高考英語閱讀理解試題類型及其解題技巧一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.

Shewasundermycareforthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining,yetIknewverylittleabouther,exceptthatshewasthin,perhapsinhermid70s.Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.Mrs.JoneswasthedeadbodythatIdissected（解剖）overthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining.

Ofcourse,hernamewasn'treallyMrs.Jones,butitseemedalittleimpolitetobeconductingresearchintosomeone'sbodywithoutevenknowingitsname,sooutofcourtesy,Ithoughtsheshouldhaveone.“MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,”wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.

Asthemonthspassed,IsoonforgotthatMrs.Joneshad,infact,oncebeenalive.Oneday,though,shesuddenlybecameveryhumanagain.I'dbeendissectingMrs.Jonesagood18monthsbeforeIgotaroundtotheuterus（子宮）.AfterI'dremovedit,theprofessorcameuptome,“Ifyoulookattheopeningcarefully,you'llseethattheangleindicatesthatthiswomanhashadseveralchildren,probablythree.”Istaredatit,andIsuddenlyfeltverystrange.Thiswoman,whohadgivenmesomethingincrediblypreciousthatI'dbeguntotakeforgranted,wasn'tadeadbody.Shewasaperson,amother,infact.

Atmygraduation,thesameprofessorcameovertocongratulateme.IexplainedthestoryaboutMrs.Jonestohim,andrecalledwhathe'dtoldmeaboutherhavingchildrenandhowthathadaffectedmeallthoseyearsago.

“Well,”hesaid,“atthebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,”andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.（1）Whydidn'ttheauthorknowmuchaboutMrs.Jones?A.

Becausehewasirresponsibleforhispatients.B.

Becausehewasn'tallowedtoaskforherprivacy.C.

Becausehedidn'tknowheruntilshepassedaway.D.

Becausehewastoocarelesswhiledissectingher.（2）HowdidMrs.Jonesgethername?A.

Itwaspasseddownfromtheseniorsofmyschool.B.

Itcamefromasongbeingplayedwhenwefirstmet.C.

Shewasnamedafterawell-knownsingerIlikedbestD.

ItjustoccurredtomewhenIopenedthebagofher.（3）Whatcouldbetheauthor'sfeelingforMrs.Jonesnow?A.

Grateful.

B.

Pitiless.

C.

Hateful.

D.

Guilty.（4）Whatdidtheprofessorimplybyhiswordsinthelastparagraph?A.

Medicalstudentsareabletobringthedeadbacktolife.B.

Beingadoctorhasnothingtodowiththemedicaltraining.C.

Gooddoctorsneverfailtosavetheirpatientsfromdying.D.

Medicalstaffoughttohaverespectforlifeandhumanity.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了和瓊斯夫人之間的故事，說明了醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)該尊敬生命和人道。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.”可知瓊斯夫人在去世后，把遺體捐給了醫(yī)學(xué)院，所以在她去世之前，作者并不認(rèn)識她，故選C。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,’wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.”可知當(dāng)我們第一次見面的時候，收音機里正在播放一首歌《我和瓊斯夫人》，她就這樣被命名了，故選B。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.”可知現(xiàn)在，我對瓊斯夫人充滿感激，故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“hesaid,‘a(chǎn)tthebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,’andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.”可知教授說得這段話的意思是：“在你剛開始訓(xùn)練解剖尸體的時候，你要設(shè)法把尸體變成一個人?，F(xiàn)在，你成為一名醫(yī)生了，竅門就是不要把人變成尸體。”這名教授說得這些話暗含的意思是醫(yī)務(wù)人員應(yīng)該尊敬生命和人道，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。2．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Manypeoplehavelongdreamedofbeingabletoflyaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepast10years,developmentsintechnologyhavemovedthedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailablesoon.

TheBritishcompanyMalloyAeronauticshasdevelopedaprototype(原型)ofitsflyingbicycle.GrantStapleton,marketingsalesdirectorofMalloyAeronautics,saystheHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly."Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked,"headds.

Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthecompany'smainconcern.Hesaysthedesignerssolvedthesafetyissuebyusingoverlappingrotorstopowerthevehicle.

Thecompanyistestingafull-sizeprototypeoftheHoverbike,whichwillmostlikelybeusedfirstbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.

InNewZealand,MartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingdevice,calledtheJetpack.Itcanflyformorethan30minutes,upto1,000metershighandreachaspeedof74kilometersperhour.

PeterCokeristheCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.HesaidtheJetpack"isbuiltaroundsafetyfromthestart".Inhiswords,"Reliabilityisthemostimportantelementofit.Wehavesafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar.

TheJetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachutethatwouldbeused,ifthereshouldbeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitudeandactuallysavesboththeaircraftandthepilot,"headds.Mr.CokersaystheJetpackwillbereadyforsalesoon.（1）WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheHoverbike________.A.

canhardlygetinandoutofsmallspacesquicklyB.

canflyforover30minutes,upto1,000metershighC.

hasbeenusedbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteamsD.

canbetransportedquicklyafterbeingfoldedandpacked（2）PeterCokerusestheexampleofFormulaOneracingcartoshowthat________.A.

theJetpackisverysafeandreliableB.

theengineoftheJetpackispowerfulC.

theactualstructureoftheJetpackisuniqueD.

theJetpackcanreachagreatspeedandheight（3）Theunderlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphrefersto________.A.

thejetstream

B.

theengine

C.

theJetpack

D.

theparachute（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.

Todescribetheproblemsofinventingflyingvehicles.B.

Tointroducethelatestdevelopmentofflyingvehicles.C.

Toshowthedifferencesbetweentwoflyingvehicles.D.

Toadvertisethetwopersonalflyingvehicles.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述一種個人飛行工具很快就會應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實，然而安全性和強度一直是個大問題，文中介紹了兩家研發(fā)飛行器的公司的最新的產(chǎn)品，新產(chǎn)品把安全放在首位，并對產(chǎn)品進行了改進。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“theHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly.Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked.”可知，Hoverbike能夠很快地進出小空間。它可快速地在大陸上移動，因為它可以折疊和包裝?？芍?，選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段PeterCoker說Jetpack從一開始就圍繞安全進行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。我們在車的現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)中植入了安全性，非常類似于FormulaOne賽車。，故選A。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachute(降落傘)thatcanbeusedshouldtherebeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitude….,”Coker先生說Jetpack上也有降落傘，可以在緊急情況下使用。“在海拔非常低的情況下開始用它…”?？芍?，Jetpack上的降落傘（它）是在海拔低時才用。由此可知it指的是parachute(降落傘)。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段可知，許多人一直夢想能像騎自行車一樣簡單的飛來飛去，科技的發(fā)展讓這個夢想很快實現(xiàn)。然而飛行自行車的安全性和強度一直是個大問題。接著下面敘述了兩家研發(fā)飛行器的公司的最新的產(chǎn)品，新產(chǎn)品把安全放在首位。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Anxietyhasnowsurpasseddepressionasthemostcommonmentalhealthdiseaseamongcollegestudents,thoughdepression,too,isontherise.Morethanhalfofstudentsvisitingcampusclinicsciteanxietyasahealthconcern,accordingtoarecentstudyofmorethan100,000studentsnationwidebytheCenterforCollegiateMentalHealthatPennState.Nearlyoneinsixcollegestudentshasbeendiagnosedwithortreatedforanxietywithinthelast12months,accordingtotheannualnationalsurveybytheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation.

Thecausesrangewidely,expertssay,frommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmedia.Anxietyhasalwaysplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofastudent'slife,butnowmorestudentsexperienceanxietysoacutethattheyareseekingprofessionalhelp.Likemanycollegeclinics,theCenterforCounselingandPsychologicalServicesattheUniversityofCentralFlorida(UCF)—oneofthecountry'slargestandfastest-growinguniversities,hasseensharpincreasesinthenumberofclients:15.2percentoverlastyearalone.

Anxietyhasbecomecharacteristicofthecurrentgenerationofcollegestudents,saidDanJones,thedirectorofCounselingandPsychologicalServicesatAppalachianStateUniversityinBoone,N.C.Becauseofincreasinglypressuresduringhighschool,heandotherexpertssay,studentsarriveatcollegepreloadedwithstress.Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversight,manyseemunabletogovernthemselves.Andwithparentssoaccessible,studentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.“Theycan'ttoleratediscomfortorhavingtostruggle,”DrJonessaid.

Moreoften,anxietyismildandtemporary,theindicationofastudentunderthecontrolofanormaldevelopmentalissue-learningtimemanagement,forexample,orhowtohandlerejectionfromasorority.Mildanxietyisoftentreatablewithearly,modestinterventions.Buttocareforrisingnumbersofseverelytroubledstudents,manycounselingcentershavemovedtotriageprotocols(分診措施).Thatmeansthatstudentswithlessurgentneedsmaywaitseveralweeksforfirstappointments.

Likemanycollegecounselingcenters,UCFhasdesignedavarietyofdailyworkshopsandtherapygroupsthatimplicitlyandexplicitlyaddressanxiety,depressionandtheirtriggers.Nextfallthecenterwilltestanewappfortreatinganxietywithaseven-modulecognitivebehavioralprogram,accessiblethroughastudent'sphoneandaugmentedwithbriefvideoconferenceswithatherapist.Italsoofferssemester-long,90-minuteweeklytherapygroups,suchas“KeepingCalmandinControl”,“MindfulnessforDepression”and“BuildingSocialConfidence”-forstudentsstrugglingwithsocialanxiety.（1）Whichofthefollowingcontributestoanxietyaccordingtothetext?A.

Protectionfromteachers.

B.

Anappinstudents'phones.C.

Increasinglylearningpressure.

D.

Managementoftimelearning.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph3probablymean?A.

Prevention.

B.

Motivation.

C.

Acquisition.

D.

Direction.（3）What'sthepurposeofthosetherapygroupsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.

Tohelpstudentssufferinganxiety.B.

Totestwhatsocialanxietyis.C.

TointroducethecognitivebehavioralprogramofUCF.D.

Toemphasizetheimportanceofcalmandconfidence.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

TipsondealingwithanxietyB.

CausesofanxietyanddepressionC.

DifferentmentaldiseasesthreatencollegestudentsD.

Collegementalhealthcentersoverburdenedwithanxiousstudents【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】焦慮癥已經(jīng)超越抑郁癥成為大學(xué)生中最常見的心理健康問題，文章分析焦慮可能產(chǎn)生的原因，以及某些大學(xué)為此采取的措施。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容Thecausesrangewidely,expertssay,frommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmedia（專家稱焦慮癥的原因多種多樣，從早年積累下來的學(xué)業(yè)壓力、家長的過度保護到對社交媒體的強迫性依賴）可知，C項（增加的學(xué)習(xí)壓力）會導(dǎo)致焦慮，故選C。（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上句內(nèi)容Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversight,manyseemunabletogovernthemselves.（很多學(xué)生都習(xí)慣于父母無微不至的監(jiān)督，幾乎沒有自制能力。）故這里遞進的句子Andwithparentssoaccessible,studentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.（由于家長總在身邊，學(xué)生們普遍缺乏學(xué)習(xí)獨立生活技能的________。），B項“動力”最符合語境，故劃線單詞意思為“動力”，選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段表述的內(nèi)容：像許多大學(xué)的心理咨詢中心一樣，U.C.F.也設(shè)置了多種日常研討會和治療小組，以直接或間接的方式解決焦慮、抑郁問題及其觸發(fā)源。明年秋天，該中心將對一種新的擁有七個模塊的認(rèn)知行為療法應(yīng)用程序進行測試，學(xué)生可以通過手機獲取該應(yīng)用，并可與治療師進行簡短的視頻談話。故這些治療小組的目的時為了幫助那些患焦慮癥的學(xué)生。故選A。（4）主旨大意題。通讀全文可看出，文章介紹了焦慮癥已經(jīng)成為美國大學(xué)生中最常見心理問題，大學(xué)的心理咨詢中心已經(jīng)超負(fù)荷，故選D作為標(biāo)題最合適。4．閱讀理解

Whydoyougotothelibrary?Forbooks,yes--butyoulikebooksbecausetheytellstories.Youhopetogetlostinastoryorbetransportedintosomeoneelse'slife.Atonetypeoflibrary,youcandojustthat--eventhoughthere'snotasinglebook.

AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow”people.Individualsvolunteerashuman“books”andparticipantsintheeventcan“read”thebook--meaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience.“Books”arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination(歧視)basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlife

Foracertainamountoftime,youcanaskthemquestionsandlistentotheirstories,whichareasfascinatingandasattractiveasanyyoucanfindinabook.Manyofthestorieshavetodowithsomekindofstereotype.Youcanspeakwitharefugee(難民),asoldiersufferingfromPTSD,ahomelesspersonorawomanlivingwithHIV.TheHumanLibraryencouragespeopletochallengetheirownlong-heldbeliefs-totrulygettoknow,andlearnfromsomeonetheymightotherwisemakeaquickjudgmentabout.

Accordingtoitswebsite,theHumanLibraryis“aplacewheredifficultquestionsareexpected,appreciatedandanswered.”Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperiencesofothersintheircommunity.

TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayeventduringamajorNorthernEuropeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince.

Thoughthereareafewpermanenthumanlibraries,mostaren'tplacesatall,butevents.Thoughmanydotakeplaceatphysicallibraries,youdon'tneedalibrarycard—anyonecancomeandbepartoftheexperience.Therehavebeenhumanlibraryeventsallovertheglobe,inuniversitiesandinpubs,fromChicagotoTunistoEdinburghtoSanAntonio.

Thestoriesthese"books"tellrangefromfascinatingtoheartbreakingandeverythinginbetween.Andthat'stheverypointoftheorganization--toprovethatnopersoncanbesummedupinjustoneword.Itseekstoshowpeoplethatyoutrulycan'tjudgeabookbyitscover---orbyitstitleorlabel.（1）The“books”inhumanlibrariesare____________.A.

long-heldbeliefsattractingindividuals

B.

inspiringstonesmotivatingpeopleintroubleC.

eventsinwhichpeoplecantalktovolunteers

D.

unfairly-treatedpeoplesharingtheirexperiences（2）TheeventinCopenhagenissignificantbecauseit_______.A.

aimedtohelptheyoungsufferingfromviolence

B.

attemptedtoreplacetraditionalphysicallibrariesC.

laidafoundationfortheHumanLibraryOrganization

D.

ledtoapleasingdevelopmentforthecommunitywithracism（3）Inhumanlibraries,thereadersarelikelyto_________.A.

deepentheirunderstandingofpeople

B.

enrichtheirownpersonalexperiencesC.

hearthestoriesfromallovertheworld

D.

makequickjudgmentsaboutthe“books”（4）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_________.A.

compareandevaluate

B.

informandexplainC.

discussandpersuade

D.

analyzeandsuggest【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】這是一篇介紹說明類文章。文章介紹了有關(guān)“theHumanLibrary”的相關(guān)信息。在theHumanLibrary，讀者可以和來自各行各業(yè)志愿者們交談，了解他們的經(jīng)歷和故事，加深對他人的了解。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow”people.Individualsvolunteerashuman“books”andparticipantsintheeventcan“read”thebook--meaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience.“Books”arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination(歧視)basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlife”可知，HumanLibrary的“書”實際上人，這些人來自各行各業(yè)，他們經(jīng)歷了種族，宗教，性別等方面的歧視。讀者們可以和這些人交談，了解他們的經(jīng)歷。故答案選D。（2）推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayduringamajorNorthernEuropeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince”可知，RonniAbergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事舉行了為期四天的活動，希望提高人們對青年人暴力的意識。在這次活動成功之后，Abergel建立了theHumanLibraryOrganization，該組織一直在發(fā)展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen舉行的活動的成功導(dǎo)致了theHumanLibraryOrganization的成立，結(jié)合選項可推知，該活動奠定了該組織的基礎(chǔ)，故答案選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperiencesofothersintheircommunity”可知，theHumanLibrary給社會給提供了分享和了解別人經(jīng)歷的機會。由此可知，通過theHumanLibrary，人們可以加深對他人的了解。故答案選A。（4）寫作意圖題。文章介紹了theHumanLibrary(真人圖書館)的情況。在theHumanLibrary，讀者可以和來自各行各業(yè)志愿者們交談，了解他們的經(jīng)歷和故事。文章還介紹了theHumanLibrary的成立的情況。很明顯，作者希望通過這篇文章讓讀者了解theHumanLibrary，結(jié)合選項，告知解釋。故答案選B。【點評】推理題的解題方法：（1）抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。（2）整合全文（段）信息進行推斷。有時需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。（3）利用語境的褒貶性進行信息推斷。每篇文章的語境都有一定褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能在把握主旨文意的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。（4）根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。（5）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。（6）結(jié)合已有的知識進行推斷。知識推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。5．閱讀理解

Ittookmeamomenttorealizewhathadhappened.ThreedayshadpassedandRitaseemedtogetweakerandweaker.Therainhadstopped.However,theskywasstillcloudy,anditwassodarkthatIcouldn'tseethebuildingsevenacrosstheroad.Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.

Therewererainsandwindsstill,butnotoppressive(難以忍受的)anymore.Therewasstillnopower,hotwaterorfood.Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.

AsItravelledfurthertothewest,goingafterthestorm,thedamagealongthewaybecamelesssevere.IarrivedinHoustonafteratrickyjourneywithmyfuelsuppliesalmostallgone.However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.Hehelpedmeandwesharedourworkingexperiencethesedays.WithacompletestrokeofluckIfoundarun-downhotelthatallowedmetohavearoomovernightbeforethemidnight.Althoughtherewasnorunningwater,nopowerandnoairconditioning,Icurledupintoacornerandfellasleepquickly.

Iwokeupthenextmorning,andwhatachange!Theskywasblueandcarsweremovingaround.Sirenscouldbeheardasconvoys(護航隊)ofemergencymanagementsstartedtoheadwesttowardswhereIhadcomefrom."ThestormhadstoppedandIcouldgohome.Igaveallmyremainingsuppliestootherpeopleatthehotelandheadedtowardstheairport.HoustonAirportwasnotdamaged,soItookmyflightanddrankmyfirsthotdrinkinfourdays.

Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.（1）Wecanknowfromthepassagethat“Rita”is________.A.

apet

B.

astorm

C.

afriendoftheauthor

D.

acitizeninHouston（2）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Theauthorwasastormchaser.

B.

Thestormlastedforatleastaweek.C.

Theauthordidn'tlikeHoustonatall.

D.

Houstonwasverybadlydamagedbythestorm.（3）Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterthestorm?A.

Anxious.

B.

Disappointed.

C.

Satisfied.

D.

Scared.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Waystosurviveinastorm.

B.

TheweatherchangesinHouston.C.

Theauthor'sexperienceinthestorm.

D.

DamagescausedbythestorminHouston.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章描述了作者親身經(jīng)歷的一場風(fēng)暴Rita，作者對于自己能夠追逐并且記錄這場風(fēng)暴，感覺非常驕傲。盡管非常危險，但是作者非常熱愛自己的這份工作。(1)推理判斷題。由第二段Besides,Ididn'tsleepwellforallthesedays,butIfeltmorerelaxedsincetheweatherreportsaidRitawasleaving.What'smore,Iwasluckierthanthosepeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesorevenworse,losttheirlivesbecauseofRita.可知，天氣預(yù)報報道Rita離開了，它讓許多人們失去了家園，甚至失去了生命。結(jié)合第一段中Itookapressurereadingfromtheweatherstation:947mb,whichletmeknowexactlywhereIwas—intheeyeofthestorm.可推知，"Rita”是一次風(fēng)暴，選B。(2)推理判斷題。由第三段However,Icameacrossanotherstormchaser(追逐者)whohad45gallonsofpetrol.可推知，作者是一位風(fēng)暴追逐者，選A。(3)推理判斷題。由最后一段Allinall,whenIcamebackhome,IwasproudthatIfinallymadeitagaintofollowandrecordthestormandIreallylearnedalotthesedays.Althoughit'sdangerous,Ilovemyjobasnotmanypeoplewouldgointotheeyeofanintensestorm.可推知，在這次風(fēng)暴之后，作者感覺很滿意，故選C。(4)主旨大意題。這篇文章描述了作者親身經(jīng)歷的一場風(fēng)暴Rita，作者對于自己能夠追逐并且記錄這場風(fēng)暴，感覺非常驕傲。盡管非常危險，但是作者非常熱愛自己的這份工作，故選C?！军c評】寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。詢問寫作目的的題，選項里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain(解釋),prove(證明),persuade(勸說),advise(勸告),comment(評論),praise(贊揚),criticize(批評),entertain(娛樂),demonstrate(舉例說明),argue(辯論),tell(講述),analyze(分析)等。詢問語氣態(tài)度的題，選項里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(滿意的),friendly(友好的),enthusiastic(熱情的),subjective(主觀的),objective(客觀的),matter-of-fact(實事求是的),pessimistic(悲觀的),optimistic(樂觀的),critical(批評的),doubtful(懷疑的),hostile(敵對的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。6．閱讀理解

Nowadays,especiallyinChina,everythingseemstofavorsocialintercourse(社交),suchasgatheringsoffriends,KTV,grouptravel,diningtighter,playingcardsandMahjong,plustheChinese-style"street-crossinggroup."Backhome,discussionscanstillbeboisterouslycarriedonwithinthe"circleoffriends"ofWeChat.

However,thesescenescannotalwayseaseasenseofloneliness.ZhuZiqing,awell-knownprofessorofTsinghuaUniversity,signedwithemotion:"Mylonelinessincreasesasscenebecomesmuchbusier."Onepopularsongtodayisalsocalled"Alonelymanincrowds."Actually,engaginginsocialintercourserequiresability,whilebeingaloneinvolvesthewholecharacter.

Thesedays,itisnoteasytocalmdowntotallyandreturntoone'strueself.Willpower,intellectanddisciplinearerequired.Einsteinsaid:"Itisnotyourworkingtimebutyoursparetimethatdeterminesthepossibilityofwhetheryouwillbesuccessfulornot."The"sparetime"hereferredtocouldbetakenas"spendingtimebyyourself."

Lonelylifecouldbeeitherdull,boringandtastelessorabundant,interestingandcolorful,dependingonone'squality,ambitionandinspiration.

Justasthebodyconstantlyrequiresenergy,themindandsoulalsodemandneverstoppinginputs.However,information,processedandintegrated(融入)intoknowledge,thoughtsandfeelings,insteadofbustle

(忙碌)

seemstobetherightcondition.Successfulcareersmallwalksoflifeworldwidehaveprovedthat"thesoulgrowsinpeaceandtalentisnurturedinloneliness".Inasense,itmaybereasonabletosaythat"Happinesstendstobeshallowwhilelonelinessinvolvesdepth".

Man,infact,needslonelinessmorethanhappytime,andonlyabundantlonelinesscanproducequalityhappiness.（1）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedtheword"boisterously"inparagraphl?A.

surprisingly

B.

sadly

C.

busily

D.

peacefully（2）Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.

Beingalonemarkspeopledepressed.

B.

Socialintercourseimprovesourhappiness.C.

Onemayfeellonelyevenwhensurroundedbypeople.

D.

Weshouldattendsocialintercoursetodecreaseourloneliness.（3）WhatcanweknowfromEinstein'swords?A.

Youshouldbesuccessfulifyouspendallyourtimebyyourself.

B.

Youshouldexercisemoreifyouwanttokeepyourmindshealthy.C.

Youwillnotbecomesuccessfulifyoujoininmoresocialintercourse.

D.

Youwillbemoresuccessfulifyoucanmakeyourlonelytimemeaningful.（4）Whichmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?A.

LiveonYourOwn

B.

HappinessandLonelinessC.

TheSecretofSuccess

D.

PracticeYourSocialAbility【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是議論文。主要討論了在現(xiàn)今社會中很多的社會往活動在進行中，人們看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩蓋不了人們在這些幸福場景背后倍感孤獨的社會現(xiàn)象。（1）考查詞意猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，如今，尤其是在中國，一切都似乎有利于社會交往，如朋友聚會、KTV、團體旅游、餐飲更緊，打牌和麻將，加上中式“過街組”?？梢圆聹y出下文：回到家中仍然忙著在微信上討論。所以劃線詞boisterously的意思是“忙的”，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句，也是主題句However,thesescenescannotalwayseaseasenseofloneliness.以及Alonelymanincrowds.”可知，一個人就算被人包圍著也可能感到孤獨。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Einsteinsaid:“Itisnotyourworkingtimebutyoursparetimethatdeterminesthepossibilityofwhetheryouwillbesuccessfulornot.”（愛因斯坦說：“不是你的工作時間，而是你的業(yè)余時間決定了你是否成功的可能性。）可知，如果你能讓寂寞的時間更有意義，你會更成功。故選D。（4）考查標(biāo)題判斷題。本文主要討論了在現(xiàn)今社會中很多的社會往活動在進行中，人們看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩蓋不了人們在這些幸福場景背后倍感孤獨的社會現(xiàn)象。所以最佳標(biāo)題是B.HappinessandLoneliness，故選B.【點評】尋找文章的主題句了解文章主要論題的關(guān)鍵是找到全文的主題句。主題句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各個段落中。如果每個段落都有主題句，那么把各段落的主題句的中心思想集中起來，即為全文的主題句。7．閱讀理解

Averagehumanscanconsume15ormoredrinksinplasticbottlesamonth.Ifyouwerebornafter1978,andliveuntil80yearsold,youwillleavebehindaminimumof14,400plasticbottlesonthisplanet.Thesebottlestakehundredsofyearstobreakdownintotinypiecesofplastic,nevertocompletelydisappear.Mostofthewasteisconsumedbyfishandbirds,whi