虹口區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)本卷共12頁(yè)第11頁(yè)虹口區(qū)2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期終學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷測(cè)試高三英語(yǔ)試卷2023.12考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。=1\*ROMANI.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atabookstore. B.Atalibrary.C.Atapostoffice. D.Atapolicestation.2.A.At6:45p.m.B.At7:00p.m. C.At7:15p.m. D.At9:00p.m.3.A.Pickupsomebottledwater. B.Workovertimeattheoffice. C.Dosomepaperworkathome. D.Setasidesometimeforrelaxation.4.A.Theharmdonebysingle-useplastics. B.Thetopicforthewoman’scomposition.C.Environmentalissues. D.Somerecenthotnews.5.A.Heiscuriousabouthisfutureneighbour. B.Heisdissatisfiedwiththeenvironment.C.Heisworriedaboutthetrafficservice. D.Hecan’twaittomoveintothishouse.6.A.Sheagreeswiththeman’splan. B.Sheisconcernedabouttheweather.C.Sheconsidersitunwisetogooutside. D.Shehasabetterplanthanhavingapicnic.7.A.Lookingatanoldpicture. B.Preparingforafamilytrip.C.Searchingforsomeoldstuff. D.Talkingabouttheirgrandfather.8.A.Thewomanwasuninterestedintheparty. B.Thewomanwilltakeherfamilytotheparty.C.Thewomanislookingforwardtotheparty. D.Thewomanwasabsentfromtheparty.9.A.Thosewhoaretalentedarenevershortofinspiration.B.Noteveryonecanlearnhowtobeagoodwriter.C.Creativityissomethingyouarebornwith.D.Ittakespracticetobecomeagoodwriter.10.A.Hehasalreadyachievedhisgoal. B.Hegoestothegymonaregularbasis.C.Heusuallygoeshomedirectlyafterwork. D.Hehasgivenupexercisingfortwoweeks.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Influencing. B.Celebritystudies.C.Crisismanagement. D.Psychology.12.A.Itoffersalotofrelatedcourses. B.Itscoursesaretaughtbyseniorlecturers.C.ItpartnerswithHarvardUniversity. D.It’sthefirstdegreeprograminthefield.13.A.Whetherithasenoughbudgets. B.Whetheritwillattractyoungsters.C.Whetheritcanstandthetestoftime. D.Whetheritcanofferusefulcourses.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itemphasizesballtackling. B.Itforbidsroughbodycontact.C.ItwascreatedduringtheWWI. D.Itismainlyplayedinthearmytoday.15.A.Itisprettyeasytolearn. B.Itismorerecreationalthanothersports.C.Itfollowslimitedrules. D.Itallowsthemtoshowtheirtalentsinsports.16.A.Introduceawould-beOlympicsport. B.Compareflagfootballwithregularfootball.C.Explaintherulesofflagfootball. D.IllustratethejobofNationalFootballLeague.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Inordernottomisstheflight.B.Forfearthattheflightshallbedelayed.C.Tospareenoughtimeforsecuritychecks.D.Totakebettercareofherbabywhentraveling.18.A.Shewaitedthreehoursforthehotelroomtobeready.B.Shedidn’thaveenoughmoneytogetataxiinBerlin.C.Herluggagewasdeliveredtoawrongdestination.D.ShewasstuckintheBerlinairportforanight.19.A.Theyreactedquicklytopassengers’requests.B.Theywererudetothepassenger.C.Theyshowedenoughsympathy.D.Theywereirresponsible. 20.A.Shewaslookingforwardtohernextholiday.B.Shefeltterriblethatherholidaywasruined.C.Shedidn’twantanothercupofcoffee.D.Shethoughttheholidaywastooshort.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.YourCatMightNotBeIgnoringYouWhenYouSpeakEverycatownerhasastorytotellofbeingblankedbytheircat.Wecalltoourcat,itturnsaway,andsomeofusmightbeleft(21)_________(wonder)whywedidn’tgetadog.Butyourcatmaybelisteningafterall.Morethanthat,it(22)_________(care)morethanyoumaythink.AstudybyFrenchresearchers(23)_________(publish)lastmonthinthejournalAnimalCognitionfoundthatnotonlydocatsreacttowhatscientistscallcat-directedspeech—ahigh-pitched(高音的)voicesimilarto(24)_________wetalktobabies—theyreacttowhoisdoingthetalking.“Wefoundthathearingtheirownersusingahigh-pitchedvoice,catsreactedmorethanwhenhearingtheirownerspeakingnormallytoanotherhumanadult,”saidCharlottedeMouzon,anauthorofthestudy.“Butitactuallydidn’tworkwhenitcamefromastranger’svoice.”(25)_________studiesinvolvingdogs,analyzingcatbehaviorisdifficult,whichispartofwhyhumansunderstandthemless.Catsarestressedbybeinginalab(26)__________________meaningfulbehavioralobservationsbecomeimpossible.Andforgetabouttryingtogetacat(27)_________(sit)stillforanM.R.I.scan(核磁共振掃描)tostudyitsbrainfunction.Sotheresearchersforthelateststudywenttothecats’homesandplayedrecordingsofdifferenttypesofspeechanddifferentspeakers.Atfirst,therewasconcernfromDr.deMouzonandherteamforlackofreactionfromthecats,butuponanalysisofthefilmrecordings,delicatereactions(28)_________(notice).“Itcouldbejustmovinganearorturningtheheadtothespeakerorevenfreezingwhat(29)_________weredoing,”Dr.deMouzonsaid.Inthestudy,therewereafewcases(30)_________catswouldapproachthespeakerplayingavoiceandmeow.“Intheend,wehadreallycleargainsinthecat’sattentionwhentheownerwasusingcat-directedspeech,”Dr.deMouzonsaid.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.arrivesB.A.arrivesB.observableC.boundless D.containedE.distancing F.expansionG.lies H.parallel I.perceiving J.threads K.volumeWhatComesAfterSpace?Lookingataclearnightsky,youwitnessthevastnessofspace,whichholdseverythinghumansknowtoexist.Tofindoutwhat31beyond,agoodplacetostartistodeterminewheretheuniverseends.However,theproblemisthatscientistsareuncertainaboutwherespaceendsorwhetheritendsatall.The32universeThefurthesthumanscanseeoutintospace,usingallthetechnologycurrentlyavailabletous,is46billionlight-years(alight-yearisthedistancethatlightcantravelinoneyear,andisequivalenttoabout9.5millionmillionkilometres).The33ofspacethathumanscanseeiscalledthevisibleuniverse.Beyondthis,itremainsamysterywhetherit’sanexpanseofmoregalaxiesandstarsorpossiblytheedgeoftheuniverse.Somethinkthattheuniverseis34,meaningspacegoesonforeverineverydirection.Inthiscase,thereisnothingafterspace,becausespaceiseverything.MovingfurtherawayExpertshavecapturedimagesoftheentireEarthfromspace,andsomeastronautshavepersonallywitnesseditsbeautyfromorbit.Perhaps35thelimitsoftheuniversewouldalsobepossibletoo,ifonlyhumansknewwheretogotolookforit.Anotherchallengeistheuniverse’srapid36.Asgalaxiesmovefurtheraway,theirlighttakeslongertoreachus.Eventually,somegalaxiesmaybesodistantthattheirlightnever37.Thismightimplythatanyedge—andwhateverisontheotherside—isincreasingly38itselffromus.Regardlessoftheseuncertainties,scientistsstillspendalotoftimethinkingaboutwhatcomesafterspace.Manyuniverses?It’spossiblethatthereisn’tjustoneuniverse,andthatouruniverseisjustonesmallpartofa“multiverse”.Perhapsouruniverseis39withinitsowndistinctregionofspace,separatedfromothersbyvastexpansesofnothingness.Ormaybe40universesexist,pressedtightlyagainsteachother.Gettinganideaoftheuniverse’strueshapemayhelpastronomersfindoutwhetherithasanedge.Whatcomesafterthatcouldbeanevengreatmystery.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Backin1930,theeconomistJohnMaynardKeynespredictedthatwithtechnologicalchangeandimprovementsinproductivity,we’donlybeworking15hoursaweekbynow.Butwhileworkinghourshave41by26%,mostofusstillaverage42.5hoursaweek.OneofthethingsKeynesunderestimatedisthehumandesireto42withourpeers—adrivethatmakesmostofusworkmorethanweneedto.“Wedon’tmeasureproductivitybyhowmuchwe’veharvestedanymore,”saysAlexSoojung-KimPang,visitingscholaratStanfordUniversity.“OverworkinghasbeenpartofWesternsocietysincetheIndustrialRevolution.Whensomepredictedthatautomationwouldcreateanextraamountof43time,needlesstosay,thatdidn’thappen.”Thankstocomputerizationandglobalizationinthe1980s,managerscoulddemandmoreofemployeesunderthe44thatjobscouldbegiventosomeoneelse.Sothe45piledon.Andwetookit,exhausted,buttakinguptheburdenallthesame.ThepsychologistBarbaraKillingerwritesinWorkaholics:TheRespectableAddictsabouthowwe46sacrificeourownwell-beingthroughoverworkfor“success”.Butfarfromdeliveringproductivity,value,orpersonalfulfilment,overworkhasbeenproventoleadtoburnout,stress,greaterriskofheartdiseaseandevenshorterlifespans.47,wecarriedon—untilCOVID-19camealong.Besidesmakingusworklongerhoursfromhome,COVID-19hasalso48themovetowardstheadoptionofautomatedmachine,especiallyforjobsrequiringmuchinterpersonalcontact—fromAmazondevelopingdeliverydrones(無(wú)人機(jī))toself-drivingcars.By2050,MichaelOsborne,aprofessorofmachinelearningattheUniversityofOxford,predictsthatatleast40%ofcurrentjobswillbelostto49.Thereare50.Jobsthatinvolvecomplexsocialinteractionsarebeyondcurrentrobotskills:soteaching,socialcare,nursingandcounsellingarealllikelyto51theAIrevolution.Asarejobsthatrelyoncreativity.Thesamealsogoesfor52jobs,accordingtoOsborne,duetothelargenumberofdifferentobjectscleanersencounterandthevarietyofwaysthoseobjectsneedtobedealtwith.Interestingly,areasoftheworkplacetraditionallydominatedbywomenwon’tbesoeasilyadoptedbyAI.Robotsareunlikelyto53inthe“work”oftakingcareofchildren,preparinglunchboxesanddoingthelaundry.Thosewhoseworkfallsoutsidethecaring,cleaningorcreativefieldwillstillworkinfuture,just54.Inabout60%ofoccupations,itisestimatedthatathirdofthetaskscanbeautomated,meaningchangestothewaywework.Alarge-scalestudyhaspredictedthatoverthenext20years,although7millionjobswillbetakenoverbyAI,7.2millionnewoneswillbe55asaresult.Sowewillworkinfuture:wejustdon’tknowwhatwe’llbedoingyet.41.A.declined B.increased C.continued D.kept42.A.disagree B.compete C.cooperate D.identify43.A.working B.tough C.leisure D.active44.A.fantasy B.influence C.threat D.impression45.A.joy B.cash C.ambition D.pressure46.A.excitedly B.willingly C.dramatically D.hopefully47.A.Otherwise B.Still C.Furthermore D.Therefore48.A.speededup B.followedup C.preparedfor D.plannedfor49.A.overwork B.labour C.automation D.science50.A.dreams B.models C.expectations D.exceptions51.A.cause B.cease C.survive D.undergo52.A.caring B.cleaning C.curing D.coaching53.A.assist B.exist C.believe D.understand54.A.hardly B.differently C.unfortunately D.probably55.A.lost B.recovered C.substituted D.createdSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)1Iwasalwaysareader.2Asakid,Iwalkedtothelibraryseveraltimesaweekandcheckedoutsomanybooksandreturnedthemsoquicklythatthelibrarianoncesnapped,“Don’ttakehomesomanybooksifyou’renotgoingtoreadthemall!”3“ButIdidreadthemall,”Isaid.4ButIhadstoppedreadinggradually.IjoinedbookclubsthatIneverattended.Irequestedalibrarybookeveryonewasreading,onlytoreturnitaweeklate,unread,withfines.5ThenImetDavid.WhenIaskedhimabouthislastbook,hisfacelitupandhisfingersdanced.6DavidreadmuchmorethanIdid,aboutabookortwoaweek.Hepreferredhistoryandnonfiction,whileIlovedfictionwriters.7Onourseventhdate,DavidandIvisitedthelibrary.8“Ihaveagame,”hesaid,pullingtwopensandPost-itsoutofhisbag.“Let’sfindbookswe’vereadandleavereviewsinthemforthenextperson.”9Wewanderedinthelibraryforanhour.Intheend,wesatontheflooramongthepoetry,andIreadhimsome.Helistened,thenasked,“Whatisityoulikeaboutthatone?”10Thatsummer,aswepicnickedoutside,Isaid,“IfItellyousomething,willyounotjudgeme?”Davidpausedandraisedhiseyebrows.11“I’veonlyreadonebookthisyear,”Isaid.12“Butit’sJune,”hesaid.13“Iknow.”14“Well,readabook!”15ThenexttimeIvisitedabookstore,hischargeto“readabook”echoedinmyhead.Ipickedupabooksolelyforitspoetictitle.16Ihadahardtimegettingintoit.Thenarratorwasanoldman.WheneverIwastemptedtogiveuponit,IthoughtofDavid.Ipushedthroughthefirsttwochaptersanddiscoveredanewnarratorinthethird.Ilovedthealternatingpointsofview.Icarriedthebooktowork.Ireadatlunchandonmywalkhome.17“How’syourday?”Davidtexted.18“Good.Alittletired,”Ireplied.“Istayeduplateandfinishedmybook.”19Itriedtomakeitsoundcasual,butIwasproudofmyself.Itwasnotacompetition,butIfelthimpushingmetobemoreofthepersonIusedtobeandmoreofwhoIwantedtobe.20IaskedDavidoncewhathelikedaboutme.21Hepaused,thensaid,“Iseetheworldasamorewonder-filledplacewithyou.”22Bytheendofthatyear,Davidsuggestedwevisitthelibraryagain.HeaskedifIrememberedthegameweplayedonourfirstvisit.23“Iremember,”Isaid.24Hepulledabookfromtheshelf,droppedtooneknee,andopenedit.Inside,hisPost-itread:“Karla,ithasalwaysbeenyou.Willyoumarryme?”25HisproposalhadrestedbetweenthepagesofTheRebelPrincessforoverayear.26“Yes,”Isaid.56.Theword“snapped”(paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“_____”.A.talkedtosomeonevoluntarilyB.spoketosomeoneimpatientlyC.gavesomeoneasuggestionD.laughedatsomeoneheartlessly57.Whichofthefollowingmaybestillustratetheauthor’sreadinghabitwhenshefirstmetDavid?A.Carryingbooksaroundwithoutopeningthem.B.Onlyreadingthebookseveryonerecommended.C.Avoidingsharingbookswhengoingtobookclubs.D.Oftenforgettingtoreturnthebooksalreadyread.58.Accordingtoparagraph19,whywastheauthorproudofherself?A.Shefinishedreadingabookshedidn’tlike.B.ShehadreadmorebooksthanDaviddid.C.Shedidwhatshethoughttobedifficult.D.Shehadkepttohertasteinpoetictitles.59.WhatwasthemainchangethatDavidbroughtintotheauthor’slife?A.Heintroducedanewlibraryandafungametotheauthor.B.Heencouragedtheauthortoreadmorefictionandpoetry.C.Hehelpedtheauthorfinishreadinganentirebookinaday.D.Hemotivatedtheauthortorediscoverherloveforreading.(B)Just15minutesadayofpracticecanbebeneficial,butdomoreifyouhavetime.Startingearlierhelps:trytheexercisesbelowonahard,levelsurface.EasyLevel:Standingononeleg—withyourhandsrestingonaworksurfaceifyou’refeelingunsteady—seehowlongyoucanmaintainyourbalance.Dothisonewhileyou’rebrushingyourteeth.MediumLevel:Forthismovement,startfromstandingandtakeabigstepforwards,bendingyourfrontleguntilyourtrailingkneejustbrushesthefloor.Thenpushoffyourfrontlegandreturntoastandingposition.HardLevel:Trystep-upsontoasteporbox:putonefootontoaboxandpushthroughthatheeltostepupsobothfeetenduptogether.Toensureyouaren’tusingyourtrailinglegtohelp,keepyourtoesoffthegroundonthatfoot.Canyoustandononelegfor10seconds?Balancecouldbeamatteroflifeanddeath.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthat684,000fatalfallsoccureachyear,makingfallingthesecondleadingcauseofunintentionalinjurydeath.Someofthesefallsarecausedbymoreseriousconditions–butmanyaren’t.AccordingtoGeorgeLocker,along-termpractitioneroftaichi,alossofbalanceisamedicalproblemthatcan’tbetreatedwithdrugsorsurgery,despiteitseffects.Increasingly,effortsarebeingmadetoremedy(補(bǔ)救)thebalanceproblemamongthegroupsalreadymostaffectedbyit.Taichi,practicedbyanestimated50millionpeopleinChina,isanoption.Studieshaveshownthataslittleaseightweeksofpracticecanimproveolderadults’scoresontheTinettitest—acommonlyusedmeasureofcompetenceinbasictaskssuchasrisingfromachairandwalking—aswellasreducingfearoffalling.Longerperiodsofstudyshowfurtherbenefits.Whateveractivityyouchoose,thelessonistoworkonyourbalancebeforeyouneedto,notafteritbecomesanissue.AsLockerputsit:everyone’stoldtosavemoneyfortheirretirement,andnobody’staughttosavetheirbalance.Butbotharedifficulttogetbackoncethey’regone.60.WhatdoesGeorgeLockerthinkofalackofbalance?A.Itiscostlytogettreatedwithdrugsandsurgery.B.Itisaminorissuethatdoesn’taffectone’soverallhealth.C.Itisaproblemwithoutanymedicalsolution.D.Itisaproblemthatcanbeeasilyfixedbyexercising.61.WhichofthefollowingbestillustratestheMediumLevelpractice?62.Whatisthelessonconveyedinthepassageregardingbalanceandhealth?A.Balanceisthetopleadingcauseofsuddendeathfrominjuries.B.Itisessentialforthoseaffectedbybalanceissuestoseekhelp.C.Taichiisthemosteffectivewaytoimproveone’sbalance.D.Itiswisertoworkonbalanceasearlyaspossible.(C)Theconceptofdynamicpricingissimple—andeasyforbusinessestoimplement.Whetherit’saFriday-eveningflight,ahotelduringtheholidays,orataxirideinadownpour,wehaveallbeenburnedbyhigher-than-normalpricesduetoexcessdemand.Raisingcostswhenbusinessesarebusiestisthenormacrossthetravelindustry.Perhapsthemostwell-knownexampleofthisiswithinride-sharecompanies,whichhaveusedsurgepricingforyearstochargeriderswhendemandforcarsrocketsrelativetothenumberofdriversavailable.Outsidetravel,onlinestoresareincreasinglyusingthisdynamicpricing,too,saysVomberg.“OnAalone,millionsofpricechangesoccurwithinaday,correspondingtoapricechangeofabouteverytenminutesforeachproduct.”Whileconsumersmightnotalwayspickuponthesevariationsinprice,Vombergsaystime-baseddynamicpricingwilllikelybecomeacompetitivestandardatleastinonlinemarkets.“AI-enabledtoolscansuggestthebestpricesviamachinelearningalgorithms(算法).Theycanalsotrackandlearncompetitorandcustomerresponsestopricechanges,”hesays.Now,surgepricingishappeninginstoresincludingbarsandsupermarketsaswell.“Physicalbusinessesareadoptingelectronicshelflabelsthatenablerealtimepriceadjustmentsdependingonthetimeofday,stocklevelsandwhetheritemsareapproachingtheirsell-bydate,”saysSarwarKhawaja,chairmanoftheOxfordEducationGroup.Hesaysthistechnologyislikelytocausepricesinbarsthatusethesesignstoincreaseduringtherushesofdinner,weekendsorholidays,orforsupermarketstoadjustpricesthroughoutthedayorweek,dependingonvolumeofshoppers.Thecurrenteconomicclimateisalsodrivingtheneedforthesepricingtechnologies.Whilecreatingcompetitivepricesisalwayskeytohealthyprofitmargins,Khawajasaysdynamicpricingenablesbusinessestooptimisetheirpricingdependingonthefinancialsituationsoftheircustomerbase.“Businessescanofferdiscountsduringdownturns,whileincreasingpricesinbetteroffareas,”hesays.Thechanges,however,maynotsitwellwithconsumers.“Dynamicandsurgepricingwilllikelyexpandtomoreindustriesandmorecompaniesinthelongterm,butjustbecauseaproductmaybepopulardoesnotmeanthatcustomersarewillingtoturnablindeyetobeingchargedmore,”saysKhawaja.Headdssurgepricingcancausecustomerstolosefaithinacompanyiftheybelievetheyarebeingovercharged.“Perhapsdynamicpricingofadrinkinyourfavouritepubmightbeasteptoofarforloyalcustomers.”63.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dynamicpricing”inparagraph1?A.Asystemofdecidingwhatthepricesshouldbe.B.Ameansforcompaniestofindtargetcustomers.C.Amethodthathelpspromotesharingeconomy.D.Astrategyofofferingdiscountstoattractclients.64.ItcanbeinferredfromArndVomberg’scommentsthatonlinestores__________.A.offerthemostcompetitivepricesB.makeprofitsbychangingpricesinrealtimeC.confusecustomersbychangingpricesD.relytoomuchonmachinelearningalgorithms65.Accordingtothepassage,whydophysicalbusinessesadoptdynamicpricing?A.Tomatchsupplyanddemandduringpeakhours.B.Toliftcustomerexperienceandencourageloyalty.C.Tomaintainconsistentpricingacrossallproducts.D.Tocompetewithonlinestoresandbusinesses.66.Whichofthefollowingbestpredictshowcustomersmayreacttotheexpansionofdynamicpricing?A.Turntowhateveroffersthelowestprices.B.Protestagainstitforbeingtooannoying.C.Refusetogiveinandarelikelytoresist.D.Takeitforgrantedandacceptitaltogether.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Focusontheonethingyouaredoing.Habitslikethesewhichencourageyoutomultitaskmakeyoumentallyexhaustedandunproductive.Makesurethatyoualsotakebreaksinyourmonotasking,becausethat’swhathelpsyourbraintostayfocused.Soit’sawin-winforeveryone!Thelittleinformationwedotakeinwhenwe’remultitaskingismoredifficulttorememberatalaterstage.Youfeelsogoodthatyoubelieveyou’rebeingeffectiveandfurtherencouragesyourmultitaskinghabit.WhyDoYouFindItSoHardtoNotMultitask?Mostofusdomultitaskingalmostdaily.Butit’stimetochangethat.Yourattentionisalreadybeingpulledinmillionsofdirectionsdaily,soyoureallydon’tneedtoaddmultitaskingtothelist.Let’stakethesmartphoneforexample.Onaverageyoucheckyourphone110timesaday—thatmeansyou’respending23dayseveryyeargluedtoyoursmartphone!Howproductivedoyouthinkthatmakesyou?67Butit’shardtoletgoofthesehabitsbecauseyou’veconditionedyourbraintosendmisleadingsignalstoyourbody.Researchhasshownthatwhenyoumultitask“successfully”,youactivatetherewardmechanisminyourbrainthatreleasesdopamine,thehappyhormone.68Thisrushcanalsomakeyouoverlyoptimistic,whichmeansyouarelesscarefulabouttheworkyoudoandmorelikelytomakemistakes.Multitaskersbasicallygetaddictedtothisrushwhichleadsthemtobelievetheyarebeingeffectivewheninfactthey’renot.Youcanfindhealthier,morebalanceddopaminereleasesthroughtickingthingsonyourto-dolistthroughmono-,orsingle-taskingtoo.Sinceourbrainscanonlyeffectivelyfocusononethingatatime,thisisthewayforyoutoaccomplishmoreinlesstime.Researchhassuggestedyou’re50%quickeronaveragetoaccomplishataskifyoumonotask,andyou’realso50%lessliketomakeerrors.69You’llalsobeabletoappreciatethingsonadeeperlevelandgetmoreenjoymentfromthemwhenyou’refocused.Ifyou’rechattingtoafriendovercoffeewhilecheckingyourphone,you’renotmakingthemostoutofyourtimewithyourfriend!Nowyou’reprobablydesperatetofindouthowtogetridofthismultitaskinghabitsoyoucanfindrealproductivity.Thereisnoeasyanswer.Yousimplyhavetocommittoitandhavetheself-disciplinetosticktoonetaskatatime.Justsaytoyourself:WhenIwalk,Iwalk.WhenItalktosomeone,Italktosomeone.WhenIread,Iread.It’sassimpleasthat.70Andlikethat,you’vemasteredmonotasking.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.WillPlant-basedProteinContinuetobeanAppetizerinFoodWorld?Agoodveganmilkneedstolooklikemilkandtastelikemilk,whetherit’safattyversion,preferredbybakers,oraskimmedone,favoredbythehealth-conscious.Foryears,manufacturersofplant-basedproteinhavehadtroublehackingthisdelicateimitati