Pre-readingWhile-readingAfter-reading

TextAHomeUnit32.

QuestionsforDiscussion

3.AbouttheAuthor1.Public-serviceAdvertisement

TextA:Pre-reading4.MainIdeaoftheTextPre-reading1.

Watchthefollowingpublic-serviceadvertisementnamedFamilyandanswerthefollowingquestions.

Pre-reading1)Whatisthisadabout?Canyouretellit?2)Inthisad,“F”,“M”and“I”standfordifferentfamilymembers.Howdotheirrespectiveroleschangewithtimeinthefamily?3)Whatdoyoulearnfromthead?Pre-reading2.Questionsfordiscussion:1)WhatdoesthewordHOMEmeantoyou?Canyoutrytodefineit?Youcanbeginlikethis:

Homeisaplacewhere…e.g.Homeisaplacewhereyoucantotallyrelaxandjustbeyourself.Pre-readingSuggestedanswers:Homeisaplacewhereyoustaywithyourfamilymembersandtakecareofeachother.Homeisaplacewhereyoucanfindsafetyandwarmth.Homeisaplacewhereyoucantakeoffyourmasksandjustbeyourself.Homeisaplacewhereyoucanforgetallyourworriesandsorrowsandfindyourinnerpeace.……Pre-reading2)Whatareyourresponsibilitiesforyourfamily?Suggestedanswers:TakinggoodcareofyourselfwhenyouareawayfromhomeWorkhardanddoyourjobwellShowyourconcernandloveforyourparentsNotlettingyourparentsworryaboutyou…..Pre-reading3.Backgroundinformationabouttheauthor

TimothyShay(T.S.)Arthur(June6,1809–March6,1885)wasapopular19th-centuryAmericanauthor.HeismostfamousforhistemperancenovelTenNightsinaBar-RoomandWhatISawThere(1854),whichhelpeddemonizealcoholintheeyesoftheAmericanpublic.

Pre-reading

HewasalsotheauthorofdozensofstoriesforGodey'sLady'sBook,themostpopularAmericanmonthlymagazinebeforetheCivilWar,andhepublishedandeditedhisownArthur'sHomeMagazineformanyyears.Virtuallyforgottennow,Arthurdidmuchtoexpressandspreadthevalues,beliefs,andhabitsthatdefinedrespectable,decentmiddle-classlifeinAmericabeforetheCivilWar.Pre-reading

4.MainIdeaFamilyisasmallbutgreatunitofsociety.Generallyspeaking,amanwhocanfulfillhisdomesticdutiescanperformhisdutytothewholesociety.Theconverseofthisisequallytrue,whichmeansthatthosewhodon’tcareabouttheirhomesareprobablytheworstcitizens.Therefore,thecontemptforone’sfamilyorparentsisregardedasabadsignbecauseitreflectsthewrongvalues.Insteadofcomplaining,weshouldtryourbesttomakecontributionstomakeourhomesmoreattractive.While-reading：Text

While-reading：Text1Societyismarkedbygreaterandsmallerdivisions,asintonations,communities,andfamilies.Amanisamemberofthecommonwealth,asmallercommunity,asahamletorcity,andhisfamilyatthesametime;andthemoreperfectlyallhisdutiestohisfamilyaredischarged,themorefullydoeshedischargehisdutiestothecommunityandthenation;foragoodmemberofafamilycannotbeabadmemberofthecommonwealth,forhethatisfaithfulinwhatisleast,willalsobefaithfulinwhatisgreater.

While-reading：TextIndeed,themoreperfectlyamanfulfilsallhisdomesticduties,themoreperfectly,inthatveryact,hashedischargedhisdutytothewhole;forthewholeismadeupofparts,anditshealthdependsentirelyuponthehealthofthevariousparts.Thereare,ofcourse,generalaswellasspecificduties;butthemoreconscientiousamanisinthedischargeofspecificduties,themorereadywillhebetoperformthosethataregeneral.Webelievethattheconverseofthiswillbefoundequallytrue,andthatthosewhohaveleastregardforhome--whohave,indeed,nohome,nodomesticcircle--areprobablytheworstcitizens.

While-reading：Text2Wealwaysfeelpainwhenwehearayoungmanspeaklightlyofhome,andtalkcarelessly,or,itmaybe,withsportive

ridicule,ofthe"oldman"andthe"oldwoman,"asiftheywereofbutlittleconsequence.Wemarkitasabadindication,andfeelthatthefeetofthatyoungmanaretreadingupondangerousground.Hishomeeducationmaynothavebeenofthebestkind,normayhomeinfluenceshavereachedhishigherandbetterfeelings;butheisatleastoldenoughnowtounderstandthecauses,andtoseekrathertobringintohishomeallthatitneedstorenderitmoreattractive,thantoestrangehimselffromitandexposeitsdefects.

While-reading：Text3Instancesofthiskindarenotofveryfrequentoccurrence.Homehasitscharmsfornearlyall,andtheverynamecomeswithablessingtothespirit.This,however,ismorethecasewiththosewhohavebeenseparatedfromit,thanitiswiththosewhoyetremainintheoldhomesteadwithparents,brothers,andsisters,astheirfriendsandcompanions.

While-reading：Text4Theearnestloveofhome,feltbynearlyallwhohavebeencompelledtoleavethatpleasantplace,isafeelingthatshouldbetenderlycherished:andthisloveshouldbekeptalivebyassociationsthathaveinthemasperfectaresemblanceofhomeasitispossibletoobtain.Itisforthisreasonthatitisbadforayoungmantoboardinalargehotel,wherethereisnothinginwhichthereisevenanimageofthehome-circle.Eachhashisseparatechamber;butthatisnothome.Allmeettogetheratthecommontable;butthereisnohomefeelingthere,withitsmanysweetreciprocations.Themealcompleted,allseparate,eachtohisindividualpursuitorpleasure.Thereisaparlour,itistrue;buttherearenofamilygatheringsthere.While-reading：TextOneandanothersitthere,as

inclination

prompts;buteachsitsalone,busywithhisownthoughts.Allthisisapoorsubstituteforhome.Andyetitoffersitsattractionstosome.Ayoungmaninahotelhasmorefreedomthaninafamilyorprivateboarding-house.Hecomesinandgoesoutunobserved;thereisnoonetosaytohim,"why?"or"wherefore?"Butthisisadangerousfreedom,andonewhichnoyoungmanshoulddesire.Butmerenegativeevils,sotospeak,arenottheworstthatbesetayoungmanwhounwiselychoosesapublichotelasaplaceforboarding.Heismuchmoreexposedtotemptationstherethaninaprivateboarding-house,orathome.

While-reading：Text5Homeisman'strueplace.Everymanshouldhaveahome.Herehisfirstdutieslie,andherehefindsthestrengthbywhichheisablesuccessfullytocombatinlife'stemptations.Happyisthatyoungmanwhoisstillblessedwithahome--whohashismother'scounselandthepureloveofsisterstostrengthenandcheerhimamidlife'sopeningcombats.

家

1社會是由大大小小的部門組成，大到國家，小到社區(qū)，家庭。一個人可以是聯(lián)邦國家的一員，社區(qū)一員，同時也可以是城市，農(nóng)村或者家庭一員；一個人對家庭盡的責任越充分，他對社區(qū)甚至國家盡的責任也就越充分；家庭的好成員不可能是國家的壞成員，因為在小方面忠實的人，在大方面也會忠實。

While-reading：Translation的確，一個人越是能夠很好的履行家庭義務，他對整個國家的義務也就履行的越好；因為整體是由部分組成，而整體的健康完全取決于各部分的健康。當然，有整體的責任也有具體的責任；一個人越是能夠認真地完成具體的責任，他完成整體責任的積極性就越高；我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種說法反之亦成立。那些不顧家——沒有家或者沒有家庭圈子的人——可能是最差勁的公民。While-reading：Translation

2當我們聽到年輕人不屑一顧地談論家，隨意的談論家，或者開玩笑的說著“老頭”和“老太太”，好像他們都很微不足道時，我們常常感到痛心。我們認為這是不好的預兆，覺得這樣的年輕人準是走入了危險的境地。他的家庭教育或許不是最好的那種，他的家庭也沒有給他帶來好的影響；但是至少現(xiàn)在他長大了，應該明白其中的原因，他應該想方設法去使他的家更具有吸引力而不是疏遠家人或者揭露其缺陷。While-reading：Translation

3

上面的這種例子并不常見。家對于每個人來說都有其自身魅力，家這個名字本身就是賜福的。這一點，那些離家在外的人比那些與父母、兄弟、姐妹、朋友和同伴一起呆在家的人體會更深。While-reading：Translation

4愛家的那種情感應該受到珍惜，幾乎所有人離開家都是不情愿的：這種愛不能滅，應當完好地保存。正是因為這樣，年輕人住大的賓館不好，賓館沒有家的感覺。每個賓館都有獨立房間，但是那不是真正的家；所有人都在共同的餐桌上見面，但是沒有家的感覺，家里面有親切的相互問好；吃完飯，各自走開，每個人都是自娛自樂；有客廳不假，但是沒有家庭團聚；

While-reading：Translation

坐一起的是因為共同愛好；也有分開坐的，忙于各自的想法。所有這些都是家的替代品。但對于有的人來說，它具有吸引力。年輕人在賓館比在家或者私人寓所更加自由。來去自如，沒有人問他“為什么”或者“去哪里”。但是這種自由很危險，年輕人不應該向往。但是可以說是邪惡困擾了年輕人，讓他不明智的選擇住賓館。住在賓館比住在私人寓所和家里面，誘惑要多得多。

While-reading：Translation

5家是一個人的真正歸宿。每個人都應該有個家。家是一個人首要的責任所在，家能讓一個人找到力量并成功抵御生活誘惑。幸福就是有家人的庇護——在與生活戰(zhàn)斗的過程中，有母親的忠告和姐妹的愛鼓舞著。While-reading：Translationcommonwealth/?k?m?nwelθ/n.1.(a)independentStateorcommunity獨立的國家或團體,集體

(b)groupofStatesthathavechosentobepoliticallylinked（政治上相結合的國家組成的）集團2.theCommonwealth[sing]theassociationconsistingoftheUKandvariousindependentStates(previouslysubjecttoBritain)anddependencies英聯(lián)邦

e.g.1968Swazilandbecameanindependentkingdomwithinthecommonwealth.While-reading：Words&Phrases

1968年瑞典在聯(lián)邦共和國內(nèi)成為獨立國。discharge/dis?t?ɑ:d?/

v.1.perform(aduty)執(zhí)行（任務）；盡（職）e.g.SheundertooktodischargealltheresponsibilitiesofaMinister.

2.giveorsendout(liquid,gas,electriccurrent,etc)放出（液體﹑氣體﹑電流等）；釋放；排放e.g.Thewaterpipedoesn‘tdischargefreely.

3.giveofficialpermissionfor(sb)toleave,egafterhehascarriedoutaduty準許離開；放行；遣散；釋放e.g.Theaccusedmanwasfoundnotguiltyanddischarged.While-reading：Words&Phrases被告男子被判無罪而獲釋。水管排水不暢。她承擔了做部長的所有責任。discharge

/?d?st?ɑ?d?/n.1.

dischargingorbeingdischarged卸貨；排放；開火；發(fā)射；準許離開；償還；行使e.g.Afterhisdischargefromthearmy,hewenttoCanada.

2.thatwhichisdischarged排放出的物體Thewoundhasn’thealedthere’sstillsomedischarge傷口沒好，還有些分泌物。他退役后到加拿大去了。fulfil/ful?fil/v.1.perform(sth)orbring(sth)tocompletion履行（某事）；使（某事）實現(xiàn)e.g.IpledgedmyselftofulfilthepromiseIhadmade.2.satisfy(sth);answer滿足（某事）；符合

e.g.Doesyourjobfulfilyourexpectations?

fulfilleda.

滿意的；滿足的；十分愉快的e.g.Hedoesn’tfeelreallyfulfilledinhispresentjob.

fulfillmentn.

滿意；滿足

While-reading：Words&Phrases

我保證實踐自己的諾言。

你的工作符合你的預想嗎?

他對目前的工作并非真正滿意。domestic/d??mestik/a.1.ofthehome,householdorfamily家庭的；家務的[定語]

e.g.water,gas,etcsupplies家庭用水、用氣等的供應2.oforinsideaparticularcountry,notforeignorinternational本國的；國內(nèi)的

e.g.Over100domesticflightsadayto15UKdestinations.3.(ofanimals)keptonfarmsoraspets;notwild（指動物）馴養(yǎng)的，作寵物飼養(yǎng)的，非野生的While-reading：Words&Phrases

每天超過100架次國內(nèi)航班飛往英國境內(nèi)15個目的地。conscientious/?k?n?i?en??s/a.1.(ofpeopleorconduct)carefultodowhatoneoughttodo,anddoitaswellasonecan（指人或行為）認真的,盡責的aconscientiousworker,pupil,attitude

勤勤懇懇的工作人員、學生、態(tài)度2.(ofactions)donewithgreatcareandattention（指行動）小心謹慎的e.g.

Thisessayisamostconscientiouspieceofwork.

conscientiouslyad.

conscientiousnessn.

While-reading：Words&Phrases這篇論文是精雕細刻的作品。conversen./?k?nv?:s/theopposite相反的事物e.g.Hesayssheissatisfied,butIbelievetheconversetobetrue:sheisverydissatisfied.

v./k?n?v?:s/~(withsb)(aboutsth);~(together)(fml文)talk交談e.g.ShesatconversingwiththePresident.While-reading：Words&Phrases他說她已心滿意足了，不過我認為實際情況相反：她很不滿意。

她坐著與總統(tǒng)交談。

sportive/?sp??t?v/a.

playful愛玩耍的；頑皮的；鬧著玩兒的；開玩笑的e.g.Hedidhisbest,therefore,toachieveamoodhalfsportiveandhalfthoughtful.While-reading：Words&Phrasessportivelyad.sportivenessn.于是他盡其所能培養(yǎng)一種半開玩笑半認真的心情。ridicule/?ridikju:l/1.n.

[U](processof)makingsb./sth.appearfoolishorabsurd;scorn嘲弄；戲弄；嘲笑e.g.He'sbecomeanobjectofridicule,i.e.Peoplesayheisfoolish/absurd.

2.v.makefunof(sb/sth);mock嘲弄（某人/物）；嘲笑Theoppositionridiculedthegovernment'sproposals,sayingtheyofferednothingnew.While-reading：Words&Phrases反對派揶揄政府的建議，說成是老調(diào)重彈。他成了大家嘲笑的對象。tread/tred/v.

(pttrod/tr?d/,pptrodden/?tr?dn/ortrod)~(on,etcsth/sb)(a)setone’sfootdown;walkorstep踩；行走；踏

Itisasensitiveissuesowemusttread(iespeak,proceed)carefully.2.~sth(in/down/out)pressorcrushsth.withthefeet踩緊或踩碎某物Don’ttreadyourashintomycarpet!treadonair歡天喜地treadonsb’stoes冒犯或得罪某人treadonsb’sheels緊跟某人While-reading：Words&Phrases

別把你的煙灰踩到我的地毯里!

這是個敏感的問題，絕不可掉以輕心。

render/?rend?(r)/v.

1.cause(sb/sth)tobeinacertaincondition使某人/物處于某種狀況Youractionhasrenderedourcontractinvalid.2.~sth(forsth);~sth(tosb)givesthinreturnorexchange,orassthwhichisdue給予某物作為報償或用以交換；回報；歸還rendergoodforevil

以德報怨

renderinsultforinsult

以侮辱對侮辱While-reading：Words&Phrases

你們的這種做法導致雙方的合同失效。3.presentorsendin(anaccount)forpayment遞交或開出（帳單）

4.[尤用于被動語態(tài)]giveaperformanceof(music,aplay,acharacter,etc);giveaportrayalof(sb./sth.)inpainting,etc演奏（音樂）；演出（戲劇）；扮演（角色）；以繪畫等表現(xiàn)…e.g.Thepianosolowaswellrendered.5.~sth(intosth)expresssthinanotherlanguage;translatesth翻譯某事物e.g.Renderingpoetryintootherlanguagesisdifficult.

那支鋼琴獨奏曲彈得真好。翻譯詩歌是很困難的。estrange/i?streind?/v.

[尤用于被動語態(tài)]~sb(fromsb)cause(sbformerlylovingorfriendly)tobecomeunfriendlytosb使（某人）疏遠某人；離間1)He’sestrangedfromhiswife,ienolongerlivingwithher.2)Hemadeuphismindtoestrangehimselffrompoliticsestrangementn.

While-reading：Words&Phrases

他和妻子分居了。

他決心遠離政治。

defectn./?di?fekt/faultorlackthatspoilsapersonorthing不足之處；缺點；毛病；瑕疵

e.g.Adefectintheaircraftcausedthecrash.v./d??fekt/~(fromsth)(tosth)leaveaparty,cause,country,etc,andgotoanother背叛；叛變；叛黨；脫黨；叛國；投敵；變節(jié)e.g.ShedefectedfromtheLiberalsandjoinedtheSocialists.

While-reading：Words&Phrases她脫離自由黨,加入了社會黨。

飛機的一個缺陷導致了這起墜毀事故。occurrence/??k?r?ns/n.1.event;incident;happening事件；事情；發(fā)生的事Robberyisnowaneverydayoccurrence.2.fact,frequency,etcofsth.happening事情發(fā)生的事實或頻繁He'sstudyingtheoccurrenceofaccidentsonthispieceofroad.※beoffrequent/rareoccurrence…經(jīng)常/很少發(fā)生While-reading：Words&Phrases他在研究這段路上發(fā)生事故的情形。

搶劫的事現(xiàn)在每天都有。event/occurrence/incident*occurrence為中性詞,并不特指某類型的事:Divorcehasbecomeaneverydayoccurrence.離婚已成為每天都有的事了。*event常指重大事件:Theeventsof1968changedWesternsociety.1968年的事件改變了西方社會。*incident通常指不太重要的事情,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)於敘述中:Youdon‘thavetowritedowneverylittleincidentinyourlife.你不必把生活中每一件事都記錄下來。

這個詞還可指沖突或不和,常涉及暴力行動:Thekidnappingcausedaninternationalincident.這一綁架事件引起了國際糾紛。

While-reading：Words&Phrasescompel/k?m?pel/v.make(sb)dosth;force使（某人）做某事；強迫Wecannotcompelyouto(doit),butwethinkyoushould.2.(a)[不用于被動語態(tài)]get(sth)byforceorpressure;makenecessary強奪、強求（某物）；強迫；使必須Youcancompelobedience,butnotaffection.(b)[不用于進行時態(tài)]inspire(sth)irresistibly（不可抗拒地）激起，激發(fā)（某事物）>compellinga.

使人非注意不可的；引人入勝的；必須接受或同意的While-reading：Words&Phrases我們不能強迫你（去做），但認為你應該做。

你可以逼人服從，卻無法逼人生愛。

cherish/?t?eri?/v.1.protectortend(sb/sth)lovingly;carefor愛護或珍愛（某人/物），關心

2.befondof(sb/sth);love喜愛（某人/物），愛

Aswriters,theycherisheconomical,andwittyphrases.3.keep(afeelingoranidea)inone’smindorheartandthinkofitwithpleasure懷有（某種感情或想法），懷念Hecherishestheillusionthatshe'sinlovewithhim.While-reading：Words&Phrases他們在寫作上喜歡用簡潔機智的詞句。他懷有一種幻想，認為她已經(jīng)愛上他了。association/??s?us??e??n/n.

1.(a)~(withsb/sth)actionofassociatingorbeingassociated聯(lián)合，聯(lián)系，聯(lián)盟，合伙HisEnglishimprovedenormouslybecauseofhisassociationwithBritishpeople.(b)beinginsb’scompany;friendship與某人為伍；友誼；友情；交往Shebecamefamousthroughherassociationwithseveralpoets.

While-reading：Words&Phrases她通過與幾位詩人的交往而出名了。

因為他和英國人有來往，所以他的英語突飛猛進。2.mentalconnectionbetweenideas聯(lián)想Whatassociationsdoestheseahaveforyou?3.groupofpeoplejoinedtogetherforacommonpurpose;organization社團；協(xié)會；學會Doyoubelongtoanyprofessionalassociations?associationfootball(alsofootball,soccer)（英式）足球While-reading：Words&Phrases

你從大海能聯(lián)想到什麼?

你是哪個專業(yè)學會的?

resemblance/ri?zembl?ns/n.

~(tosb/sth);~(betweenAandB)thefactofbeingorlookingsimilartosb/sth相似，形似Shebearsastrikingresemblancetoherfather.beara(close/striking)resemblancetosb/sth與…很像bearlittle/noresemblancetosb/sth與…不像

resemble

/ri?zemb?l/

vt.

像，類似于While-reading：Words&Phrases她和她父親很像。reciprocation/ri?sipr??kei??n/n.theactofmakingordoingsomethinginreturn;mutualinteraction;theactivityofreciprocatingorexchanging(especiallyinformation)報答，回報；互換e.g.Butthereisnohomefeelingthere,withitsmanysweetreciprocations.2.alternatingback-and-forthmovement往復運動While-reading：Words&Phrases但是沒有家的感覺，家里面有親切的相互問好。pursuit/p??sju?t/v.

1.[U]~ofsthactionofpursuingsth.追求；尋求；從事；進行e.g.Shedevotedherlifetothepursuitofpleasure.2.[通常作復數(shù)]thingtowhichonegivesone’stime,energy,etc;occupationoractivity花時間、精力做的事；職業(yè)inpursuit(ofsb/sth)追捕某人/物

in(hot)pursuit窮追不舍While-reading：Words&Phrases

她一生都在尋求享樂。inclination/?inkli?nei??n/n.

~(todosth)feelingthatmakessb.wanttobehaveinaparticularway;disposition傾向；意向；意愿e.g.Sheisnotfreetofollowherowninclinationinthematterofmarriage.2.[C]~tosth;~tobe/dostheventthatregularlyhappens;tendency經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事；趨向；趨勢e.g.Thecarhasaninclinationtostalloncoldmornings.3.degreeofsloping;slopingsurface;slope傾斜度；坡度；傾斜；坡面；斜坡While-reading：Words&Phrases她的婚姻不能自主。

這輛汽車天冷時早晨常常熄火。prompt/pr?mpt/v.

causeorincite(sb)todosth促使或激勵（某人）做某事Whatpromptedhimtobesogenerous?inspireorcause(afeelingoranaction)激起（感情）；喚起（行動）:Herquestionwaspromptedbyworriesaboutherfuture.help(aspeakeroranactor)bysuggestingthewordsthatcouldorshouldfollow給（發(fā)言者/演員）作提示，提詞:Thespeakerhadtobepromptedoccasionallybythechairman.While-reading：Words&Phrases

她提出那個問題是因為她對前途十分憂慮。

是什麼原因使得他如此大方呢?那發(fā)言者有時得由主席提示。prompt/pr?mpt/a.

1.donewithoutdelay;punctual及時的；迅速的；準時的Promptpaymentoftheinvoicewouldbeappreciated.2.~(indoingsth/todosth)(ofaperson)actingwithoutdelay（指人）敏捷的，動作迅速的

Shewasverypromptinansweringmyletter.

promptad.

準時地:at6o‘clockprompt

在6點整promptlyad.

立即While-reading：Words&Phrases

她給我寫回信非常及時。即付發(fā)票款項則不勝感謝。substitute/?s?bstitju:t/n.

~(forsb/sth)personorthingthatreplaces,actsfororservesassborsthelse代替、替換或代理的人/物；代替者；代用品Themanagerwasunabletoattendbutsenthisdeputyasasubstitute.

v.

~sb/sth(forsb/sth)putorusesb/sthasasubstitute(forsb/sthelse)用某人/物代替（另外的人/物）代替；替換；代理Theunderstudywassubstitutedwhentheleadingactorfellill.While-reading：Words&Phrases

主角演員患病，由替角代替演出。經(jīng)理不能出席，派了個副手代表他。evil/?i?vl/ad.

1.morallybad;wicked道德敗壞的；邪惡的:evilthoughts邪念

2.veryunpleasantorharmful令人不快的；壞的；有害的:evilweather惡劣的天氣3.(idom)theevilday,hour,etctimewhensth.unpleasantthatonewouldliketoavoid(butcannot)willhappen該著倒霉的日子、時刻等IknowIneedtogotothedentistbutI'vebeenputtingofftheevildayaslongaspossible.While-reading：Words&Phrases

我明知得去看牙，卻盡可能把這倒霉日子往后拖。sotospeak

usedtoexplainthatwhatyouaresayingisnottobeunderstoodexactlyasstated可以說e.g.I'lltaketheopportunitytorideaboutthestreetstorubshoulderswiththelocalpeople,sotospeak.While-reading：Words&Phrases我要借這個機會去街上轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)，也可以說是去和當?shù)厝私煌幌?。beset/b??set/v.

(pt,pp:beset,beset)[尤用于被動語態(tài)]surround(sb./sth.)onallsides;troubleconstantly;threaten圍繞（某人/物）；鑲嵌；困擾；威脅besetbydoubts為疑問所困擾Thevoyagewasbesetwithdangers.

>besettingad.[attrib作定語]經(jīng)常影響著或困擾著某人的While-reading：Words&Phrases

這次航程充滿了危險。temptation/temp?te??n/n.

1.[U]temptingortempted勸誘；誘惑yield/givewaytotemptation經(jīng)不住誘惑puttemptationinsb'sway引誘某人2.[C]thingthattemptsorattracts有誘惑力或吸引力之物1)Thebagofsweetsonthetablewastoostrongatemptationforthechildtoresist.2)Cleveradvertisementsarejusttemptationstospendmoney.While-reading：Words&Phrases

桌上那包糖果對那孩子是個難以抗拒的誘惑。

巧妙的廣告誘使人花錢。combat/?k?mb?t/n.

fightorfightingbetweentwopeople,armies,etc.（兩人、兩軍等的）格斗，搏斗，戰(zhàn)斗

Thetroopswereexhaustedaftermonthsoffiercecombat.

v.(a)fightorstruggleagainstsb/sth與（某人/物）戰(zhàn)斗，斗爭，搏斗(b)trytoreduce,weakenordestroysth試圖減少、減弱或消滅（某事物）

combatantn.

參戰(zhàn)者，戰(zhàn)士combativea.

斗志旺盛的，好斗的，好爭論的

combativelyad.好戰(zhàn)地，殺氣騰騰地While-reading：Words&Phrases部隊經(jīng)過幾個月的激戰(zhàn)已筋疲力盡。counsel/?kaunsl/n.

1.[U]advice;suggestions勸告；建議

Listentothecounsel