2022屆山東省臨沂市蘭山區(qū)高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題本試卷滿分150分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考生號(hào)、縣區(qū)和科類填寫(xiě)到答題卡和試卷規(guī)定的位置上。2.第Ⅰ卷每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.第Ⅱ卷必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)的位置；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonextweek?A.Meetarelative.B.Setaworkschedule.C.Travelwithheraunt.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Ameeting.B.Adinnerparty.C.Acoffeeshop.3.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Onaplane.B.Athome.C.Inacar.4.Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?A.Atravelagent.B.Astoreclerk.C.Agoodfriend.5.Whatkindofbananasdoesthewomanwant?A.Theyellowones.B.Thegreenones.C.Theoneswithsomebrownspots.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthemandooversummervacation?A.Heworkedatarestaurant.B.Heattendedsomeclasses.C.Hetraveledaroundtheworld.7.WhatdothespeakersthinkofDavid’sstory?A.Themanthinksheisfoolish.B.Thewomandoesn’tthinkwellofhisidea.C.Theybothadmirehimalot.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whymightthemanfeelguilty?A.Hearrivedlatetoaparty.B.Hemissedthewoman’sbirthday.C.Heforgottobuythewomangifts.9.Whenwillthemanpickupthewoman?A.At5:00p.m.B.At6:00p.m.C.At7:00p.m.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Interviewingsomeone.B.Visitingaplace.C.Givingalecture.11.WhenwasAmasyabuiltaccordingtothewoman?A.Around1300yearsago.B.Around3000yearsago.C.Around7500yearsago.12.WhatdoesthewomansuggestvisitorsdoinAmasya?A.Picktheapples.B.Viewthehouses.C.Rowboatsontheriver.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Howlongwasthemanabroad?A.Twomonths.B.Fourmonths.C.Sixmonths.14.Howdidthemanfeelforthefirstpartofhistrip?A.Excited.B.Upset.C.Relaxed.15.Whatlanguagedidthefamilyspeakathome?A.Russian.B.Chinese.C.English.16.WhydoesthemanwanttoreadRussianbooks?A.Todobetterinschool.B.Tolearnmoreabouttheculture.C.Toimprovehisgrammar.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howmanycountrieswillstudentsbeabletochoosefrom?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.18.Whatisthepurposeofthegrouplessons?A.Tohelpstudentsgetoninhostcountries.B.Tohelpstudentsselectrightprograms.C.Tohelpstudentsimprovegrades.19.Whenwilltheapplicationsbedue?A.AttheendofJanuary.B.AttheendofJune.C.AttheendofOctober.20.Whatisnecessaryfortheapplicationoftheprogram?A.Twopersonalessays.B.Oneacademicpaper.C.Highgradesinforeignlanguageclasses.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThe“l(fā)aughoutloud”faceisofficiallytheworld’smostpopularemoji,accordingtoresearchersfromAdobe(ADBE)whosurveyed7,000usersacrosstheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Germany,France,Japan,Australia,andSouthKorea.The“thumbsup”emojicameinsecond,followedbythe“redheart”emoji.Theflirtatious“winkandkiss”and“sadfacewithatear”emojisrespectivelyroundedoutthetopfive.ThesoftwaremakeronThursdayreleasedthefindingsfromits2021GlobalEmojiTrendReportaheadofWorldEmojiDayonSaturday.Adobe’slatestEmojiTrendreportalsoexaminedthethreemostmisunderstoodemojisintheworld.The“eggplant”symboledgedoutthe“peach”andthe“clown”emojisrespectivelyasthemostconfusingforusers.Thevastmajorityofemojiusers(90%)believethemodern—dayhieroglyphsmakeiteasierforthemtoexpressthemselves.Eighty—ninepercentofrespondentssaidemojissimplifycommunicatingacrosslanguagebarriers.And67%saidtheythinkpeoplewhouseemojisarefriendlier,funnierandcoolerthanthosewhodon’t.Aslightmajorityofrespondentssaidtheyaremorecomfortableexpressingemotionsthroughemojisthantalkingonthephoneorin—person.Morethanhalfofglobalemojiusers(55%)saidusingemojisincommunicationshaspositivelyimpactedtheirmentalhealth.Seventy—sixpercentofthosesurveyedsaidemojisareanimportantcommunicationtoolforcreatingunity,respectandunderstanding.And88%saidtheyfeelmoreempathetictowardpeoplewhouseemojis.1.Whatarethethreemostpopularemojisaccordingtothepassage?A.clownthumbsuplaughoutloudB.laughoutloudthumbsupwinkandkissC.laughoutloudthumbsupredheartD.thumbsupredheartsadfacewithatear2.Whichemojiisthemostconfusingoneforusers?A.Peach. B.Eggplant. C.Clown. D.Winkandkiss.3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofmostpeoplesurveyedtoemojis?A.Favorable. B.Passive. C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了軟件制造商Adobe的對(duì)于2021表情符號(hào)趨勢(shì)的分析。報(bào)告結(jié)果顯示，“笑”表情符號(hào)成為全球最流行的表情符號(hào)，“茄子”險(xiǎn)勝“桃子”和“小丑”，成為最讓網(wǎng)友感到困惑的表情符號(hào)，大部分被調(diào)查的人贊成表情符號(hào)的使用。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“The“l(fā)aughoutloud”faceisofficiallytheworld’smostpopularemoji(“笑”表情符號(hào)成為全球最流行的表情符號(hào))”和第二段的“The“thumbsup”emojicameinsecond,followedbythe“redheart”emoji.(“點(diǎn)贊”表情位列第二，其次是“紅色愛(ài)心”表情。)”可知，三個(gè)最受歡迎的表情符號(hào)是“笑”，“點(diǎn)贊”“紅色愛(ài)心”。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Adobe’slatestEmojiTrendreportalsoexaminedthethreemostmisunderstoodemojisintheworld.The“eggplant”symboledgedoutthe“peach”andthe“clown”emojisrespectivelyasthemostconfusingforusers.(這份最新的報(bào)告分析了全球最讓人迷惑的三種表情符號(hào)：“茄子”險(xiǎn)勝“桃子”和“小丑”，成為最讓網(wǎng)友感到困惑的表情符號(hào)。)”可知，“茄子”是最讓用戶迷惑的表情符號(hào)。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thevastmajorityofemojiusers(90%)believethemodern—dayhieroglyphsmakeiteasierforthemtoexpressthemselves.Eighty—ninepercentofrespondentssaidemojissimplifycommunicatingacrosslanguagebarriers.(絕大多數(shù)表情符號(hào)用戶（90%）認(rèn)為這種現(xiàn)代圖像符號(hào)讓他們更容易表達(dá)自己。89%的受訪者表示，表情符號(hào)簡(jiǎn)化了跨語(yǔ)言障礙的交流。)”可推斷，大多數(shù)被調(diào)查者對(duì)表情符號(hào)的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選A。BGettingdrunkonicecreamusedtobethestuffofdreams,butthankstoWillRogers,inventorandownerofWDSDessertStationsinHinkley,Illinois,ithasbecomeadeliciousreality.TheBelowZeroicecreammachineusesauniquetechniquetofreezealcohol,whichallowsyoutoturnbeers,cocktailsandevenspirits(烈酒)intodelicioussoft—serveicecream.Rogerswastryingtocreateahighly—caffeinatedespressoicecreamflavorwhenherealizedhecouldusethesametechniquewithalcoholicbeverages.HestartedexperimentingwithvariousgumsandstabilizerscommonlyusedintheicecreamindustryandeventuallypatentedsomethingcalledtheNEAgel.It’sthismagicalconcoction(調(diào)制品)thatallowsthealcoholtofreezetoanearsolidinsidetheBelowZeroicecreammachine.EventhoughBelowZerochangesthetexture(質(zhì)地)ofbeer,cocktailsandevenspirits,essentiallyturningthemintosoft—serveicecream,itdoesnotaffectthealcoholcontentatall.TheABV(酒精度)remainsexactlythesame,whichmeansyoucangetdrunkonice—creamjustasyouwouldonthesameconcoctionsinliquidform.WillRogersclaimsthatittakesaround30minutesforbeertogofromliquidtoicecreamform,buthigheralcoholcontentdrinkstakelonger.Essentially,thehigherthealcohollevel,thelongerthewait.TheAmericaninventorplanstosellBelowZeroicecreammachinestobarsandbrewerieswantingtosurprisetheirpatrons.Metroreportsthatmachineswillsellforabout6,000.4.What’sthenameofthemachinewhichcanchangebeerandspiritsintoicecream?A.WillRogers B.WDSDessertStationsC.Hinkley D.BelowZero5.Whatmakesalcoholtofreezetoanearsolidinsidethemachine?A.gums. B.stabilizers. C.NEAgel. D.ABV.6.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Themachinecanchangeallliquidsintoicecream.B.Ittakes20minutesforbeertochangeintoicecream.C.Thehigherthealcohollevel,theshorterthewaitwillbe.D.Themachinechangesthetextureofbeer,cocktailsandevenspirits.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Themachineaffectsthealcoholcontent.B.Youcangetdrunkifyouhaveice—creamsmadefromspirits.C.TheAmericaninventordoesn’twanttosellthemagicalmachine.D.Barsandbrewerieswillnotbecomepotentialbuyersofthemachine.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.B【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一臺(tái)能把啤酒變成冰淇淋的神奇機(jī)器。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“TheBelowZeroicecreammachineusesauniquetechniquetofreezealcohol,whichallowsyoutoturnbeers,cocktailsandevenspirits(烈酒)intodelicioussoft—serveicecream.(“零度之下”冰淇淋機(jī)采用獨(dú)特的技術(shù)來(lái)冷凍酒精飲料，讓你可以將啤酒、雞尾酒甚至烈酒變成口感柔軟的冰淇淋。)”可知，這個(gè)可以把啤酒和烈酒變成冰淇淋的機(jī)器叫“零度之下”,故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“HestartedexperimentingwithvariousgumsandstabilizerscommonlyusedintheicecreamindustryandeventuallypatentedsomethingcalledtheNEAgel.It’sthismagicalconcoction(調(diào)制品)thatallowsthealcoholtofreezetoanearsolidinsidetheBelowZeroicecreammachine.(他開(kāi)始拿冰淇淋產(chǎn)業(yè)常用的各種食品膠和穩(wěn)定劑來(lái)做試驗(yàn)，最終研制出了一種名為NEAgel的食品膠并取得了專利。正是這種神奇的調(diào)制品讓酒精飲料在“零度之下”冰淇淋機(jī)里凍成了半固態(tài)。)”可知，NEAgel使酒精在機(jī)器內(nèi)部?jī)鼋Y(jié)到接近固體。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“EventhoughBelowZerochangesthetexture(質(zhì)地)ofbeer,cocktailsandevenspirits,essentiallyturningthemintosoft—serveicecream,itdoesnotaffectthealcoholcontentatall.(盡管“零度之下”冰淇淋機(jī)改變了啤酒、雞尾酒甚至烈酒的質(zhì)地，將它們變成了口感柔軟的冰淇淋，但是并沒(méi)有改變其酒精含量。)”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器改變了啤酒、雞尾酒甚至烈酒的質(zhì)地。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“itdoesnotaffectthealcoholcontentatall.TheABV(酒精度)remainsexactlythesame,whichmeansyoucangetdrunkonice—creamjustasyouwouldonthesameconcoctionsinliquidform.(它并沒(méi)有改變其酒精含量。酒精含量保持不變，意味著你可以吃冰淇淋吃到醉，就和喝醉酒一樣。)”可推斷，如果你吃烈酒做的冰淇淋，你會(huì)醉。故選B。CJeffBezos,ElonMuskandRichardBransonhaveacombinednetworthof400billion,roughlythesizeoftheGDPoftheentirenationofIreland.Andallthreemenhavedecidedtoputvastsumsoftheirwealthintochasingtheirspacetraveldreams,creatingamodernspaceraceinwhichultra—richmen—ratherthancountries—shootforthestars.Butwhythethreebillionaireschoosethecrazyplan?Justforthetraveldreams?It’snotthatsimple.Asweallknow,thespacetravelisamirrorofcomprehensivenationalstrength,whetherit’sthecoldwarorthepresent.Thefirstspaceracespannedmultiplepresidentsandpremiers—Kennedy,Krushchev,Brezhnev,Nixon.Itmadeheroesofastronautsandcosmonauts,anditfocusednationalprides.Butobviously,thisyear’sracebetweenthebillionairesfeaturesnoneofthatnationalprideoropposingideas.It’stax—aversetycoons(大亨)whowanttosellhigh—pricedticketstorichpeopleinterestedinexperiencingweightlessness.Amazon’sBezoshassaidheisfundinghisportionbysellingofflargechunksofhisAmazonstock(股票)—1billionormoreayear.Whataretheodds?Ifanyoneistakingbetsonhowthiswillend,andwhowillhavethemoreprofitablespacetourismbusiness,considerAmazon’smethodofmakingverylittleprofitinordertoeatupcompetition.So,fromthispointofview,what’shidingbehindthiscrazyraceisbusiness.Asamethodofexpandinfluence,itisnotabadidea.RichardBransonhascarriedouthisplanonJuly12,andJeffBezosannouncedthathewillstarthisspacetravelonJuly20.Bezosisgettingsomegoodpressbecausehe’stakingWallyFunkalongfortheride.She’sthepilotnowinher80swhowaskeptoutofspaceinthe1960sbecauseshe’sawoman.Thismaybeabonusforhim.AsforMusk,hethinksthesetwoabovearenotrealspacetrips,hewantsalargermove.Whowillwintheraceintheend?Let’swaitandsee.8.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightbethepotentialclientofthespacetravel?A.Daisyaged45withaheavydebt.B.Clarksonwhodoesn’tenjoytakingrisks.C.Billyaged60withanampleretirementpension.D.Alexanderwhoknowsnothingaboutspacetravel.9.WhatstoppedWallyFunkflyingtospaceinthe1960s?A.Age. B.Gender. C.Height. D.Disposition.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthebillionairesrace?A.Profit—driven. B.Meaningless. C.Foolish. D.Generous.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spanned”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Revolved. B.Turneddown. C.Entered. D.Leaptthrough.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了三位億萬(wàn)富翁創(chuàng)造的一場(chǎng)現(xiàn)代太空競(jìng)賽以及競(jìng)賽背后隱藏的深層含義。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Andallthreemenhavedecidedtoputvastsumsoftheirwealthintochasingtheirspacetraveldreams,creatingamodernspaceraceinwhichultra—richmen—ratherthancountries—shootforthestars.(這三個(gè)人都決定將自己的巨額財(cái)富投入到追求太空旅行夢(mèng)想中，創(chuàng)造了一場(chǎng)現(xiàn)代太空競(jìng)賽，在這場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽中，超級(jí)富豪們——而不是國(guó)家——都在向著更高的目標(biāo)進(jìn)發(fā))”可推知，參加太空旅行需要財(cái)力雄厚，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，年齡60歲，有豐裕的退休金的Billy可能是太空旅行的潛在客戶。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章倒數(shù)第二段“She’sthepilotnowinher80swhowaskeptoutofspaceinthe1960sbecauseshe’sawoman.(她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)80多歲了，是一名飛行員，因?yàn)樗且幻?，所以?0世紀(jì)60年代被拒在太空之外)”可知，是性別阻止了WallyFunk在20世紀(jì)60年代飛往太空。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章倒數(shù)第三段“So,fromthispointofview,what’shidingbehindthiscrazyraceisbusiness.(因此，從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，在這場(chǎng)瘋狂的比賽背后隱藏的是商業(yè))”可推知，作者認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)億萬(wàn)富翁競(jìng)賽是利益驅(qū)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。通過(guò)劃線詞上文“thespacetravelisamirrorofcomprehensivenationalstrength(太空旅行是綜合國(guó)力的一面鏡子)”以及下文“multiplepresidentsandpremiers—Kennedy,Krushchev,Brezhnev,Nixon(多位總統(tǒng)和總理——肯尼迪、赫魯曉夫、勃列日涅夫、尼克松)”可知，太空旅行在當(dāng)時(shí)展現(xiàn)了各國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力，有多個(gè)國(guó)家的總統(tǒng)和總理參加。從而推知，此處指第一次太空競(jìng)賽跨越多國(guó)，涉及多位總統(tǒng)和總理。畫(huà)線詞“spanned”意為“跨越、涉及”。故選D項(xiàng)。DWeliveintheageofthealgorithm(算法).Increasingly,thedecisionsthataffectourlives—wherewegotoschool,whetherwegetacarloan,howmuchwepayforhealthinsurance—arebeingmadenotbyhumans,butbymathematicalmodels.Oneapplicationthathasbecomeparticularlycommonistheuseofalgorithmstoevaluatejobperformance.Sarah,ateacherwho,despitebeingwidelyrespectedbyherstudents,theirparentsandhercolleagues,wasfiredbecausesheperformedpoorlyaccordingtoanalgorithm.Whenanalgorithmratesyoupoorly,youareimmediatelybrandedasanunderperformerandthereisrarelyanopportunitytoappealagainstthosejudgments.Inmanycases,methodsareconsideredsecretsandnodetailsareshared.Anddataoftenseemsconvincing.Asamatteroffact,thebeliefthatschoolperformanceinAmericaisdecliningisbasedonadatamistake.ANationatRiskisthereportthatrangtheinitialalarmbellsaboutdecliningSAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest)scores.Yetiftheyhadtakenacloserlook,theywouldhavenoticedthatthescoresineachsmallergroupwereincreasing.Thereasonforthedeclineintheaveragescorewasthatmoredisadvantagedkidsweretakingthetest.However,duetothedatamistake,teachersasawholewerejudgedtobefailing.WallStreetisfamousforitsmathematicianswhobuildcomplexmodelstopredictmarketmovementsanddevelopbusinessplans.Thesearereallysmartpeople.Evenso,itisnotatalluncommonfortheirmodelstofail.ThekeydifferencebetweenthosemodelsandmanyoftheonesbeingusedthesedaysisthatWallStreettraderslosemoneywhentheirdatamodelsgowrong.However,asCVNeilpointsoutinherbook,theeffectsofwidely—usedmachine—drivenjudgmentsareoftennotbornebythosewhodesignthealgorithms,butbyeveryoneelse.Asweincreasinglyrelyonmachinestomakedecisions,weneedtoaskthesequestions:Whatassumptionsarethereinyourmodel?Whathasn’tbeentakenintoaccount?Howarewegoingtotesttheeffectivenessoftheconclusions?Clearly,somethinghasgoneterriblywrong.Whenmachinesreplacehumanstomakeajudgment,weshouldholdthemtoahighstandard.Weshouldknowhowthedatawascollected.Andwhennumberslie,weshouldstoplisteningtothem.12.WhyschoolperformanceinAmericaisbelievedtobedeclining?A.Teachersperformpoorly.B.Bigdataispopular.C.Thedataiswrong.D.Thereismisunderstandingaboutalgorithms.13.Whatshouldwedowhenmakingdecisionsbymachines?A.Followthemachines. B.Makeajudgmentbytests.C.Stoplisteningtomachines. D.Makethedataconvincing.14.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A. B.C. D.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thedrawbacksofalgorithm.B.Theapplicationofalgorithminbusiness.C.Thepopularityofalgorithmtoemployers.D.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalgorithm.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)雖然廣泛應(yīng)用于人們生活的方方面面，但它也存在一定的弊端，我們?cè)谑褂么髷?shù)據(jù)時(shí)一定要確保數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Asamatteroffact,thebeliefthatschoolperformanceinAmericaisdecliningisbasedonadatamistake.(事實(shí)上，美國(guó)學(xué)校表現(xiàn)下降的說(shuō)法，是基于一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤)可知，錯(cuò)誤的看法是由于數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whenmachinesreplacehumanstomakeajudgment,weshouldholdthemtoahighstandard.Weshouldknowhowthedatawascollected.Andwhennumberslie,weshouldstoplisteningtothem.(當(dāng)機(jī)器代替人做判斷時(shí)，我們需要對(duì)機(jī)器定一個(gè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們應(yīng)該知道數(shù)據(jù)是如何收集的，當(dāng)數(shù)字撒謊時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該停止傾聽(tīng))”可知，我們要確保數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性。故選D。14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“arebeingmadenotbyhumans,butbymathematicalmodels.”可知，我們的許多決定不是通過(guò)人，而是通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)器。第二段、第三段、第四段都在舉例說(shuō)明機(jī)器得來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)不一定可信。最后一段提出如何確保數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性。因此文章結(jié)構(gòu)是總-分-總。第二段、第三段、第四段是并列的。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Sarah,ateacherwho,despitebeingwidelyrespectedbyherstudents,theirparentsandhercolleagues,wasfiredbecausesheperformedpoorlyaccordingtoanalgorithm.”（薩拉是一名老師，盡管她受到了學(xué)生、家長(zhǎng)和同事的廣泛尊重，但她被解雇了，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)一種算法，她的表現(xiàn)很差。）、第三段“However,duetothedatamistake,teachersasawholewerejudgedtobefailing.”（然而，由于數(shù)據(jù)錯(cuò)誤，教師作為一個(gè)整體被判定為不及格）、第四段“ThekeydifferencebetweenthosemodelsandmanyoftheonesbeingusedthesedaysisthatWallStreettraderslosemoneywhentheirdatamodelsgowrong.”（這些模式與目前使用的許多模式的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別在于，當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)模型出錯(cuò)時(shí)，華爾街交易員會(huì)蒙受損失。）都在舉例說(shuō)明機(jī)器得來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)不一定可信。因此文章主要在講大數(shù)據(jù)存在一定的弊端。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Forcenturies,generationsofclothingdesignersandgarmentmakersinChinahavebeendevotedtobuildingthe“GarmentKingdom”,makingthegarmentsanimportantcomponentofChineseculture.?OriginofChineseclothingInprimitivesociety,theChineselivedincaves.Tokeepwarm,theycoveredthemselveswithnaturalmaterialslikeleaves,grassesandanimalfurs.About18,000yearsago,theChineseinventedsewing.Animalskinswerecuttofitthehumanbodyusingsharpenedstoneandbonetoolsandthensewntogetherusingboneneedles.____16____.?____17____ChineserulesofetiquetteregardinggarmentsandornamentsstartedtakingshapeintheZhouDynasty.DuringtheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriod,theideaoffashionreachednewheights.QinShihuangestablishedmanysocialsystems,includingthatofuniformstodistinguishpeople’sranksandsocialpositions.IntheTangdynasty,clothingwasmorevariedthanbeforebecausethestatewasmoreopentotheoutsideworld.____18____Theywereallowedtoexposetheirarmsandbackandweardressesthatabsorbedelementsfromothercultures.Theycouldwearmen’sridinggarmentsiftheyliked.CasualwearappearedduringtheSongDynastyandduringtheYuanDynasty,thesimpleandunadornedstyleofclothingwasmainlyacombinationofMongolianandHaninfluences.DramaticchangestookplaceduringtheMingDynasty.Therewasnolimitationtoonestyleandnaturalbeautywasadvocated,____19____.However,duringtheQingDynasty,clothesbecameelegantandpoised(威嚴(yán)的).____20____.Thereappearedtheqipao,Chinesetunicsuit,studentuniform,Lenin—stylesuit,Russiandress,miniskirt,punk(怪異服裝)andT-shirt.Today,somepeopleinChinafollowworldfashion,butindividualityhasbecomethemaintrend.Moreandmorepeoplecanenjoybeautifulfashionswithtraditionalfeaturesandthemodernchic.A.itinfluencedpeople’slives.B.Developmentofclothing.CChinesegarmentsofthe20thcenturyrangedgreatlyinstyle.D.thusbringingvigor(活力)andlifeforcetoclothingculture.E.TheinventionofsewingallowedtheearlyChinesetomakebetterfittingclothestoprotectthemfromharshconditions.F.WhatisworthspecialmentionisthatwomenoftheTangdynastydidnothavetoabidebythetraditionaldresscode.G.FashiondesignerstodayarefindingnewwaystocombinemodernfashiontrendswithtraditionalChinesesymbolsofgoodfortune.【答案】16.E17.B18.F19.D20.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)服裝的起源與發(fā)展?！?6題詳解】上文“About18,000yearsago,theChineseinventedsewing.Animalskinswerecuttofitthehumanbodyusingsharpenedstoneandbonetoolsandthensewntogetherusingboneneedles.(大約18000年前，中國(guó)人發(fā)明了縫紉術(shù)。用磨得鋒利的石頭和骨制工具將動(dòng)物皮切割成適合人體的形狀，然后用骨針縫合在一起)”指出，在原始社會(huì)人們?nèi)绾慰p制衣服。E項(xiàng)“縫紉的發(fā)明使早期的中國(guó)人能夠制作出更合身的衣服，以保護(hù)他們免受惡劣條件的傷害?！敝赋隽税l(fā)明縫紉術(shù)的重要性，承接上文，且E項(xiàng)中的“sewing”與上文一致。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】通過(guò)下文“ChineserulesofetiquetteregardinggarmentsandornamentsstartedtakingshapeintheZhouDynasty.(中國(guó)關(guān)于服飾的禮節(jié)從周朝開(kāi)始形成)”和“DuringtheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriod(春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期)”和“QinShihuang(秦始皇)”以及“IntheTangdynasty(在唐代)”可推知，本段主要列舉了服飾在不同朝代的發(fā)展。B項(xiàng)“服裝的發(fā)展?！狈衔囊猓爬ㄈ?。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“IntheTangdynasty,clothingwasmorevariedthanbeforebecausethestatewasmoreopentotheoutsideworld.(在唐朝，由于國(guó)家對(duì)外開(kāi)放程度的提高，服裝比以前更加多樣化)”說(shuō)明，唐朝的服裝比以前更加多樣化，設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文“Theywereallowedtoexposetheirarmsandbackandweardressesthatabsorbedelementsfromothercultures.Theycouldwearmen’sridinggarmentsiftheyliked.(她們被允許暴露手臂和背部，穿著吸收其他文化元素的衣服。如果他們?cè)敢猓齻兛梢源┠惺津T馬服)”說(shuō)明，唐代對(duì)于女子的穿著并沒(méi)有做嚴(yán)格要求。F項(xiàng)“特別值得一提的是，唐代婦女不必遵守傳統(tǒng)的著裝規(guī)范。”承上啟下，符合文意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Therewasnolimitationtoonestyleandnaturalbeautywasadvocated(不局限于一種風(fēng)格，提倡自然美)”指出，明朝的服飾風(fēng)格十分自由，沒(méi)有限制。D項(xiàng)“從而給服裝文化帶來(lái)活力和生命力?！背薪由衔模憩F(xiàn)出了明朝服飾風(fēng)格的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】本文是按時(shí)間順序介紹服裝的發(fā)展，下文“Thereappearedtheqipao,Chinesetunicsuit,studentuniform,Lenin—stylesuit,Russiandress,miniskirt,punkandT-shirt.(出現(xiàn)了旗袍，中山裝，學(xué)生制服，列寧裝，俄羅斯連衣裙，迷你裙，怪異服裝和T恤)”指出，服飾文化發(fā)展到了一個(gè)有多種多樣服裝風(fēng)格的階段。C項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)的中國(guó)服裝風(fēng)格各異?！狈衔囊猓鱿挛?。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。NeighborlinessispartofChineseculture.Peoplewho____21____inthesameresidentialcompoundbecamegoodfriends.MyfriendLaoMaisoneoftheseoldfriendsandneighbors.LaoMaisatraditionalChineseguywhoputsfriendshipandloyaltyabovehisown____22____.Hehashelpedalmosteveryoneinourgroupbuthasnever____23____usforhelp.Whenhefirststartedworking,LaoMa____24____about1000Yuanpermonth.Butwhenheheardafriendofhis____25____neededmoney,without____26____heborrowedherethereandofferedhisfriend5000Yuan.LaoMagot____27____onJune19thisyear.Chinesepeoplegenerallyliketoinvitealltheirfriendsandrelativestoafeastontheoccasion.LaoMa____28____chosetoholda____29____auction(拍賣(mài))whereheputpresentsfromfriendsupforbid.WhenLaoMaannouncedhisintentionsforthewedding,wewere_____30_____astonished,butlater_____31_____theidea.Afterall,itjustunderscores(強(qiáng)調(diào))hispenchant(嗜好；傾向)forputtingothers_____32_____himself.Morethan200peoplewere_____33_____atLaoMa’swedding.Perhapsbecauseoftheauction,manymorepeoplethan_____34_____arrivedtocelebrateandbid.Maandhiswifegavetheprofitsfromtheauctiontoacharitytohelpthoseinneed.LaoMaisamodelneighborandmanyothershavebeen_____35_____byhisfriendshipandgenerosity.LaoMalikestosay“Loveme,lovemyneighbor.”21.A.work B.live C.arise D.cooperate22.A.interests B.habits C.principles D.activities23.A.turnedup B.turneddown C.turnedto D.turnedaround24.A.charged B.cost C.spent D.earned25.A.generally B.hopefully C.desperately D.overally26.A.participating B.defending C.transforming D.hesitating27.A.married B.introduced C.engaged D.visited28.A.however B.therefore C.instead D.thus29.A.honor B.charity C.reputation D.volunteer30.A.vitally B.initially C.actually D.obviously31.A.appreciated B.applied C.challenged D.demanded32.A.thanksto B.regardlessof C.outof D.aheadof33.A.present B.absent C.amazing D.effective34.A.admired B.explored C.expected D.registered35.A.requested B.discouraged C.recognised D.inspired【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.B31.A32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的朋友鄰居老馬把友誼和忠誠(chéng)放在自己的利益之上，總是助人為樂(lè)，急人所難，并把婚禮舉辦成一場(chǎng)慈善拍賣(mài)會(huì)的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：住在同一個(gè)小區(qū)的人成了好朋友。A.work工作；B.live生活；C.arise產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)；D.cooperate合作。根據(jù)前文“Neighborliness”和后文“neighbors”以及句中“inthesameresidentialcompound”可知，此處指同住一個(gè)小區(qū)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：老馬是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)人，他把友誼和忠誠(chéng)放在自己的利益之上。A.interests興趣，利益；B.habits習(xí)慣；C.principles原則；D.activities活動(dòng)。根據(jù)后文“Hehashelpedalmosteveryoneinourgroupbuthasnever____3____usforhelp.”可知，老馬是個(gè)助人為樂(lè)的人，他會(huì)把友誼和忠誠(chéng)放在自己的利益之上。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他幾乎幫助過(guò)我們?nèi)后w中的每一個(gè)人，但從來(lái)沒(méi)有向我們求助過(guò)。A.turnedup出現(xiàn)，開(kāi)大；B.turneddown拒絕，關(guān)小；C.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于；D.turnedaround轉(zhuǎn)身。根據(jù)前文“Hehashelpedalmosteveryoneinourgroup”以及連詞“but”的轉(zhuǎn)折，可知，他幫助別人不求回報(bào)，故此處指不求助于別人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：老馬剛開(kāi)始工作時(shí)，每個(gè)月大約掙1000元。A.charged收費(fèi)；B.cost（使）花費(fèi)；C.spent花（錢(qián)或時(shí)間）；D.earned掙得。根據(jù)前文“Whenhefirststartedworking”以及后文“1000Yuanpermonth”可知，他剛參加工作時(shí)每月掙1000元。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)一個(gè)朋友急需用錢(qián)時(shí)，他毫不猶豫地到處借錢(qián)，給了朋友5000元。A.generally通常地；B.hopefully有希望地；C.desperately絕望地，極度地；D.overally總體上?；谇拔姆治鲆约昂笪摹癶eborrowedherethereandofferedhisfriend5000Yuan”可知，當(dāng)他得知一個(gè)朋友極度需要錢(qián)的時(shí)候，他會(huì)為朋友到處借錢(qián)以解朋友之困。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)一個(gè)朋友急需用錢(qián)時(shí)，他毫不猶豫地到處借錢(qián)，給了朋友5000元。A.participating參與；B.defending防守；C.transforming轉(zhuǎn)變；D.hesitating猶豫。基于前文“LaoMaisatraditionalChineseguywhoputsfriendshipandloyaltyabovehisown____2____.Hehashelpedalmosteveryoneinourgroupbuthasnever____3____usforhelp.”的分析可知，老馬是個(gè)助人為樂(lè)，急人所難的人，所以他毫不猶豫為朋友到處借錢(qián)。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：老馬于今年6月19日結(jié)婚。A.married結(jié)婚；B.introduced介紹；C.engaged訂婚；D.visited參觀。根據(jù)后文“Chinesepeoplegenerallyliketoinvitealltheirfriendsandrelativestoafeastontheoccasion.”以及“WhenLaoMaannouncedhisintentionsforthewedding”可知，老馬此時(shí)結(jié)婚。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：老馬反而選擇舉辦一場(chǎng)慈善拍賣(mài)會(huì)，把朋友送的禮物拍賣(mài)。A.however然而；B.therefore因此；C.instead代替，反而；D.thus因而，從而。根據(jù)前文“Chinesepeoplegenerallyliketoinvitealltheirfriendsandrelativestoafeastontheoccasion.”以及后文“chosetoholda____9____auction(拍賣(mài))whereheputpresentsfromfriendsupforbid.”可知，老馬沒(méi)有像中國(guó)人通常所做的那樣做，反而選擇舉辦一場(chǎng)慈善拍賣(mài)會(huì)，故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：老馬反而選擇舉辦一場(chǎng)慈善拍賣(mài)會(huì)，把朋友送的禮物拍賣(mài)。A.honor榮譽(yù)；B.charity慈善；C.reputation聲譽(yù)；D.volunteer志愿者。根據(jù)后文“Maandhiswifegavetheprofitsfromtheauctiontoacharitytohelpthoseinneed.”可知，他舉辦的是慈善拍賣(mài)會(huì)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)老馬宣布他的婚禮意向時(shí)，我們最初感到驚訝，但后來(lái)對(duì)這個(gè)想法表示贊賞。A.vitally至關(guān)重要地；B.initially最初；C.actually實(shí)際上；D.obviously明顯地。根據(jù)后文“butlater____11____theidea”可知，此處對(duì)應(yīng)later，指最初。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)老馬宣布他的婚禮意向時(shí)，我們起初感到驚訝，但后來(lái)對(duì)這個(gè)想法表示贊賞。A.appreciated欣賞，贊賞；B.applied申請(qǐng)；C.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；D.demanded要求。根據(jù)前文“astonished”以及后文“Afterall,itjustunderscores(強(qiáng)調(diào))hispenchant(嗜好；傾向)forputtingothers____12____himself”可知，老馬的想法由別人的驚訝到后來(lái)得到了贊賞。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：畢竟，這正是強(qiáng)調(diào)了他把別人放在自己前面的品質(zhì)。A.thanksto幸虧；B.regardlesso