)食障礙誤診為與壓力相關(guān)，是因?yàn)檫@些疾

病被認(rèn)為是更多地影響女性。原文B段第二句，uTheirdoctorsaremorelikelyto

diagnosethemashavingaboutofdepressionduetostress...largelylabelledfemale

diseases.”與題干意思一致。

18、Acombinationofphysicalandemotionssymptomsarethewarningsignsthatan

adolescentmightbedevelopingthedisease.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“adolescent”定位于原文G段第三句.“Theseare

commonsymptomsinmanyadolescentsbutcoupledwiththeobviousanddrasticweight

lossandlackofconcentrationitiseasiertodiagnoseanadolescentwiththebeginning

stagesofanorexia.“題干"warningsigns''對應(yīng)"commonsymptoms","physical

symptoms”（身體癥狀）對應(yīng)“weightloss”（體重減輕），"emotionssymptoms"（情緒癥狀）

對應(yīng)“l(fā)ackofconccntration”（注意力不集中）。所以，正確答案是G。

19、Men,sufferingfromanorexia,aremorelikelytocommitsuicide.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“commitsuicide”定位于原文J段最后一句，"Alsothere

tendstoahigherrateinsuicideattemptsinmalesufferers.”意為，男性患者的自殺率

比較高?！癱ommitsuicide”與“suicideattempts”為近義替換，題干與原文大意相符，

故選J0

20>Previouslymalebeautyfocusonthephysicalaspectsofthebody.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:原文C段第二句，^traditionallymen'sbeautyisdisplayedinbody

mass,buildingweightandbodybuilding”意為.傳統(tǒng)的男性美注重體重、體型和健

身，即注重外形身材:與題干“physical”相對應(yīng)。所以，正確答案是C。

AdvantagesofPublicTransportA）AnewstudyconductedfortheWorldBankby

MurdochUniversity'sInstituteforScienceandTechnologyPolicy（ISTP）has

demonstratedthatpublicTransportismoreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedthe

proportionofwealthpouredintotransportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.This

includedboththepublicandprivatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatransport

system.B)ThestudyfoundthattheWesternAustraliancityofPerthisagoodexampleof

acitywithminimalpublictransport.Asaresult,17%ofitswealthwentintotransport

costs.SomeEuropeanandAsiancities,ontheotherhand,spentaslittleas5%,Professor

PeterNewman,ISTPDirector,pointedoutthatthesemoreefficientcitieswereableto

putthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive.

C)AccordingtoProfessorNewman,thelargerAustraliancityofMelbourneisarather

unusualcityinthissortofcomparison.Hedescribesitastwocities:AEuropeancity

surroundedbyacar-dcpcndcntone.Melbourne'slargetramnetworkhasmadecarusein

theinnercitymuchlower,buttheoutersuburbshavethesamecar-basedstructureas

mostotherAustraliancities.Theexplosionindemandloraccommodationintheinner

suburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowhere

theylive.D)Newmansaysthisisanew,broaderwayofconsideringpublictransport

issues.Inthepast,thecaseforpublictransporthasbeenmadeonthebasisof

environmentalandsocialjusticeconsiderationsratherthaneconomics.Newman,

however,believesthestudydemonstratesthat"theauto-dependentcitymodelis

inefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenvironmentalterms".

E)BicycleusewasnotincludedinthestudybutNewmannotedthatthetwomost

"bicyclefriendly"citiesconsidered—AmsterdamandCopenhagen—wereveryefficient,

eventhoughtheirpublictransportsystemswere—"reasonablebutnotspecial".F)Itis

commonforsupportersofroadnetworkstorejectthemodelsofcitieswithgoodpublic

transportbyarguingthatsuchsystemswouldnotworkintheirparticularcity.One

objectionisclimate.Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublic

transportbecauseitiseithertoohotortoocold.Newmanrejectsthis,pointingoutthat

publictransporthasbeensuccessfulinbothTorontoandSingaporeand,infact,hehas

checkedtheuseofcarsagainstclimateandfound"zerocorrelation".G)Whenitcomesto

otherphysicalfeatures,roadlobbiesareonstrongerground.Forexample,Newman

acceptsitwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrail

network.However,hepointsoutthatbothHongKongandZurichhavemanagedtomake

asuccessoftheirrailsystems,heavyandlightrespectively,thoughtherearcfewcitiesin

theworldashilly.H)lnfact,Newmanbelievesthemainreasonforadoptingonesortof

transportoveranotherispolitics:"Themoredemocratictheprocess,themorepublic

transportisfavoured."HeconsidersPortland,Oregon,aperfectexampleofthis.I)Some

yearsago,federalmoneywasgrantedtobuildanewroad.However,localpressure

groupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead.The

railproposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.Intheyearsthathave

followed,moreandmorerailsystemshavebeenputin.dramaticallychangingthenature

ofthecity.NewmannotesthatPortlandhasaboutthesamepopulationasPerthandhada

similarpopulationdensityatthetime.J)IntheUK,traveltimestoworkhadbeenstable

foratleastsixcenturies,withpeopleavoidingsituationsthatrequiredthemtospend

morethanhalfanhourtravellingtowork.Trainsandcarsinitiallyallowedpeopletolive

atgreaterdistanceswithouttakinglongertoreachtheirdestination.However,public

infrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecongestionproblems

whichnowmakecommutingtimesfarhigher.K)Thereisawidespreadbeliefthat

increasingwealthencouragespeopletolivefartheroutwherecarsarctheonlyviable

transport.TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat.Theyareoftenwealthierthantheir

Americancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofcaruse.InStockholm,

carusehasactuallyfalleninrecentyearsasthecityhasbecomelargerandwealthier.

L)Anewstudymakesthispointevenmorestarkly.DevelopingcitiesinAsia,suchas

JakartaandBangkok,makemoreuseofthecarthanwealthyAsiancitiessuchasTokyo

andSingapore.Incitiesthatdevelopedlater,theWorldBankandAsianDevelopment

Bankdiscouragedthebuildingofpublictransportandpeoplehavebeenforcedtorelyon

cars-creatingthemassivetrafficjamsthatcharacterizethosecities.M)Newman

believesoneofthebeststudiesonhowcitiesbuiltforcarsmightbeconvertedtorailuse

isTheUrbanVillagereport,whichusedMelbourneasanexample.Itfoundthatpushing

everyoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebestapproach.Instead,theproposaladvocated

thecreationofurbanvillagesathundredsofsites,mostlyaroundrailwaystations.N)It

wasonceassumedthatimprovementsintelecommunicationswouldleadtomore

dispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedintocities.However,theISTP

team'sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseor

remainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.Theexplanationforthisseemsto

bethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelatedfieldstogether."Thenewworld

willlargelydependonhumancreativity,andcreativityflourisheswherepeopleconic

togetherface-to-face.H

21、ThehillycitylikeAucklandisinappropriatefbrrailtransportsystem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，像奧克蘭這樣的山城不適宜開發(fā)軌道交通網(wǎng)。根據(jù)

Auckland關(guān)鍵詞.定位于G段第二句，“itwouldbehardfbracityashillyas

Aucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork”可知，題干為原文改寫，故選Go

22、Byputtingmorefundsintootherfields,efficientcitiescanimprovethequalityof

lifefortheirinhabitants.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“efficientcities”定位于B段最后一句，"thesemore

efficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreating

abcttcrplacctolive”意為這些高效率城市可以將更多的資金投入到吸引工廠、擴(kuò)大

就業(yè)和創(chuàng)造更好的場所中。題干“improvethequalityoflifefortheirinhabitants”是原

文“creatingabetterplacetolive”的近義替換。所以，正確答案是B。

23>Areferendumwasheldbylocalorganizationstodecidewhethertoconstructlight

rail.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“referendum”定位于I段第二句.“l(fā)ocalpressuregroups

forcedarcfcrcndumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead”意思是，當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

壓力團(tuán)體強(qiáng)行組織了一次公投，來表決是否要投錢建輕軌。題干大意相符，故選

Io

24Citieswithhighlevelsofbicyclesusagecanbeefficientevenwhenpublictransport

isonlyaveragelygood.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：題干意為，自行車使用普及率高的城市效率也高，即使其公共交通只

是一般。原文E段，“…twomost^bicyclefriendly^cities...reasonablebutnotspeciaF'

可看出，題干為此句的改寫，所以，正確答案是E。

25>ThefactthathousesinMelbourne'sinnersuburbsarelargelydemandedindicates

thatpeopleshifttoanewperceptiononwheretolive.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“innersuburbs”定位于C段最后一句.“Theexplosionin

demand（biaccoininodalioninilieiiincisubuibsofMclbouinesuggestsaicccnlchange

inmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.“題干“housesarelargely

demanded”對應(yīng)原文“explosionindemandforaccommodation"，且整句話為原文的改

寫。故選C。

26>TheISTPstudyexaminedpublicandprivatesystemsin37citiesoftheworld.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“ISTP”和“37cities”定位于A段，"Thestudy

compared...bythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.”研究比較了37個(gè)城市公共交通

投入的資金比例。很明顯，正確答案是A。

27、Somepeopleargueagainstpracticingpublictransportfortheextremeclimate.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干意為，由于極端天氣，一些人反對公共交通。原文F段第三

句，uSomepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublictransportbecauseitis

eithertoohotortoocold.“題干"extremeclimate”對應(yīng)"eithertoohotortoocold”所

以.正確選項(xiàng)是F。

28、Massivetrafficjamandlongercommutingtimeresultfromtheimbalancebetween

publicinfrastructureandurbanexpansion.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)誦析：題干意為.大規(guī)模的交通堵塞和通勤時(shí)間加長是由于公共設(shè)施和城市

擴(kuò)張之間的不平衡所致。原文J段最后一句，"However,publicinfrastructuredid

notkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecongestionproblemswhichnow

makingcommutingtimesfarhigher.“題干"trafficjam”與"congestionproblem”為同義

替換，題干為此句的改寫。

29、FromtheperspectivefromNewman,theresearchshowsthatcitymodel,reliableon

cars,lacksofadequaciesinthefieldsofeconomicandenvironment.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:原文D段最后一句.”…theauto-dependentcitymodelisinefficient

andgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenvironmentalterms.“題干"citymodel,

reliableoncars”對應(yīng)“auto-dependentcitymodel”（依賴汽車的城市模式），“l(fā)acks

ofad