專題18閱讀七選五目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰學(xué)考要求 1基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理 1考點(diǎn)精講講練 2考點(diǎn)一：挖空位置及作用 2考點(diǎn)二：題型及解題技法 4考點(diǎn)三：答題步驟與技巧 5實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力訓(xùn)練 141.掌握段首題主旨與承上啟下作用2.明晰段中各邏輯關(guān)系及標(biāo)志詞3.理解段尾題總結(jié)與過(guò)渡功能4.學(xué)會(huì)依據(jù)位置判斷句子作用（一）考查核心能力整體理解與結(jié)構(gòu)把握能力：考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)布局的理解能力，要求能明晰文章是總分、總分總還是分總等常見結(jié)構(gòu)，知曉不同位置內(nèi)容的功能與關(guān)聯(lián)，把握整篇文章的行文邏輯。微觀信息關(guān)聯(lián)能力：重點(diǎn)測(cè)試對(duì)上下文邏輯意義的掌握，能識(shí)別句子之間、段落之間諸如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、遞進(jìn)等細(xì)微的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷信息間的關(guān)聯(lián)性，使補(bǔ)全后的文章前后連貫、表意順暢。（二）關(guān)鍵關(guān)注要點(diǎn)文章結(jié)構(gòu)把握：熟悉不同體裁文章（記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等）常見的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，依據(jù)挖空位置（段首、段中、段尾）去分析其在文中所起的作用，像段首可能是主旨句或承上啟下句等，以此為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)篩選合適選項(xiàng)。邏輯線索識(shí)別：善于發(fā)現(xiàn)文中出現(xiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞，如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“but”“however”，表示因果的“so”“therefore”等，同時(shí)留意代詞、同義詞、近義詞等體現(xiàn)的指代與呼應(yīng)情況，通過(guò)這些線索確定選項(xiàng)與原文的契合度。（三）語(yǔ)言表達(dá)適配性風(fēng)格契合：確保所選填入的句子與文章整體語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格相符，無(wú)論是正式、通俗還是活潑風(fēng)格，都要保持一致，避免出現(xiàn)突兀感，保障篇章語(yǔ)言的連貫性與統(tǒng)一性。語(yǔ)法與詞匯匹配：填入的句子在語(yǔ)法上要能與前后文自然銜接，不存在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，并且詞匯使用要契合文章語(yǔ)境，表意準(zhǔn)確清晰，符合語(yǔ)言表達(dá)規(guī)范。（一）挖空位置及作用1.段首題：主旨句：常作為段落小標(biāo)題或主題句，概括該段落核心內(nèi)容。承上啟下句：能夠?qū)⑸隙闻c下段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)，起到銜接過(guò)渡作用。示例AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.ESetanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?‘’Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself._5Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.D．Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender’sangle.E．Forsomepeople，forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.F．Tomakeyourangerdieaway，tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.G．Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize，youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.[分析]設(shè)空在段中，先看前句E項(xiàng)中的信息forgivingthemselves與前句意義一致，并且選項(xiàng)E與后面的句子之間用but連接，有轉(zhuǎn)折的語(yǔ)氣，因此構(gòu)成了一種意義上的對(duì)比關(guān)系，尤其是but這個(gè)詞，更加突出了對(duì)比的意義，因此選項(xiàng)E符合這里的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)。[答案]E2.段中題：例證關(guān)系：前后句存在例證邏輯，可通過(guò)“forexample”等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)，思維過(guò)程涵蓋歸納與推理。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：若空格前后邏輯逆轉(zhuǎn)，會(huì)出現(xiàn)“but”等轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞，空格處大概率表示轉(zhuǎn)折。因果關(guān)系：借助“so”“therefore”等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)因果邏輯，前后句存在原因與結(jié)果的關(guān)聯(lián)。遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：當(dāng)空格前后是層進(jìn)邏輯時(shí)，常用“besides”“moreover”等詞，空格處為遞進(jìn)句子。并列關(guān)系：通過(guò)“and”“first(ly)”等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)并列邏輯，句子之間是并列情況。示例Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself._5Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.D．Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender’sangle.E．Forsomepeople，forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.F．Tomakeyourangerdieaway，tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.G．Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize，youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.[分析]設(shè)空在段中，先看前句E項(xiàng)中的信息forgivingthemselves與前句意義一致，并且選項(xiàng)E與后面的句子之間用but連接，有轉(zhuǎn)折的語(yǔ)氣，因此構(gòu)成了一種意義上的對(duì)比關(guān)系，尤其是but這個(gè)詞，更加突出了對(duì)比的意義，因此選項(xiàng)E符合這里的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)。[答案]E3.段尾題：總結(jié)句：用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含總結(jié)性詞語(yǔ)。承上啟下句：起到連接上段與下段內(nèi)容的作用，使文章過(guò)渡自然。示例Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.40Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.[分析]本題設(shè)空在段尾，首先看前文。根據(jù)上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位。)可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝。C項(xiàng)意思，沒(méi)有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的，對(duì)上文的總結(jié)概括，符合文意。[答案]C（二）題型及解題技法1.主旨概括題：考查內(nèi)容：考查對(duì)文章或段落概括提煉中心思想、體會(huì)寫作意圖、提取主題及情感態(tài)度的能力，?？级温錁?biāo)題或文章主題句。解題方法：采用瀏覽方式，搜索主題線索詞，理清主旨大意，再瀏覽選項(xiàng)，匹配符合主旨的答案。2.語(yǔ)段過(guò)渡題：考查內(nèi)容：考查對(duì)篇章理解及上下文邏輯關(guān)系分析能力，句子起承上啟下作用，設(shè)空位置靈活。解題方法：根據(jù)設(shè)空位置采用不同判斷法。段首需前瞻后望找提示；段中重點(diǎn)看前后句邏輯及連貫性，必要時(shí)參考中心句；段尾可考慮與下一段開頭的銜接。3.細(xì)節(jié)線索題：考查內(nèi)容：注重考查文章細(xì)節(jié)，需借助多種線索解題。解題方法：4.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法：利用文章中原詞、同（近）義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)特點(diǎn)，關(guān)注選項(xiàng)與正文重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞匯來(lái)解題。詞匯同現(xiàn)法：依據(jù)屬于同一詞匯范疇或領(lǐng)域的詞匯同時(shí)出現(xiàn)達(dá)到語(yǔ)意銜接的原理，根據(jù)上下文詞匯范疇判斷答案。5.代詞線索法：巧妙利用代詞指代前面提及名詞的關(guān)系，依據(jù)代詞單復(fù)數(shù)等情況準(zhǔn)確快速解題。邏輯關(guān)系線索法：把握文章脈絡(luò)，通過(guò)文中或選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系詞推理判斷，若無(wú)關(guān)系詞則需全面理解文意，弄清內(nèi)在邏輯來(lái)選擇正確答案。（三）答題步驟與技巧1.通讀全文：快速瀏覽文章，把握文章的體裁、大致內(nèi)容以及整體結(jié)構(gòu)框架，明確文章的主旨大意，為后續(xù)分析空缺處做準(zhǔn)備。2.分析空缺處：仔細(xì)觀察每個(gè)空缺所在的段落位置，判斷其在段落中的作用，比如是引出主題、承接上文內(nèi)容、進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明還是總結(jié)歸納等，同時(shí)留意空缺處前后的邏輯關(guān)系線索和關(guān)鍵詞。3.分析選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：認(rèn)真研讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，理解其表達(dá)的核心意思、關(guān)鍵信息以及體現(xiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系，看是否有與文中空缺處相匹配的內(nèi)容、邏輯或指代呼應(yīng)情況。4.代入驗(yàn)證：將初步篩選出的選項(xiàng)代入空缺處，通讀全文，檢查填入后文章的邏輯是否連貫、語(yǔ)義是否通順，若出現(xiàn)表意矛盾或邏輯不通暢的情況，則需重新斟酌選項(xiàng)。例題精練，舉一反三ATurningyourhobbyintoacareerdoesn’talwayshavetobeaconsciousdecision.Sometimes,youjustturnaroundonedayandrealizethatthat’swhatyou’redoing.1Beforeenteringuniversity,Iwasmostlywritingpoetry.Withthislittlebitofexperience,Igotavolunteerroleataliteraturejournal,whichwaswhenIfirstfellinlovewithediting.2Itwasinthemid-2010s,andquiteafewnew-mediaplatformswerestartedbypeopleofmyage.Manyofthesefocusonissueslikeraceandfeminism.Later,thoughIdidn’thavemuchacademicorprofessionalskills,Ihadmyownlivedexperience—soIstartedrecommendingopinionpiecesaboutmyexperienceasawomanofcolor.3Afterthat,editorscantrustyou,understandwhatyoucando,andwillgiveyoumoreoffers.Inmyfinalyearofuniversity,Idecidedtostartupmyownmagazine,whichexploredstudents’mentalhealthinCambridge.Thisgavemeinvaluableexperienceaseditor-in-chiefofamagazine.BythetimeIgraduated,Ihadtwokeyareasofrealjournalisticexpertise—raceandmentalhealth.4—Iwasafreelancejournalistwhowaspaidfortheirwork,writingnationallyonissuesIcaredabout.Sharingmyprogress,Ienjoyedeverystepofthewaythoughitlookedlikealongjourney.IfIhadafewpiecesofadviceforthispointinyourlife—5A．Onlyinthiswaycanwritingbeaplaceofdiscovery,wonderandinspirationforeveryone.B．Ifoundthatpublishingyourfirstpieceisthebiggesthurdle.C．ThatwaswhyIdecidedtotakeupwriting.D．WhenIgottouniversity,Ibecamecuriousaboutjournalismandopinionwriting.E．ItwasatthispointinthegamethatIrealizedI’ddoneit.F．Iwouldsayseizeeveryopportunityanddowhatyouarepassionateabout.G．Thiswaswhatthejourneytowardsbecomingaprofessionaljournalistwaslikeforme.【答案】1．G2．D3．B4．E5．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，作者分享了自己將愛好變成職業(yè)的過(guò)程。1．根據(jù)上文“Sometimes,youjustturnaroundonedayandrealizethatthat’swhatyou’redoing.(有時(shí)候，你只是有一天轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，意識(shí)到你在做什么)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，上文提到有時(shí)候把愛好變成職業(yè)是一個(gè)無(wú)意識(shí)的決定，下文按時(shí)間順序具體講述了自己的經(jīng)歷，故G項(xiàng)“這就是我成為一名職業(yè)記者的過(guò)程”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。2．根據(jù)上一段中“Beforeenteringuniversity(在上大學(xué)之前)”以及空后“Itwasinthemid-2010s,andquiteafewnew-mediaplatformswerestartedbypeopleofmyage.(那是在2010年代中期，很多新媒體平臺(tái)都是由我這個(gè)年齡的人創(chuàng)建的)”可知，本段應(yīng)是講述上大學(xué)后的事情，且和媒體有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)“上大學(xué)后，我對(duì)新聞和觀點(diǎn)寫作產(chǎn)生了好奇”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。3．根據(jù)上文“soIstartedrecommendingopinionpiecesaboutmyexperienceasawomanofcolor.(所以我開始推薦一些關(guān)于我作為有色人種女性經(jīng)歷的觀點(diǎn)文章)”和下文“Afterthat,editorscantrustyou,understandwhatyoucando,andwillgiveyoumoreoffers.(在那之后，編輯們會(huì)信任你，理解你能做什么，并會(huì)給你更多的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，上文提到作者開始推薦一些文章，下文提到后來(lái)作者受到編輯的信任和理解，故空處是描述一開始的情況，B項(xiàng)“我發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表第一篇文章是最大的障礙”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。4．根據(jù)上文“BythetimeIgraduated,Ihadtwokeyareasofrealjournalisticexpertise—raceandmentalhealth.(到我畢業(yè)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)掌握了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的新聞專業(yè)領(lǐng)域——種族和心理健康)”和下文“Iwasafreelancejournalistwhowaspaidfortheirwork,writingnationallyonissuesIcaredabout.(我是一名自由撰稿人，工作有報(bào)酬，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)報(bào)道我關(guān)心的問(wèn)題)”可知，作者畢業(yè)時(shí)已經(jīng)掌握了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的新聞專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，成為了一名自由撰稿人，故此時(shí)作者做到了把愛好變成了職業(yè)，E項(xiàng)“在游戲的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我意識(shí)到我做到了”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。5．根據(jù)上文“IfIhadafewpiecesofadviceforthispointinyourlife(如果我對(duì)你人生的這個(gè)階段有一些建議)”可知，空處是作者的建議，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“我會(huì)說(shuō)抓住每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，做你熱愛的事情”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。BNoonelikestofail.Failureispainfulanditcanalsobecostlyintermsoftime,money,orboth.6Ifyouneversufferafailure,thenyou’reprobablynotpushingyourselftoyourfullpotential.Thefollowingaresometipsonhowtopickyourselfupafteryou’vefailed.Rememberthatotherpeoplefailtoo.7They’lltellyouaboutthatgreatnewcontract(合同)theysigned，notthedealthatfailedeventually.Butfailureisnormal,andlotsofpeoplefailmanytimesbeforesucceeding.Remindyourselfofyourpastsuccesses.Failingdoesn’tmeanyou’llneverachievewhatyouwant.8Maybeyouhadhighmarkslastterm,oryoulostweight,oryoulearnedtoplayamusicalinstrument.Youmightwanttowritedownalistofsuccesses.Ifyoueverlackconfidence,youcangobackandreadoverthatlist.9Yourpastsuccessesareimportant,butsoareyourpastfailures.You’vemademistakesbefore,andyou’vesurvivedthem.Byacknowledgingyourfailures,youcanremindyourselfthattodayisnodifferent.Justasyourecoveredinthepast,youcanrecoverfromyourrecentfailuretoo.10Whatevergoeswrong,you’reprobablyfacingsomesortofdecision.Don’trushintomakingahastydecision,butdolookforaforwardpath.Thatmightrequiresomedeepthinking.A．Makeadecisionwisely.B．Limitthedamagecaused.C．Remindyourselfofyourpastfailures.D．However,failureisanormalpartoflife.E．Getsomeadviceandsupportfromothers.F．Mostpeopledon’ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures.G．Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou’vesucceeded.【答案】6．D7．F8．G9．C10．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些在失敗后如何振作起來(lái)的建議。6．上文“Noonelikestofail.Failureispainfulanditcanalsobecostlyintermsoftime,money,orboth.(沒(méi)有人喜歡失敗。失敗是痛苦的，也可能在時(shí)間、金錢或兩者方面付出代價(jià))”以及下文“Ifyouneversufferafailure,thenyou’reprobablynotpushingyourselftoyourfullpotential.(如果你從未經(jīng)歷過(guò)失敗，那么你可能沒(méi)有充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力)”說(shuō)明失敗是痛苦的并需要付出代價(jià)，但是如果從未經(jīng)歷過(guò)失敗，也不能發(fā)揮自己的潛力?？仗幒颓拔男纬赊D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文的內(nèi)容。D項(xiàng)“然而，失敗是生活中正常的一部分?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選D。7．下文“They’lltellyouaboutthatgreatnewcontract(合同)theysigned，notthedealthatfailedeventually.(他們會(huì)告訴你他們簽署的那份偉大的新合同，而不是最終失敗的交易)”說(shuō)明大多數(shù)人只會(huì)分享成功的故事，不會(huì)公開談?wù)撟约旱氖??？仗幰鱿挛闹械膬?nèi)容，下文中的they指代F項(xiàng)中的Mostpeople，該項(xiàng)中的“don’ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures”和下文中的“notthedealthatfailedeventually”相呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明大多數(shù)人不會(huì)公開談?wù)撍麄兊氖?。故選F。8．上文“Remindyourselfofyourpastsuccesses.Failingdoesn’tmeanyou’llneverachievewhatyouwant.(提醒自己過(guò)去的成功。失敗并不意味著你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)你想要的東西)”說(shuō)明本段建議讀者要關(guān)注自己過(guò)去的成功?？仗庬樈忧拔模瑫r(shí)引出下文中“過(guò)去成功”的例子。G項(xiàng)“回想一下過(guò)去你成功的所有時(shí)刻?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，該項(xiàng)中的“whenyou’vesucceeded”和上文中“Remindyourselfofyourpastsuccesses”相呼應(yīng)。故選G。9．下文“Yourpastsuccessesareimportant,butsoareyourpastfailures.You’vemademistakesbefore,andyou’vesurvivedthem.(你過(guò)去的成功很重要，但你過(guò)去的失敗也很重要。你以前犯過(guò)錯(cuò)誤，但你從中幸存了下來(lái))”以及“Justasyourecoveredinthepast,youcanrecoverfromyourrecentfailuretoo.(正如你過(guò)去的恢復(fù)一樣，你也可以從最近的失敗中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái))”說(shuō)明本段主要引導(dǎo)讀者回顧過(guò)去的失敗，以提醒自己失敗是可以克服的。C項(xiàng)“提醒自己過(guò)去的失敗?！边m合作本段的主旨句。故選C。10．下文“Whatevergoeswrong,you’reprobablyfacingsomesortofdecision.Don’trushintomakingahastydecision,butdolookforaforwardpath.Thatmightrequiresomedeepthinking.(無(wú)論出了什么問(wèn)題，你都可能面臨某種決定。不要急于做出倉(cāng)促的決定，但要尋找前進(jìn)的道路。這可能需要一些深入思考)”說(shuō)明本段建議讀者面對(duì)一些決定時(shí)要慢，不要倉(cāng)促做決定。A項(xiàng)“明智地做出決定?！边m合作本段的主旨句。故選A。CHighschoolcanbeanexcitingyetchallengingexperienceformanystudents.1112Highschoolcanbechallengingwithalotofworkandactivities.Effectivetimemanagementhelpsyouorganizetasks,planschedules,andachievegoalswell.Andmanyfactsprovethatpracticinggoodtimemanagementinhighschoolcanbuildastrongfoundation(基礎(chǔ))forsuccessincollegeorinfuturejobs.Makegooduseoftheresourcesinyourschool.Highschoolsoffermanykindsofresources(資源)thatcanhelpyoutolearnandachievepersonalgrowth.13Bytakingadvantageoftheseresources,youcandevelopstudy,socialandpersonalskills.So,explorealltheresourcestodevelopyourselfintoanintelligentandall-roundperson.Beopentomakingnewfriends.Hangingoutwithfriendsisgreat.However,it’sbettertostepoutofyourfamiliarenvironmentandintroduceyourselftonewpeople.Makingnewfriendscanopenupmorepossibilities,sharpenyoursocialskills,andbuildasupportsystemforyou.14Takecareofyourmentalhealth.Highschoollifeisstressfulformanyreasons,andit’simportanttopayattentiontoyourmentalhealth.15Also,youcantalktoatrustedadultifyoufacepressure,anxiety,orotherhealthproblems.A．Developgoodtimemanagementskills.B．Theyincludelibraries,labs,gymsandmore.C．Moreover,friendscanbringjoyandhappinesstoyourlife.D．Takingagoodrestandgettingexercisecanhelpreducestress.E．It’satimeofchange,growth,explorationandself-discovery.F．Exchangeprogramsofferyouanopportunitytoexperiencenewcultures.G．Readonandtakealookatthefollowingsuggestionstohelpyoumakeitthroughthisperiodofyourlife.【答案】11．G12．A13．B14．C15．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了給高一新生的建議，包括認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)良好的時(shí)間管理技能等。11．根據(jù)上文“Highschoolcanbeanexcitingyetchallengingexperienceformanystudents.(對(duì)許多學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，高中是一段令人興奮但又充滿挑戰(zhàn)的經(jīng)歷)”可知，上文提到高中既是令人興奮的又是有挑戰(zhàn)的一次經(jīng)歷，推測(cè)接下來(lái)是給學(xué)生提供相關(guān)的建議。G選項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)讀下去，看看下面的建議，它們會(huì)幫助你度過(guò)人生的這段時(shí)期”最符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。12．根據(jù)下文“Highschoolcanbechallengingwithalotofworkandactivities.Effectivetimemanagementhelpsyouorganizetasks,planschedules,andachievegoalswell.Andmanyfactsprovethatpracticinggoodtimemanagementinhighschoolcanbuildastrongfoundation(基礎(chǔ))forsuccessincollegeorinfuturejobs.(高中是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的，有很多工作和活動(dòng)。有效的時(shí)間管理可以幫助你很好地組織任務(wù)、計(jì)劃日程和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。許多事實(shí)證明，在高中練習(xí)良好的時(shí)間管理可以為大學(xué)或未來(lái)工作的成功打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ))”可知，本段講述高中生應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)時(shí)間管理能力。A項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)良好的時(shí)間管理技能”適合作本段的主旨句，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段。故選A。13．根據(jù)上文“Highschoolsoffermanykindsofresources(資源)thatcanhelpyoutolearnandachievepersonalgrowth.(高中提供了多種資源，可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng))”說(shuō)明高中的各種資源有助于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)?？仗庬樈忧拔?，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明學(xué)校的資源有哪些。B項(xiàng)中的They指代前文中的“manykindsofresources”，說(shuō)明學(xué)校資源包括圖書館、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、健身房等。B選項(xiàng)“它們包括圖書館、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、健身房等等”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。14．根據(jù)上文“Makingnewfriendscanopenupmorepossibilities,sharpenyoursocialskills,andbuildasupportsystemforyou.(結(jié)交新朋友可以打開更多的可能性，提高你的社交能力，并為你建立一個(gè)支持系統(tǒng))”說(shuō)明結(jié)交新朋友對(duì)高中生的好處?？仗幒颓拔臑檫f進(jìn)關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明交朋友的好處。C項(xiàng)中的“friends”是前文中該詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，所以C項(xiàng)“此外，朋友可以給你的生活帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)和幸福”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。15．根據(jù)上文“Takecareofyourmentalhealth.(照顧好你的心理健康)”以及下文“Also,youcantalktoatrustedadultifyoufacepressure,anxiety,orotherhealthproblems.(此外，如果你面臨壓力、焦慮或其他健康問(wèn)題，你可以與值得信賴的成年人交談)”說(shuō)明本段講述如何照顧好學(xué)生的心理問(wèn)題?？仗幒拖挛牟⒘姓f(shuō)明如何減輕學(xué)生的壓力。D項(xiàng)中的“helpreducestress”和下文中的“ifyoufacepressure,anxiety,orotherhealthproblems”相呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明好好休息和鍛煉有助于減輕壓力。故D選項(xiàng)“好好休息和鍛煉可以幫助減輕壓力”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。DHowtoAppearOutgoinginaConversation?Somepeopleseemnaturallyoutgoingwhenchattingwithothers,whileothersfindithardtomakeit.Herearesometipstohelpyouappearoutgoinginaconversation.Makeeyecontact.Ifyou’reinasocialsituation,suchasataparty,trytomakeeyecontactwiththeotherpeoplethere.Onceyou’veestablishedeyecontact,givetheotherpersonafriendlysmile16Ifthepersondoesnotrespondordoesnotexpecttobeapproached,letthemgotheirway.Partofbeingoutgoingisknowingwhenandwheretoapproachothersandwhentokeeptoyourself.Asksomeopen-endedquestions.17It’seasiertostartupachatwithsomeonenewifyouinvitethemtoshareaboutthemselves.Ifyou’vealreadyexchangedeyecontactandsmileswithsomeone,andyou’recloseby,startoffwithaquestion.Herearesomeideas:Howdoyoulikethatbookormagazine?Whatisyourfavoritethingtodoaroundhere?18Youmightseesomeofthesamepeopleeveryday,butneveracknowledge(致意)them.Tobecomeoutgoing,itisimportanttostartacknowledgingthepeoplearoundyoumoreoften.Thenexttimeyouorderacoffeeorcheckoutatthegrocerystore,smileatthepersonhelpingyouandsay“thankyou”.Thissmallactwillhelpyoubecomemorecomfortableinteractingwithothers.19Talktoeveryone.Afteryoubecomeabitmorecomfortabletalkingtopeopleyouknow,trytalkingtonewpeopleasyougothroughyourday.20Butthemoreyouapproachpeopleandgetcomfortablewithmakingconversation,theeasieritwillbecome.A．Thesequestionsinviteotherstorespondwithmorethana“yes”or“no”.B．Ifthepersonsmilesbackatyou,thengoovertothem.C．Rememberthattheyservehundredsofpeopleaday.D．Saythankyouinpublicasmuchaspossible.E．Itwillprobablymaketheotherperson’sdayalittlebrighter.F．Keepinmindthatthisapproachdoesn’talwaysworkwellinsomesituations.G．Atfirst,youmightfeeluncomfortabletalkingwithstrangers.【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．E20．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幫助你在談話中顯得外向的四種方法。16．上文“Onceyou’veestablishedeyecontact,givetheotherpersonafriendlysmile.(一旦你們建立了眼神交流，給對(duì)方一個(gè)友好的微笑。)”提到了給對(duì)方一個(gè)友好的微笑，B項(xiàng)中的smilesback是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文的afriendlysmile呼應(yīng)，同時(shí)與下文“Ifthepersondoesnotrespondordoesnotexpecttobeapproached,letthemgotheirway.(如果這個(gè)人沒(méi)有回應(yīng)或者不希望被接近，就讓他們走自己的路吧。)”構(gòu)成對(duì)比關(guān)系，所以B選項(xiàng)“Ifthepersonsmilesbackatyou,thengoovertothem.(如果那個(gè)人回你一個(gè)微笑，那就走過(guò)去。)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。17．上文“Asksomeopen-endedquestions.(問(wèn)一些開放式的問(wèn)題。)”提到了問(wèn)問(wèn)題，A項(xiàng)中questions是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文呼應(yīng)，進(jìn)一步闡述開放式問(wèn)題，所以A選項(xiàng)“Thesequestionsinviteotherstorespondwithmorethana“yes”or“no”.(這些問(wèn)題要求別人的回答不僅僅是‘是’或‘不是’)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選A。18．下文“Youmightseesomeofthesamepeopleeveryday,butneveracknowledge(致意)them.(你可能每天都見到同樣的一些人，但從不向他們致意。)”和“Thenexttimeyouorderacoffeeorcheckoutatthegrocerystore,smileatthepersonhelpingyouandsay‘thankyou’.(下次你點(diǎn)咖啡或在雜貨店結(jié)賬時(shí)，微笑著對(duì)幫助你的人說(shuō)‘謝謝’。)”提到了向周邊的人致意和表達(dá)感謝，D項(xiàng)中thankyou是關(guān)鍵詞，與下文的acknowledge和thankyou呼應(yīng)，所以D選項(xiàng)“Saythankyouinpublicasmuchaspossible.(盡可能在公共場(chǎng)合說(shuō)謝謝。)”能概括下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。19．上文“Thissmallactwillhelpyoubecomemorecomfortableinteractingwithothers.(這個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)將幫助你在與他人交往時(shí)變得更加自如。)”提到了向身邊的人表達(dá)感謝的益處，E項(xiàng)中It是關(guān)鍵詞，指代上文的Thissmallact，所以E選項(xiàng)“Itwillprobablymaketheotherperson’sdayalittlebrighter.（這可能會(huì)讓對(duì)方的一天變得更美好。)”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。20．上文“Afteryoubecomeabitmorecomfortabletalkingtopeopleyouknow,trytalkingtonewpeopleasyougothroughyourday.(當(dāng)你和你認(rèn)識(shí)的人交談變得更加自如之后，在你的一天中試著和新的人交談。)”提到了嘗試去和新人交談，空處和下文“Butthemoreyouapproachpeopleandgetcomfortablewithmakingconversation,theeasieritwillbecome.(但是，你接觸的人越多，越能自如地交談，就會(huì)變得越容易。)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故空處是說(shuō)一開始和陌生人交談不太自如的情況，G項(xiàng)中strangers是關(guān)鍵詞，與上文newpeople呼應(yīng)，所以G選項(xiàng)“Atfirst,youmightfeeluncomfortabletalkingwithstrangers.(一開始，你可能會(huì)覺得和陌生人說(shuō)話不舒服。)”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。EWritingpoetrycanseemfrightening,especiallyifyoudonotfeelyouarenaturallycreative.Butwiththerightinspirationandapproach,youcanalsowriteapoemthatyoucanbeproudtosharewithothersinclassorwithyourfriends.◆Pickaspecificthemeoridea.Thefirststepinanypoetrycreationiscomingupwithsomethingtowriteabout.Youcanstartyourpoembyfocusingonaspecificthemeorideathatyoufindfascinating.21◆Chooseapoeticform.Getyourcreativejuicesflowingbypickingaformforyourpoem.Therearemanydifferentpoeticformsthatyoucanuse,fromfreeversetosonnettorhymingcouplet(押韻的對(duì)句).22Chooseonepoeticformandsticktothatstructuresoyourpoemfeelscohesivetoyourreader.◆Useconcreteimagery.23Youshouldalwaystrytodescribesomethingusingthefivesenses:smell,taste,touch,sight,andsound.Usingconcreteimagerywillimmerse(使沉浸在)yourreaderintheworldofyourpoemandmakeimagescomealiveforthem.◆24Literarydeviceslikemetaphorandsimileaddvarietyanddepthtoyourpoetry.Usingthesedevicescanmakeyourpoemstandouttoyourreaders.Trytouseliterarydevicesthroughoutyourpoem,varyingthemsoyoudonotuseonlymetaphorsoronlysimilesinyourwriting.◆Readthepoemoutloud.Onceyouhavecompletedadraftofthepoem,youshouldreaditaloudtoyourself.25Payattentiontohoweachlineofyourpoemflowsintothenext.Keepapenclosebysoyoucanmarkanylinesorwordsthatsoundawkwardorjumbled.A．Useliterarydevices.B．Noticehowthewordssoundtotheear.C．Thiscangiveyourcreationacleargoal.D．Youmaygoforapoeticformthatyoufindeasytouse.E．Ifyouwanttowritepoetry,startbyreadingpoetry.F．Avoidabstractimageryandgoforconcretedescriptionsinyourpoem.G．Youcanalsoshareyourpoemwithotherpoetstogetfeedbackfromthem.【答案】21．C22．D23．F24．A25．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了寫詩(shī)的幾個(gè)方法。21．上文“Youcanstartyourpoembyfocusingonaspecificthemeorideathatyoufindfascinating.(你可以以一個(gè)你覺得很吸引人的主題或想法開始你的詩(shī)歌)”提到以選定一個(gè)主題或者想法開始，C選項(xiàng)“這可以給你的詩(shī)一個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)”說(shuō)明了上文做法的好處，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。22．上文“Therearemanydifferentpoeticformsthatyoucanuse,fromfreeversetosonnettorhymingcouplet(押韻的對(duì)句).(你可以使用許多不同的詩(shī)歌形式，從自由詩(shī)到十四行詩(shī)再到押韻的對(duì)句)”提到幾種詩(shī)歌形式，根據(jù)后文“Chooseonepoeticformandsticktothatstructuresoyourpoemfeelscohesivetoyourreader.(選擇一種詩(shī)的形式，并堅(jiān)持這種結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣你的詩(shī)就能讓讀者覺得有凝聚力)”可知，空處是在對(duì)詩(shī)歌形式的選擇進(jìn)行建議，D選項(xiàng)“你可以選擇一種你覺得容易使用的詩(shī)歌形式”承上啟下，D項(xiàng)中“apoeticform”對(duì)應(yīng)后文中“onepoeticform”。故選D。23．根據(jù)本段主題句“Useconcreteimagery.(使用具體的形象)”以及空后“Youshouldalwaystrytodescribesomethingusingthefivesenses:smell,taste,touch,sight,andsound.(你應(yīng)該試著用五種感官來(lái)描述事物：嗅覺、味覺、觸覺、視覺和聽覺)”可知，本段是建議使用具體的形象，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“避免抽象的意象，在你的詩(shī)中使用具體的描述”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。24．根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Literarydeviceslikemetaphorandsimileaddvarietyanddepthtoyourpoetry.Usingthesedevicescanmakeyourpoemstandouttoyourreaders.Trytouseliterarydevicesthroughoutyourpoem,varyingthemsoyoudonotuseonlymetaphorsoronlysimilesinyourwriting.(像隱喻和明喻這樣的文學(xué)手法為你的詩(shī)歌增添了多樣性和深度。使用這些工具可以讓你的詩(shī)在讀者面前脫穎而出。試著在你的詩(shī)歌中使用各種文學(xué)手法，這樣你就不會(huì)在寫作中只使用隱喻或明喻)”可知，本段建議使用文學(xué)手法，A項(xiàng)“使用文學(xué)手法”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。25．上文“Onceyouhavecompletedadraftofthepoem,youshouldreaditaloudtoyourself.(一旦你完成了這首詩(shī)的草稿，你應(yīng)該大聲朗讀給自己聽)”提到大聲朗讀給自己聽，結(jié)合后文“Payattentiontohoweachlineofyourpoemflowsintothenext.Keepapenclosebysoyoucanmarkanylinesorwordsthatsoundawkwardorjumbled.(注意你的每一行詩(shī)是如何銜接到下一行的。在手邊放一支筆，這樣你就可以標(biāo)記任何聽起來(lái)別扭或混亂的一行或單詞)”可知，B選項(xiàng)“注意這些單詞聽起來(lái)是怎樣的”符合語(yǔ)境，和下文并列，都是描述如何聽，故選B。A（2024高一下·甘肅蘭州·學(xué)業(yè)考試）HealthIsBetterThanWealthItiswidelyknownthathealthisofgreatsignificance.Leadingahealthylifeiscrucialasbeingillmakesithardtobehappy.Toenjoyahappyandhealthylife,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps.Firstly,weneedtohavebreakfasteverydayandtakeinproperamountsofvitaminsandmineralswhilereducingfatandcholesterolintake.1.Secondly,gettingenoughsleepisessential(本質(zhì)的)asitisrelatedtogoodhealth.Withoutsufficientsleep,ourmemory,learningandlogicalthinkingwillbenegativelyinfluenced.2.Thirdly,regularexerciseisofutmostimportance.Ithelpswithweightcontrolandmaintaininghealthybones,musclesandjoints,andalsoreducestheriskofcertaindiseases.3.Moreover,bodilyhygienematters.Weshouldkeepgooddentalhygienebybrushingourteethmorningandnight,andvisitingthedentistyearlyforteethcleaning.4.Lastbutnotleast,takingupahobbyisbeneficialashobbiesarepleasantandrelaxingactivitiesthatassist(幫助)peopleinlivinghappier,healthierandrecoveringbetterfromillness.5.Inconclusion,byfollowingthesesteps,wecanleadahealthylifeandstayawayfromdiseases.A．Anditcanalsoenhanceourimmunesystem.B．Italsohelpstoregulateouremotions.C．What’smore,itcanimproveourphysicalfitness.D．Then,weshouldensureaproperdiet.E．Also,itisveryimportanttohaveabalanceddiet.F．Thisisveryimportantforouroverallwell-being.G．Andpropersleepcanmakeusmoreenergetic.【答案】1．E2．G3．C4．F5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇文章主要討論了健康比財(cái)富更重要的觀點(diǎn)，并提出了一些保持健康生活的建議。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了健康對(duì)于幸福生活的重要性，并建議人們應(yīng)該合理飲食、保證充足的睡眠、經(jīng)常鍛煉、注意個(gè)人衛(wèi)生以及培養(yǎng)興趣愛好，以此來(lái)維護(hù)身體健康，遠(yuǎn)離疾病。1．根據(jù)前文“Firstly,weneedtohavebreakfasteverydayandtakeinproperamountsofvitaminsandmineralswhilereducingfatandcholesterolintake.(首先，我們需要每天吃早餐，攝入適量的維生素和礦物質(zhì)，同時(shí)減少脂肪和膽固醇的攝入。)”可知，享受幸福和健康的生活，首先要注重的是健康飲食，即我們需要每天吃早餐，攝入適量的維生素和礦物質(zhì)，同時(shí)減少脂肪和膽固醇的攝入。E選項(xiàng)“Also,itisveryimportanttohaveabalanceddiet.(此外，有一個(gè)均衡的飲食是非常重要的。)”承接前文，指出均衡飲食的重要性，話題保持一致，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。2．根據(jù)前文“Withoutsufficientsleep,ourmemory,learningandlogicalthinkingwillbenegativelyinfluenced.(沒(méi)有充足的睡眠，我們的記憶力、學(xué)習(xí)能力和邏輯思維都會(huì)受到負(fù)面影響。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)充足睡眠的重要性。G選項(xiàng)“Andpropersleepcanmakeusmoreenergetic.(適當(dāng)?shù)乃呖梢允刮覀兏谢盍Α?”承接前文，指出適當(dāng)?shù)乃吣軌蚴刮覀冇谢盍?。故選G。3．根據(jù)前文“Thirdly,regularexerciseisofutmostimportance.Ithelpswithweightcontrolandmaintaininghealthybones,musclesandjoints,andalsoreducestheriskofcertaindiseases.(第三，經(jīng)常鍛煉是非常重要的。它有助于控制體重，保持骨骼、肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)的健康，還能降低患某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是經(jīng)常鍛煉的重要性以及好處。C選項(xiàng)“What’smore,itcanimproveourphysicalfitness.(更重要的是，它可以提高我們的身體素質(zhì)。)”承接前文，進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充指出經(jīng)常鍛煉能夠提高我們的身體素質(zhì)。故選C。4．根據(jù)前文“Moreover,bodilyhygienematters.Weshouldkeepgooddentalhygienebybrushingourteethmorningandnight,andvisitingthedentistyearlyforteethcleaning.(此外，身體衛(wèi)生也很重要。我們應(yīng)該保持良好的牙齒衛(wèi)生，早晚刷牙，每年去看牙醫(yī)清潔牙齒。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是保持身體衛(wèi)生的重要性。F選項(xiàng)“Thisisveryimportantforouroverallwell-being.(這對(duì)我們的整體健康非常重要。)”承接上文，闡述身體衛(wèi)生的重要性，選項(xiàng)中的代詞this指代前文的“保持身體衛(wèi)生”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。5．根據(jù)前文“Lastbutnotleast,takingupahobbyisbeneficialashobbiesarepleasantandrelaxingactivitiesthatassist(幫助)peopleinlivinghappier,healthierandrecoveringbetterfromillness.(最后但同樣重要的一點(diǎn)，培養(yǎng)一個(gè)愛好是有益的，因?yàn)閻酆檬怯淇旌头潘傻幕顒?dòng)，幫助人們生活得更快樂(lè)，更健康，更好地從疾病中恢復(fù)。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是培養(yǎng)愛好的重要性，能夠幫助人們生活得更快樂(lè)更健康。B選項(xiàng)“Italsohelpstoregulateouremotions.(它還有助于調(diào)節(jié)我們的情緒。)”中的it指代前文的“takingupahobby”，同時(shí)pleasantandrelaxingactivities與后文的regulateouremotions相呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。B（2023高二上·山西·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Friendshipmakeslifemoreenjoyableandcolorful.Herearesometipsforyoutomakefriends.Makeyourselfavailable.Putyourselfouttheresomehowinordertomeetpeople.Ifyou’restillinschool,sitsomewherewithtwootherpeople.Ifyouseeopportunitiestomeetnewpeople,takethem.67Beopentotryingnewactivitiestomeetpeoplearoundyouwhohavecommoninterests.Forexample,ifyoulovebooksandwanttomeetlike-mindedfriends,joinabookclub.Peoplewhohaveapassion(激情)forbookswillendupmeetingpeoplewiththesameinterest.Talktoothersactively.8Youcanstarttalkingtopeoplebysimplygreetingthemwitha“Goodmorning,howareyou?”asyoupassthemby.9Youcantalktoanybody:thepersonsittingnexttoyouinpublic,orthepersoninfrontofyouinthelunchline.Usesocialmediawisely.10SocialmediahasgivenustheamazingabilitytoconnectwithpeopleontheInternetandturnthemintofriends.UsingsocialmedialikeFacebookmaybeaperfectwaytomeetpeoplewhosharethesameinterestasyou.A．Don’tbetoopicky.B．Meetnewpeoplenearby.C．Weliveinadigitalworld.D．Followpeopleandhavefun.E．Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutoaparty,goforit.F．Weshouldn’tmakefriendsontheInternet.G．Ifyoudon’tactuallytalktopeople,youstillwon’tmakefriends.【答案】6．E7．B8．G9．A10．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。講述了關(guān)于交友的四條建議。6．根據(jù)本段的主題句“Makeyourselfavailable.(要讓別人接觸到你)”及上文“Ifyou’restillinschool,sitsomewherewithtwootherpeople.Ifyouseeopportunitiestomeetnewpeople,takethem.(如果你還在上學(xué)，和另外兩個(gè)人坐在一起。如果你看到結(jié)識(shí)新朋友的機(jī)會(huì)，就抓住它們。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“讓別人接觸到你”有關(guān)的話題，E項(xiàng)“Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutoaparty,goforit.(如果有人邀請(qǐng)你去參加舞會(huì)，那就去吧)”，這是“Makeyourselfavailable.”的一個(gè)途徑。故選E項(xiàng)。7．根據(jù)下文“Beopentotr