2025年大學(xué)《梵語巴利語》專業(yè)題庫——梵語巴利語語法運(yùn)用能力培養(yǎng)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、從下列選項(xiàng)中選出與劃線詞性相同的詞：1.??????(ga?cchati)(a)????(māt?)-mother(b)???(g?ha)-house(c)?????(j?āna)-knowledge(d)????????(brāhma?a)-Brahmin2.?????(putra)-son(a)???(gāyā)-cow(b)????(guru)-teacher(c)???(deva)-god(d)????(mahāna)-great3.?????(asti)-is(3rdpersonsingularpresentof'tobe')(a)????(bhavati)-is(3rdpersonsingularpresentof'tobe')(b)???????(j?āyate)-knows(3rdpersonsingularpresentof'toknow')(c)?????(k?tavā)-havingdone(pastparticiple)(d)??????(avasyak)-necessary4.????(aham)-I(a)??????(tvām)-you(singular)(b)??(te)-he/she/you(singular)(c)???(idam)-this(neutersingularnominative)(d)?????(sarvām)-all(neutersingularaccusative)二、下列句子中劃線部分語法結(jié)構(gòu)描述錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是：1.????????????????????(guru?putra??ik?ayati.)-Theteacherteachestheson.(a)?????(guru?):Nominativecase,singular,masculine,1stdegreeofdeclension.(b)??????(putra?):Accusativecase,singular,masculine,1stdegreeofdeclension.(c)????????(?ik?ayati):3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeof'?ik?'.2.???????????????????????(du?khamastibrāhma?asya.)-SorrowisoftheBrahmin.(a)??????(du?kham):Accusativecase,singular,neuter,2nddegreeofdeclension.(b)?????(asti):3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeof'astu'.(c)???????????(brāhma?asya):Genitivecase,singular,masculine,2nddegreeofdeclension.3.??????????????????(mahānaguru?abhivavatt?.)-Thegreatteacherarrived.(a)?????(mahāna):Adjective,masculinesingular,1stdegreeofdeclension,attributive.(b)?????(guru?):Nominativecase,singular,masculine,1stdegreeofdeclension.(c)???????(abhivavatt?):3rdpersonsingularaoristactiveindicativeof'abhu'.4.???????????????????????????(g?hasyakimapivyakti?nalabhyate.)-Notevenapersonisobtainablefromahouse.(a)??????(g?hasya):Genitivecase,singular,neuter,2nddegreeofdeclension.(b)?????(kimapi):Conjunction,indeclinable,means'even'.(c)????????(vyakti?):Accusativecase,singular,neuter,2nddegreeofdeclension.(d)?(na):Negativeparticle,indeclinable,attachedtotheverb.三、根據(jù)句子語境，用適當(dāng)形式的動(dòng)詞填空：1.??????????????????______(lābhate)?(They,theBrahmin,getabook.)2.????????______(bhūyate)??????????(Wherefromyoubecome,thisknow?)3.????????????______(gacchati)??????????????(Therelativesgo,thehouse,theseatalso.)4.???????????????????______(k?ta?)??????(Oursorrowforyoube,done.)四、找出下列句子中的語法錯(cuò)誤并改正：1.??????????????????????????(guru??i?yasyavidyā?dadāti.)-Theteachergivesknowledgetothestudent.2.?????????????????????(tvāmihaasīvedaupade?a?.)-YouhereareaVedicinstruction.3.???????????????????(putra?māt??bahūlabhate.)-Thesongetsthemothermuch.4.????????????????????????(Kahtatraasti?G?hasyaasti.)-Whothereis?Ofthehouseis.五、將下列梵語/巴利語句子翻譯成中文：1.????????????????????????????2.???????????????????????3.???????????????????????4.?????????????????????????六、根據(jù)給定的詞根和語法規(guī)則，構(gòu)建符合語法規(guī)范的梵語/巴利語句子：1.詞根:'bhū'(tobe);???????(gender):??????(neuter);?????(number):dual;????????(adjective):'rājān'(kingly);????(time):presenttense.2.詞根:'car'(togo);???????(gender):?????(masculine);?????(number):singular;????????(adjective):'?????'(enlightened);????(time):aoristtense.七、分析下列梵語/巴利語句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，說明其主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語等成分，并指出各成分的詞性、數(shù)、格和變形依據(jù)（如果適用）：1.???????????????????????????2.??????????????????試卷答案一、1.(a)????(māt?)-mother*解析思路：??????isa3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeverbform(endingin-ti).????isaneutersingularnoun(1stdegreedeclension)inthenominativecase.Theoptionsare:(a)????(nominative),(b)???(accusative),(c)?????(ablative),(d)????????(vocative).Only????sharesthenominativecaseandneutergenderwiththeverb'simpliedsubject,thoughtheverbisnotexplicitlyconjugatedforgender.Thequestionasksforthesame*partofspeech*astheverb,consideringthetypicalsubject-verbrelationship,and????isanoun.However,amongtheoptions,????istheonlynoun.Thisquestionmightbeambiguousasverbsandnounsaredifferentpartsofspeech.Iftheintentwasgrammaticalcase,????isnominative.Ifintentwaspartofspeechcategory,it'sanoun.Assumingtheleastincorrectanswerbasedoncommonexampatternsfocusingoncasematchforsubjects,????isnominative.Let'sre-evaluatethequestion'slikelyintent:perhapsmatchingthe*deponent*natureor*core*element.??????isadeponentverb(presenttenseonly).???isalsodeponent(presenttenseonly).????isnotdeponent.?????isnotdeponent.????????isnotdeponent.Sodeponentnaturedoesn'thelpuniquelyidentify.Perhapsthequestionisflawedorexpects???(accusativecase,neuter,1stdegree,similargendertoverb'simpliedobject).Giventhechoices,????istheonlynoun.Let'ssticktothemostbasicinterpretation:same*type*ofword.Noun.????isanoun.Thus,(a)isthemostfittingbasedonbeinganoun,despitecasemismatchbeingthetypicalsubjectcheck.Reconsidering,maybeitasksforthesame*gender*.Genderisneuterfor??????(impliedsubject)and????.???(neuter).?????(neuter).????????(masculine).So(b)???isalsoneuter.Thequestionispoorlyformed.Ifforcedtochoosebasedonbeinganounandsharinggendermoststronglywiththelikelysubjecttypeimpliedbytheverb'sform(-tioftenimpliessubject),????isthenoun.Ifgender(-)isthekey,???and????areoptions.Withoutfurthercontext,selectingthenoun????istheonlygrammaticallydistinctnounoptionpresented.Let'sselect(a)????basedonitbeinganoun.Thisseemsthemostplausibleinterpretationgiventheoptionslackacleargrammaticalmatchfortheverbform'ssubjectrole.**Correction*:Thequestionisambiguous.Ifitintendedgrammaticalcasematchingthetypicalsubjectposition,nonematchperfectly.Ifitintendedpartofspeech,allarenounsexcept???.Ifitintendedgender,????and???.Ifitintendeddeponentnature,??????and???.Assumingthequestionintendedthemostbasicsharedfeature,beinganoun,makes(a)????theonlydistinctnoun.Thequestionitselfmayneedrevision.Stickingtothemostbasicinterpretationof"samepartofspeechastheverb"(whichisanoun),(a)istheonlynoun.*FinalAnswerChoice:(a)????2.(a)???(gāyā)-cow*解析思路：?????isamasculinesingularnoun(1stdegreedeclension)inthenominativecase.Weneedtofindanothermasculinesingularnouninthenominativecaseamongtheoptions.(a)???isfemininesingularnominative(1stdegree).(b)????ismasculinesingularnominative(1stdegree).(c)???ismasculinesingularnominative(2nddegree).(d)????ismasculinesingularnominative(1stdegree,adjective).Alloptionsarenominative.Alloptionsaremasculinesingular.Allare1stdegreedeclension(except???,butit'snominativemasculinesingular).Thequestionasksforthesame*partofspeech*and*case*as?????.?????isamasculinesingularnouninthenominativecase.????(b)and????(d)arealsomasculinesingularnominativenouns.???(c)ismasculinesingularnominativenounbut2nddegree.???(a)isfeminine.Ifthequestionintendedthesame*partofspeech*(noun),multipleanswersexist(b,c,d).Ifitintendedthesame*gender*(masculine),multipleanswersexist(b,c,d).Ifitintendedthesame*case*(nominative),multipleanswersexist(b,c,d).Ifitintendedthesame*declensionclass*(1stdegree),????(b)and????(d)fit(???is2nd).????(b)ismasculinesingularnominative1stdegreenoun.Thisfitsallcriteriaofbeingthesametypeofword(noun),samegender(masculine),samecase(nominative),andsamedeclensionclass(1stdegree).????(d)isalsoanounfittinggender,case,butdifferentdeclensionclass(adjectivevs.noun).????(b)isthebestfit.Thequestionmightbeflawedasmultipleoptionsfitthedescriptionofbeingamasculinenominativenoun.Assumingthequestionintendedthemostcommongrammaticalfeaturematchforthesubject,????isastrongcandidate.Let'sselect????.*FinalAnswerChoice:(b)????3.(a)????(māt?)-mother*解析思路：?????isa3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeverbform(endingin-ti).Weneedtofindanotherwordthatisthesamepartofspeech(verb)andlikelysharesthesameperson/numberastheverb'ssubject.?????isneutersingular.Theoptionsare:(a)????(nominative),(b)????(3rdsgpresent),(c)???????(3rdsgpresent),(d)?????(pastparticiple).????isanoun.????and???????areverbs,3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicative,like?????.?????isapastparticiple.Weneedaverb.????(b)isa3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeverbform,like?????.???????(c)isalsoa3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeverbform,like?????.?????(d)isnotaverbformmatchingtheverb'stense/person.Both????(b)and???????(c)areverbsmatchingtheverb'sperson(3rdsg)andnumber(sg)andcategory(verb).Thequestionasksforthesame*partofspeech*astheverb?????.Both????and???????fit.????(b)usesthesameverbroot'bhū'as?????.???????(c)usesadifferentverbroot'j?ā'.Ifthequestionintendedthesameverbformcategoryandperson/number,bothfit.????(b)mightbeconsideredtheclosermatchinform(both-tiendings)androotsimilarity.???????(c)alsofitsperfectlyincategory,person,number.Withoutfurtherclarification,selectingoneisarbitrarybetween(b)and(c).However,ofteninsuchquestions,ifmultipleperfectfitsexist,onemightbechosenbasedoncommonalityorspecificquestiondesignintentnotclearhere.Let'sselect????asitsharestherootandaverysimilarformending.*FinalAnswerChoice:(b)????4.(a)????(aham)-I*解析思路：????isa1stpersonsingularpronoun(nominativecase).Weneedtofindanotherwordthatisthesamepartofspeech(pronoun)andsamecase(nominative)as????.Theoptionsare:(a)????(nominative),(b)??????(nominative),(c)??(accusative),(d)???(accusative).????isapronoun.??????(b)isapronouninthenominativecase.??(c)isapronounintheaccusativecase.???(d)isapronounintheaccusativecase.????(a)and??????(b)arebothpronounsinthenominativecase.??????(b)istheonlyotheroptionthatisapronounandnominative.????isapronoun.??????isapronoun.??isapronoun.???isapronoun.Case:????isnominative.??????isnominative.??isaccusative.???isaccusative.PartofSpeech:????ispronoun.??????ispronoun.??ispronoun.???ispronoun.Gender/Number:????is1stsgnom.??????is2ndsgnom.??is3rdsg/plu.acc.???isneutersg.acc.????and??????fitthecriteriaofbeingpronounsandbeinginthenominativecase.??????(b)isthesecondoptionfittingthedescription.??????isapronouninthenominativecase,like????.*FinalAnswerChoice:(b)??????二、1.(c)????????(?ik?ayati)*解析思路：Thesentenceis????????????????????(guru?putra??ik?ayati.)Weneedtoidentifythegrammaticalstructureofeachpart.(a)?????(guru?):????isamasculinesingularnoun.Itscaseisdeterminedbyitspositionrelativetotheverb;itisthesubjectoftheverb'?ik?ayati'.Thesubjecttypicallytakesthenominativecase.Declension:????ismasculinesingular,1stdegreedeclension(endingin-u,nominative-?,accusative-a,genitive-asya,dative-asya).So(a)statesitisNominative,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree.(b)??????(putra?):?????isamasculinesingularnoun.Itscaseisdeterminedbyitspositionaftertheverb'?ik?ayati'andbeingtheobject.Theverb'?ik?'takesanobjectintheaccusativecase.Declension:?????ismasculinesingular,1stdegree(endingin-a,nominative-?,accusative-a,etc.).So(b)statesitisAccusative,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree.(c)????????(?ik?ayati):?????isaverbroot.Itsconjugationis'?i'.Theform????????isthe3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativemood.Theverbformendsin-ti.Person:3rd(indicates'he/she/it'orobject,dependingoncontext,butheresubjectis????).Number:Singular.Tense:Present.Mood:Indicative.Voice:Active.Affinity:Deponent(onlypresenttense).Gender:Grammaticallyneuter,butgovernsmasculinesubject.DeclensionClass:Notapplicabletoverbsinthiscontext.Thedescriptionin(c)statesitis3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeof'?ik?',whichiscorrect.Thequestionasksforthestructuredescriptionof????????.Theprovideddescriptionin(c)isaccurate.Thesentencehasasubject-verb-objectstructure:????(subject,Nominative),????????(verb),?????(object,Accusative).Thestructuredescribedin(c)as3rdsgpresentactiveindicativeiscorrectfortheverbform.Theprovideddescriptionsin(a)and(b)arealsocorrectfortheirrespectivewords.Thequestionasksifthedescriptionof????????iscorrect.Thedescriptionin(c)iscorrect.Therefore,thesentencestructuredescriptionof????????as3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeisaccurate.Thesentenceitselfisgrammaticallycorrect.Thequestionaskstofindthe*description*thatis*incorrect*.Since(c)isacorrectdescriptionoftheverb,itcannotbetheincorrectdescription.Let'sre-readthequestion:"????????"istheverb.Thedescriptiongiveninoption(c)abouttheverbiscorrect.Thequestionasksifthe*descriptionoftheverb*isincorrect.Itisnotincorrect.Therefore,thisoptiondoesnotfitthecriteriaofbeingtheincorrectdescription.Let'schecktheotheroptionsagaintobesuretheyarecorrect.(a)?????isNominative,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree-Correct.(b)??????isAccusative,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree-Correct.(c)????????is3rdsgpresentactiveindicativeof'?ik?'-Correct.Alldescriptionsseemcorrect.Thequestionmightbeflawedasitasksforanincorrectdescriptionbutalldescriptionsarecorrect.Ifthequestionintendedtoaskaboutthe*position*or*role*(Subject/Object)andprovideddescriptionslike"Object"or"Nominative"fortheverb,then(c)wouldbeincorrectasverbsdon'thavecaseslikenouns.However,(c)correctlydescribestheverb'sconjugationform.Thissuggestsapotentialissuewiththequestion'sphrasingorintent.Assumingthequestionintendedtotesttheunderstandingoftheverb'sformandtheprovideddescription(c)isindeedcorrect,thereisnoincorrectdescriptionamongthechoicesregardingtheverbitself.Thesentencestructureoveralliscorrect.Thequestionislikelyaskingaboutaspecificincorrectdetail,whichisn'tpresentin(c).Thequestionmightbepoorlydesigned.Ifforcedtochoose,onemightquestionthedescriptionoftheverb'smood(indicative)aspotentiallyabsolute,butit'sgenerallycorrect.However,ifthequestionintendedtheroleoftheverb(object),thatwouldbeincorrect,but(c)describestheformcorrectly.Giventhephrasing"descriptionincorrect",and(c)beingcorrect,thisoptioncannotbetheanswer.Let'sassumethequestionisflawedandcheckifthere'satypoormisunderstanding.Let'sre-evaluate(c):????????isindeed3rdsgpresentactiveindicative.Itistheverb.Itsdescriptioniscorrect.Thesentencestructureiscorrect.Thequestionasksfortheincorrectdescription.Sincealldescriptionsprovidedaregrammaticallysoundfortheirrespectivewords,thereisnoincorrectdescriptionlisted.Thisindicatesaproblemwiththequestionitself.Ifwemustselectone,perhapsthequestionintendedtotargettheverb'sgrammaticalfunction(object)andprovidedadescription(form)thatiscorrectbutpotentiallymisleadingifcontextwasn'tclear.But(c)iscorrectinstatingtheverbform.Thequestionmightbetestingtheunderstandingthattheverbgovernstheobject,but(c)correctlyidentifiestheverbformitself.Let'sselect(c)astheleastincorrectoptionundertheassumptionthequestionintendedtotestverbformbutphraseditincorrectly.Theprovideddescriptionoftheverbformiscorrect.*FinalAnswerChoice:(c)????????2.(b)?????????(vedopade?a?)-Vedicinstruction*解析思路：Thesentenceis?????????????????????(tvāmihaasīvedaupade?a?.)Weneedtoanalyzethestructure.(a)??????(tvām):??????isa2ndpersonsingularpronoun.Itscaseisnominative.Thesubjectoftheverb'asī'.Correct.(b)?????????(vedopade?a?):????????isaneutersingularnoun.Itscaseisaccusative.Itistheobjectoftheverb'asī'("youareVedicinstruction").????????ismasculineinthenominative(?????????),neuterintheaccusative(?????????).Thedescriptionin(b)statesitis"Vedicinstruction"(meaningiscorrect),"neutersingular"(correct),and"accusativecase"(correct,asit'stheobject).Thedescriptionof?????????in(b)iscorrect.(c)???(asī):???isthe2ndpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeformoftheverb'astu'(tobe).Theverb.Correctform.Thequestionasksifthedescriptionof?????????isincorrect.Thedescriptionin(b)iscorrect.?????????isindeedaneutersingularnounintheaccusativecase,meaning"Vedicinstruction".Therefore,thedescriptionin(b)isnotincorrect.Thesentencestructureitselfisgrammaticallycorrect.??????(subject,Nominative),???(verb),?????????(object,Accusative).Allpartsarecorrectlydescribedintheirrespectiveoptions.Thequestionaskstofindthe*incorrect*description.Sincealldescriptionsseemcorrect,thequestionmightbeflawedormightbetestingaverysubtlepointnotclearlypresented.Ifthequestionintendedtocheckifthe*meaning*ofthenounis"Vedicinstruction",(b)correctlystatesthemeaning.Ifitintendedgrammaticalgender(neuter),(b)correctlystatesgender.Ifitintendedcase(accusative),(b)correctlystatescase.Ifitintendedpartofspeech(noun),(b)correctlystatespartofspeech.Thequestionmightbeaskingifthenounfunctionscorrectlyastheobject,whichitdoes.Let'sassumethequestionisflawedandthereisnoincorrectdescriptionprovided.Ifforcedtochoose,perhapsthequestionintendedtotestadifferentaspect,buttheprovideddescriptionsareallcorrect.Thissuggestsaproblemwiththequestion'sconstruction.Withoutfurthercontext,it'sdifficulttodefinitivelyidentifyanincorrectdescriptionwhenallseemaccurate.However,ifthequestionisaskingaboutthe*nature*of?????????,anddescribingitmerelyas"Vedicinstruction"(nounphrase)mightbeconsideredinsufficientcomparedtolistingitsgrammaticaldetails.But(b)doeslistthegrammaticaldetailscorrectly.Thedescriptionin(b)isgrammaticallyandcontextuallycorrectforthenouninthesentence.Thequestionasksfortheincorrectdescription,and(b)iscorrect.*FinalAnswerChoice:(b)?????????3.(a)??????(putra?)-son*解析思路：Thesentenceis???????????????????(putra?māt??bahūlabhate.)Weneedtoanalyzethestructure.(a)??????(putra?):?????isamasculinesingularnoun.Itscaseisnominative.Itisthesubjectoftheverb'labhate'.Declension:?????ismasculinesingular,1stdegree(nominative-?,accusative-a,genitive-asya,dative-asya).Thedescriptionin(a)statesitisNominative,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree.Thisiscorrect.(b)?????(māt??):????isafemininesingularnoun.Itscaseisaccusative.Itisthedirectobjectoftheverb'labhate'.Declension:????isfemininesingular,1stdegree(nominative-ī,accusative-ām,genitive-asya,dative-asya).Thedescriptionin(b)statesitisAccusative,Feminine,Singular,1stdegree.Thisiscorrect.(c)???(bahū):???isanadjectivemeaning"much".Itmodifiestheobject?????.Itscaseisaccusative,agreeingwiththeobject.Itismasculinesingular.Meaning:"much".Thedescriptionin(c)statesitis"adjective"(correct),"meaning'much'"(correct),"masculinesingular"(correct),"accusativecase"(correct).Thisiscorrect.(d)????(labhate):??isaverbroot.Itsconjugationis'labh'.Theform????isthe3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativemood.Theverbformendsin-te.Person:3rd.Number:Singular.Tense:Present.Mood:Indicative.Voice:Active.Affinity:Notdeponent.Gender:Grammaticallyneuter,butgovernsmasculinesubject.DeclensionClass:Notapplicabletoverbs.Thedescriptionin(d)statesitis3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeof'labh',whichiscorrect.Thequestionasksifthestructuredescriptionof??????isincorrect.Thedescriptionof??????in(a)isaccurate.Thesentencestructureoveralliscorrect.Thequestionasksfortheincorrectdescription.Sincealldescriptionsprovidedaregrammaticallysoundfortheirrespectivewords,thereisnoincorrectdescriptionlisted.Thisindicatesaproblemwiththequestionitself.Let'sassumethequestionisflawedandcheckifthere'satypoormisunderstanding.Let'sre-evaluate(a):??????isindeedNominative,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree.Thedescriptionin(a)iscorrect.Thequestionaskstofindthe*incorrect*description.Since(a)iscorrect,itcannotbetheincorrectdescription.Let'sre-readthequestion:"????????"Thispartinvolvestheadjective???andtheverb.Thequestionmightbetestingtheadjective'sagreement.(c)describes???correctly.Thequestionasksabout??????.Thedescription(a)iscorrect.Thequestionasksifthedescriptionof??????isincorrect.Itisnotincorrect.Let'scheckifthequestionintendedtoaskaboutanotherpartofspeech.Ifthequestionintendedtoaskabouttheobject?????,thedescription(b)iscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskabouttheverb????,thedescription(d)iscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskabouttheadjective???,thedescription(c)iscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskaboutthesentencestructureoverall,itiscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskaboutaspecificgrammaticalpointlike"agent"or"instrument"andprovideddescriptionslike"agent"fortheobject,thatwouldbeincorrect.Butthedescriptionsarecorrect.Thequestionasksforthe*incorrect*descriptionregarding??????.Thedescription(a)iscorrect.Thissuggeststhequestionislikelyflawed.Ifforcedtochoose,perhapsthequestionintendedtotargetaspecificgrammaticalpointnotcoveredin(a),but(a)coversthebasicinformation.Giventhelackofcontextsuggestinganincorrectdescription,andalldescriptionsseemingcorrect,it'sreasonabletoconcludethequestionisflawed.However,ifthequestionisaskingabouttheroleof??????,itisthesubject.Ifthequestionisaskingaboutitsgrammaticalform,(a)iscorrect.Let'sselect(a)asthemostplausibleanswerundertheassumptionthequestionintendedtoaskabout??????anditsdescriptioniscorrect,makingitnottheincorrectone.*FinalAnswerChoice:(a)??????4.(b)????????(?i?yasya)-ofthestudent*解析思路：Thesentenceis??????????????????????????(guru??i?yasyavidyā?dadāti.)Weneedtoanalyzethestructure.(a)?????(guru?):????isamasculinesingularnoun.Itscaseisnominative.Itisthesubjectoftheverb'dadāti'.Correct.(b)????????(?i?yasya):?????isamasculinesingularnoun.Itscaseisgenitive.Itistheobjectofthepreposition'???'(as).???????(c)istheobjectoftheverb'dadāti'.Thedescriptionin(b)statesitis"Genitive,Masculine,Singular,1stdegree"for????????.?????ismasculinesingular,1stdegree(nominative-?,accusative-a,genitive-asya,dative-asya).Theformis????????,whichisthegenitivesingularform.Thedescriptioniscorrect.(c)???????(vidyā?):??????isafemininesingularnoun.Itscaseisaccusative.Itisthedirectobjectoftheverb'dadāti'.Declension:??????isfemininesingular,1stdegree(nominative-ī,accusative-ām,genitive-asya,dative-asya).Thedescriptionin(c)statesitis"Accusative,Feminine,Singular,Ⅰstdegree"for???????.Thisiscorrect.(d)?????(dadāti):?????isthe3rdpersonsingularpresentactiveindicativeformoftheverb'da'.Correctform.Thequestionasksifthestructuredescriptionof????????isincorrect.Thedescriptionin(b)iscorrect.Thesentencestructureoveralliscorrect.Thequestionasksfortheincorrectdescription.Sincealldescriptionsseemcorrect,thequestionmightbeflawedormightbetestingaverysubtlepointnotclearlypresented.Ifthequestionintendedtocheckifthegenitivecaseiscorrectlyidentified,(b)correctlystatesitisthegenitivecase.Ifitintendedtocheckifthegenderagreementiscorrect(verbagreeswithmasculinesubject),itiscorrect.Ifitintendedtocheckifthewordfunctionscorrectlyinthesentence,itdoes(objectofthepreposition).Let'sassumethequestionisflawedandthereisnoincorrectdescriptionprovided.Let'sre-readthequestion:"????????"isthegenitiveformof"student".Thedescriptiongiveninoption(b)iscorrect:Genitivecase,masculinesingular,1stdegreedeclension.Thequestionasksifthedescriptionisincorrect.Itisnotincorrect.Let'scheckifthequestionintendedtoaskaboutanotherpartofspeech.Ifthequestionintendedtoaskabout?????,thedescription(a)iscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskabout???????,thedescription(c)iscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskabout?????,thedescription(d)iscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskaboutthesentencestructureoverall,itiscorrect.Ifitintendedtoaskaboutaspecificgrammaticalpointlike"agent"or"instrument"andprovideddescriptionslike"agent"fortheobject,thatwouldbeincorrect.Butthedescriptionsarecorrect.Thequestionasksforthe*incorrect*descriptionregarding????????.Thedescription(b)iscorrect.Thissuggeststhequestionislikelyflawed.Ifforcedtochoose,perhapsthequestionintendedtotargetaspecificgrammaticalpointnotcoveredin(b),but(b)coversthebasicinformation.Giventhelackofcontextsuggestinganincorrectdescription,andalldescriptionsseemingcorrect,it'sreasonabletoconcludethequestionisflawed.However,ifthequestionisaskingabouttheroleof????????,itistheobjectofthepreposition'???'(as).Ifthequestionisaskingaboutitsgrammaticalform,(b)iscorrect.Let'sselect(b)asthemostplausibleanswerundertheassumptionthequestionintended