七年級(jí)英語上冊核心單詞與句型英語學(xué)習(xí)的根基在于詞匯積累與句型運(yùn)用。七年級(jí)上冊作為初中英語的入門階段，核心單詞與句型的掌握直接影響后續(xù)語言能力的提升。以下結(jié)合教材主題與實(shí)用場景，系統(tǒng)梳理核心內(nèi)容，附用法解析與應(yīng)用示例，助力構(gòu)建扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)。第一單元：Goodmorning!（問候與介紹）核心單詞問候類：hello,hi,good,morning,afternoon,evening,how,are,you,fine,thanks,OK人稱類：I,am,my,name,your單詞解析：`good+時(shí)段`構(gòu)成問候語（如`Goodmorning`），`howareyou`用于詢問健康，`fine`表“健康/美好”，`thanks`是禮貌回應(yīng)?？s寫規(guī)律：`name's=nameis`，`what's=whatis`，`I'm=Iam`。核心句型1.時(shí)段問候：`Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!`（首字母大寫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)規(guī)范）`Hello/Hi!`（通用招呼，不限時(shí)段）2.健康詢問與回應(yīng)：`Howareyou?—I'mfine,thanks./I'mOK.`3.自我介紹與詢問姓名：自我介紹：`Myname's.../I'm...`（如`Myname'sLiHua.`）詢問姓名：`What'syourname?—Myname's.../I'm...`應(yīng)用示例開學(xué)初與同學(xué)打招呼：>“Goodmorning!Myname'sLiHua.What'syourname?”>“Hi!I'mWangLin.Nicetomeetyou!”第二單元：Thisismysister.（家庭與人際關(guān)系）核心單詞家庭成員：sister,brother,mother,father,parent,grandparent,family指示代詞：this,that,these,those其他：photo,picture,here,love,dog單詞解析：`this/that`（單數(shù)），`these/those`（復(fù)數(shù)），如`Thisisabook.Thesearebooks.``family`雙義：表“家庭”（單數(shù)，如`Myfamilyisbig.`）；表“家人”（復(fù)數(shù)，如`MyfamilyarewatchingTV.`）核心句型1.介紹他人/物：近處：`Thisis...`（如`Thisismymother.`）遠(yuǎn)處：`Thatis...`（如`Thatismyschool.`）復(fù)數(shù)：`Theseare.../Thoseare...`（如`Thesearemyfriends.`）2.確認(rèn)關(guān)系（一般疑問句）：單數(shù)：`Isthis/that...?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.`（用`it`指代）復(fù)數(shù)：`Arethese/those...?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.`（用`they`指代）應(yīng)用示例向朋友介紹家人：>“Look!Thisismygrandfather.Thosearemycousins.”>“Isthatyourdog?—Yes,itis.ItsnameisCoco.”第三單元：Isthisyourpencil?（物品歸屬與位置）核心單詞學(xué)習(xí)用品：pencil,book,eraser,ruler,schoolbag,dictionary物主代詞：your,my,his,her（形容詞性，后接名詞）疑問詞：what,where,whose動(dòng)詞：be(is,am,are),have,find,lost單詞解析：形容詞性物主代詞（如`mybook`）表所屬，名詞性物主代詞（如`mine`）八年級(jí)拓展；`lost`（丟失）與`found`（找到）反義，短語`LostandFound`（失物招領(lǐng)）。核心句型1.詢問物品歸屬：單數(shù)：`Isthis/thatyour...?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.It'shis/hers.`（`his`可作形容詞/名詞性，`hers=her+名詞`）復(fù)數(shù)：`Arethese/thoseyour...?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.They'retheirs.`2.詢問物品位置：單數(shù)：`Where's...?—It'sin/on/under...`（方位介詞：`in`（里）、`on`（上）、`under`（下））復(fù)數(shù)：`Whereare...?—They'rein/on/under...`應(yīng)用示例課堂找文具：>“Isthisyourpencil?—No,itisn't.Mypencilisinmyschoolbag.”>“Where'smydictionary?—Isitunderthechair?—Yes,itis.Thanks!”第四單元：Where'smyschoolbag?（房間物品與方位）核心單詞房間物品：table,bed,sofa,chair,desk,bookcase,radio,clock,modelplane方位介詞：in,on,under,at,of單詞解析：復(fù)合名詞：`bookcase(book+case)`，`modelplane(model+plane)`；方位介詞：`in`（封閉空間）、`on`（表面接觸）、`under`（正下方）、`at`（小地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間）。核心句型1.描述物品位置：單數(shù)：`The...isin/on/under...`（如`Theclockisonthetable.`）復(fù)數(shù)：`The...arein/on/under...`（如`Thebooksareinthebookcase.`）2.詢問并確認(rèn)位置：`Where'sthe...?—Isitin/on/under...?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.`應(yīng)用示例房間“尋寶”游戲：>“Where'smyschoolbag?—Isitonthebed?—No,itisn't.—Isitunderthechair?—Yes,itis!”第五單元：Doyouhaveasoccerball?（愛好與擁有）核心單詞運(yùn)動(dòng)器材：soccer,ball,basketball,volleyball,tennis,bat,racket動(dòng)詞：have,has（三單）,play,let,go,do其他：good,well,sound,interesting,boring單詞解析：`have/has`表“擁有”：`have`（I/you/復(fù)數(shù)），`has`（he/she/it）；`play+球類`（不加`the`），如`playsoccer`；`play+樂器`（加`the`）（八年級(jí)拓展）。核心句型1.詢問是否擁有：第二人稱/復(fù)數(shù)：`Doyouhave...?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.`三單：`Doeshe/shehave...?—Yes,he/shedoes./No,he/shedoesn't.`2.提議與評(píng)價(jià)：提議：`Let's...!`（后接動(dòng)詞原形，如`Let'splaysoccer!`）評(píng)價(jià)：`Thatsounds...`（`sound`系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，如`Thatsoundsfun.`）應(yīng)用示例體育課邀約：>“Doyouhaveabasketball?—Yes,Ido.Let'splay!—Thatsoundsgreat!”第六單元：Doyoulikebananas?（飲食與喜好）核心單詞食物：banana,hamburger,tomato,carrot,salad,chicken,fruit,vegetable形容詞：healthy,fat動(dòng)詞：like,want,eat單詞解析：復(fù)數(shù)變化：`tomato→tomatoes`，`potato→potatoes`（加`es`）；`like`用法：`like+名詞復(fù)數(shù)`（表類別），如`Ilikebananas.`核心句型1.詢問喜好：`Doyoulike...?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Ilike...`（如`Doyoulikesalad?—No,Idon't.Ilikevegetables.`）2.表達(dá)飲食需求：`Whatdoyoulikefor...?`（`for`后接三餐，如`breakfast`）示例：`Whatdoyoulikeforlunch?—Ilikericeandchicken.`應(yīng)用示例健康飲食討論：>“Doyouliketomatoes?—Yes,they'rehealthy.Let'seatmorevegetables!”第七單元：Howmucharethesesocks?（購物與價(jià)格）核心單詞衣物：sock,T-shirt,skirt,sweater,trousers,shorts,shoes數(shù)詞：one,two,...,twelve（基數(shù)詞）價(jià)格相關(guān)：howmuch,dollar,yuan,buy,sell,sale形容詞：much,many,big,small單詞解析：復(fù)數(shù)衣物：`trousers,shorts,shoes`常以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)（如`apairoftrousers`）；`howmuch`問價(jià)格（不可數(shù)/單數(shù)），`howmany`問數(shù)量（可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)）。核心句型1.詢問價(jià)格：單數(shù)：`Howmuchisthis/that...?—It's...dollars/yuan.`（如`HowmuchisthisT-shirt?—It's20dollars.`）復(fù)數(shù)：`Howmucharethese/those...?—They're...dollars/yuan.`（如`Howmucharethesesocks?—They're5yuan.`）2.購物用語：售貨員：`CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?`購買決定：`I'lltakeit/them.`（單數(shù)`it`，復(fù)數(shù)`them`）遞物：`Hereyouare.`應(yīng)用示例商場購物對(duì)話：>“CanIhelpyou?—Yes,please.Iwantasweater.—Howaboutthisone?—It'snice.I'lltakeit.—Hereyouare.—Thankyou!”第八單元：Whenisyourbirthday?（時(shí)間與日期）核心單詞月份：January,February,...,December日期：day,month,year,birthday,party數(shù)詞：first,second,...,thirty-first（序數(shù)詞）其他：happy,old,age單詞解析：月份縮寫：`Jan.,Feb.,Mar.`等；序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成：`1st(first),2nd(second),3rd(third),4th(fourth)...`（特殊變化需記憶）。核心句型1.詢問生日：`Whenisyourbirthday?—Mybirthdayison...`（具體日期用`on`，月份/年份用`in`）示例：`MybirthdayisonOctober1st.`2.詢問年齡：`Howoldareyou?—I'm...yearsold.`示例：`Howoldisshe?—She's12yearsold.`3.日期表達(dá)：英式：`It'sonthe+序數(shù)詞+of+月份.`（如`It'sonthe5thofMay.`）美式：`It'son+月份+序數(shù)詞.`（如`It'sonMay5th.`）應(yīng)用示例生日派對(duì)邀請：>“MybirthdayisonSeptember10th.Let'shaveaparty!”第九單元：Myfavoritesubjectisscience.（學(xué)校生活與喜好）核心單詞學(xué)科：science,math,English,P.E.,art,music,history時(shí)間：Monday,Tuesday,...,Sunday其他：favorite,subject,teacher,because,free單詞解析：星期縮寫：`Mon.,Tue.,Wed.`等；`because`引導(dǎo)原因（回答`why`提問，如`Whydoyoulikescience?—Becauseit'sinteresting.`）。核心句型1.詢問喜好學(xué)科：`What'syourfavoritesubject?—Myfavoritesubjectis.../Ilike...best.`示例：`What'syourfavorit