虛擬語氣(Ⅰ)[語法初識]原句感知自主探究①IfIwereyou,Ishouldtrymybesttogotocollege.②WereIyou,Ishouldtrymybesttogotocollege.③Ifhehadgonetothepartylastnight,everythingwouldhavechanged.④Hadhegonetothepartylastnight,everythingwouldhavechanged.⑤Ifitweretobesunnytomorrow,wewouldgooutforapicnic.⑥Wereittobesunnytomorrow,wewouldgooutforapicnic.(1)①②句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。(2)③④句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。(3)⑤⑥句表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。(4)句①②，③④，⑤⑥句的句意分別相同。(5)句②④⑥共同的特點(diǎn)是：省掉if后的倒裝句。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反條件從句主句did(be多用were)would/should/could/might＋動詞原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldacceptthejob.如果我是你，我會接受這份工作。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那兒。[即時演練1](1)單句語法填空①(福建高考改編)Iftherewere(be)nomoderntelemunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.②(湖南高考改編)Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfIhad(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2)完成句子③如果我再高一點(diǎn)，就可以夠到那本書了。Icouldreachthebookif_I_wereabittaller.④如果有機(jī)會，我想成為一個翻譯家。IfIhad_the_chance,_Imightwanttobeatranslator.2．與過去事實(shí)相反條件從句主句haddonewould/should/could/might＋havedoneIfithadnotbeenforyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn'thavecaughtthetrain.如果昨天沒有你的幫助，我就趕不上火車。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyouyourbook.如果他昨天見到你，他就會還你書的。[即時演練2](1)單句改錯①Ifyoutookmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.took→had_taken②Ifyouaskedmeyesterday,Icouldhavetoldyou.asked→had_asked③Ifithadn'tbeenforhishelp,Iwouldn'tsucceed.succeed→have_succeeded(2)單句語法填空④(北京高考改編)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhad_told(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.⑤(北京高考改編)IfIhadn't_seen(notsee)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.⑥(江蘇高考改編)IshouldnothavelaughedifIhad_thought(think)youwereserious.3．與將來事實(shí)相反條件從句主句did(be多用were)/shoulddo/weretodowould/should/could/might＋動詞原形Ifhisflightshouldbedelayed/weretobedelayed/weredelayed,wewouldfailtomeethim.萬一他的航班被延誤了，我們就接不到他了。(事實(shí)上航班被延誤的可能性不大)Iftheseicebergsshouldmeltatthesametime,wewoulddrown.如果這些冰山同時融化的話，我們就都淹死了。(不可能發(fā)生)[即時演練3]一句多譯如果你將來成功了，一切都會好的。①If_you_succeeded,_everythingwouldbeallright.②If_you_should_succeed,_everythingwouldbeallright.③If_you_were_to_succeed,_everythingwouldbeallright.語法點(diǎn)二if虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝條件句中有were，had，should時，可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：若虛擬條件句為否定句，否定詞not不提前。Weretheynottogetmarried,theywouldnotbehappy.要是他們不結(jié)婚的話，他們是不會幸福的。Haditnotbeenforyourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.要不是你偷懶，你現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成任務(wù)了。ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.我要是有時間就去看她。[即時演練4](1)單句語法填空①(浙江高考改編)Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDSrelateddeathswould_not_have_fallen(notfall)sincetheirhighestin2005.②(江蘇高考改編)ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknown(know)theschedule.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換③IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.④Ifyouhadeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoueearlier,_youwouldcatchthebus.道歉信[技法指導(dǎo)]1．體裁介紹道歉信是寫信人對未盡之事向收信人表示歉意，請求對方諒解自己的過失。寫道歉信時要明確不是找借口為自己辯護(hù)，而是承認(rèn)自己的過錯并提出彌補(bǔ)過錯的具體建議和方法。2．技巧點(diǎn)撥寫好道歉信的關(guān)鍵是語言誠摯、坦率，用詞準(zhǔn)確，表達(dá)真誠。具體寫作步驟和注意事項(xiàng)如下：使用正確的書信格式，英文信件由信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語和簽名六部分組成。稱呼語前面常加Dear。首段重述自己做錯的事，表示歉意。正文是書信的主體，需要寫信人條理清楚、完整正確地進(jìn)行表達(dá)。說明道歉的具體原因，應(yīng)盡量詳細(xì)描述做錯事的經(jīng)過。寫信時應(yīng)該注意在申述理由時要真實(shí)，使收信人理解，照顧讀信人的感受，切忌強(qiáng)詞奪理。結(jié)束語通常位于正文下1～2行處。要再次表明承認(rèn)錯誤的態(tài)度，請求收信人的諒解。也可以提出補(bǔ)救的辦法。簽名處常用的表達(dá)方式為：Yourstruly，Yourssincerely等。[表達(dá)]1．Iwouldliketogiveyoumyapologyfor...2．Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyfor...3．IamindeedverysorryforwhatIsaid/did,butbelieveIhadnointentiontoinsultyou.4．Let'snotputalittlemisunderstandingbetweenus.5．Pleaseforgivemeforastupidchoiceofwords.6．Ifeelbadlysorryaboutitandwantyoutoknowwhathappened.7．Pleaseacceptmyapologiesformyoversight.8．Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain.9．Isincerelyhopeyouwillbeabletothinkinmysituationandacceptmyapologies.10．Onceagain,I'msorryforanyinconveniencecaused.[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]假定你是李華，你把Frank借給你的書弄丟了。這本書你一直在看，本打算下周交還的。昨天晚上回房間找不到了。你將盡力去找，找不到的話，買本新的交還。請你對此表示歉意，畢竟新書代替不了舊書，因?yàn)樗拖袷抢吓笥眩泻枚嗾滟F的回憶。這對自己的粗心也是一次教訓(xùn)。詞數(shù)：100左右。DearFrank，Yourstruly，LiHua[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．寶貴的；珍貴的valuable2．找到；恢復(fù)recover3．一旦once4．代替；取代replace5．回憶；記憶memory6．打算做intend_to_do7．沒能夠……fail_to8．與……關(guān)聯(lián)be_connected_with第二步：由詞造句1．我非常抱歉地告訴你我把你上周好心借給我的書給弄丟了。①Iamterriblysorryto_tell_you.Ihave_lostthevaluablebook.Youwereso_kind_to_lendmethebooklastweek.②Iamterriblysorryto_tell_you_thatIhave_lostthevaluablebookyouwereso_kind_to_lendmelastweek.2．一旦這些舊書丟失了，它們永遠(yuǎn)不可能被其他書籍替代。①Oncethese_old_books_were_lost,_theycanneverbereplaced.②Oncelost,_theycanneverbereplaced.3．它們與新書永遠(yuǎn)都不會擁有的珍貴回憶聯(lián)系在一起。①Theyare_connected_withcherishedmemories.Thenewbookscanneverhavethesecherishedmemories.②Theyare_connected_withcherishedmemorieswhichthenewbookscan_never_have.第三步：連句成篇DearFrank，IamterriblysorrytotellyouthatIhavelostthevaluablebookyouweresokindtolendmelastweek.Ireaditeverydayandintendedtofinishitnextweek.LastnightwhenIcametomyroom,itwasnowheretobefound.Iwilltrytorecoveritassoonaspossible.IfIfailtofindit,Iwillgetanewbookforyou.ButIamafraiditcannevertaketheplaceoftheoldone.Oldbooksarelikeoldfriends.Oncelost,theycanneverbereplaced.Theyareconnectedwithcherishedmemorieswhichthenewonescanneverhave.Andforthisirrecoverableloss,Iamtoblame.Iwassocarelesswiththings.Thisisawarningtometobemorecarefulinthefuture.Yourstruly，LiHuaⅠ.單句語法填空1．—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,myvegetableswouldn't_have_died(notdie)．2．—Imissedthetrainyesterday.—Why？Ifyouhad_got(get)upearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.3．Sheisbusylookingforajob.Ifshehad(have)time,shewouldcertainlycallonyou.4．Ifhehadn'tworkedhardinhisteenage,hewouldn't_succeed(notsucceed)now.5．—Whatwouldyoudoifitshould_rain/were_to_rain/rained(rain)tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryitonsincewe'vegoteverythingready.6．IwouldaskGeorgetolendusmoneyifIknew(know)him.7．IfIhadtimethisevening,Iwould_go(go)toyourbirthdayparty.8．IfIhadknownwherehelived,Iwould_have_sent(send)anotetohim.9．Maryisilltoday.Ifshewere(be)notill,shewouldn'tbeabsentfromschool.10．WereItodoit,Iwould_do(do)itinsomeotherway.11．Ifyouhad_been(be)morecareful,thericewouldnothavebeenburnt.12．Were(be)Iyou,Iwouldgowiththem.13．IfIshould_see/were_to_see/saw(see)himtomorrow,Iwouldinvitehimhome.14．Haditnotbeenforthefreeticket,Iwould_not_have_gone(notgo)toseethefilm.15．Iftheweatherhad_been(be)better,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butitrainedallday.Ⅱ.語法與寫作(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)1．Ifhehadehereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenhisoldfriend.→Hadheehereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenhisoldfriend.2．Shewasnotatschool,soIdidn'tseeher.→Ifshehadbeenatschool,Iwould_have_seenher.3．Iwon'tletyougotoworknow.Itisrainingveryhard.→Iwouldletyougotoworknowifitdidn't_rainsohard.4．Ididn'thaveheraddress,soIlosttouchwithher.→IfIhad_hadheraddress,Iwouldn't_have_losttouchwithher.5．IfIwereyou,Iwouldbuyanewcar.→WereIyou,_Iwouldbuyanewcar.[對應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(十一)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIhad_not_fallen(notfall)inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.2．Ifyouhadn't_seen(notsee)thatfilmlastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.3．Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball;otherwisehewould_have_scored(score)agoal.4．Iftherewerenosubjunctive(虛擬語氣),Englishwould_be(be)mucheasier.5．Ifithad_not_been(notbe)forthesnow,wecouldhaveclimbedthemountainyesterday.6．IfIhad_followed(follow)youradvice,Iwouldhavehadnotroublewithmypapers.7．Ifmyfathercame/were_to_e/should_e(e)herethedayaftertomorrow,hecouldn'tseemeatall.8．HadIknownaboutthisputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywould_have_been_saved(save)then.9．Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriverwould_not_be_polluted(notpollute)soseriouslynow.10．Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewould_go(go)foranouting.Ⅱ.閱讀理解RecentlywetalkedwithDianeLucasofcrapsforeveraboutscrapbooking(剪貼薄制作)．Whatisscrapbookingexactly?WhenImakeascrapbookpage,Itakeafewofmyfamilyphotosandputthemintoapagethatusesbeautifulpaper,stickers,drawings,andwordstoshowthetheme.Forexample,thispageaboutmysoniscalled“FirstDayatSchool”.Here'saphotoofhimandoneofhisdrawings,andIdecorateditwithstickers.Whenyoumakeascrapbook,youcanputwordsandpicturestogethertoshowtheimportanttimesinyourlife.It'slikeapersonalhistory.Howdidyougetstarted?WhenIwasachild,Ialwayssavedbitsofpaper,thingslikemovieticketsandvacationpostcards.Imademyfirstscrapbooktenyearsago,whenmyfatherdied.WhenIlookedthroughhisdesk,Ifoundthemostwonderfulthings—likemyparents'anniversary(周年紀(jì)念)cards,andphotosfromhisarmydays.Icouldn'tthrowawayanything,soImadetwoscrapbookswithmycollections,formybrotherandme.Doyouknowotherpeoplewhomakescrapbooks?Oh,yes!Wecallourselves“scrappers”，andweoftenhave“crops”，bigpartieswhereweallworkonourscrapbooks.Webringourscissorsandpapersandourboxesofphotos,andwetalkwhilemakingnewpages.It'satimeforenjoyment,whenfriendsshowpicturesandtellstoriesaboutourfamilies,andourlives.Atthesametime,wecreateabooktokeepthosememories.Whyisscrapbookingsopopularthesedays?Ithinkpeoplewanttorecordtheirfamilyhistory,andshowittootherpeople.Whenyoumakeascrapbook,youcanpassthestoriesontoyourchildren,andyourgrandchildren.Somanypeopletodaywanttodothat!Weallhaveboxesofpictures,andweallwanttokeepthosememories.That'stherealmeaningofscrapbooking.語篇解讀：本文是應(yīng)用文。文章通過采訪剪貼薄愛好者DianeLucas向讀者介紹了剪貼薄制作這種近年來流行的愛好。1．Scrapbookingrequiresthatthescrappershave________.A．a(chǎn)bitofcreativityB．goodhandwritingC．richlifeexperiencesD．a(chǎn)wideknowledgeofhistory解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段DianeLucas她利用照片、漂亮的紙、貼畫、圖片以及文字來制作剪貼簿可知，剪貼簿制作需要制作者具有一些創(chuàng)造力。2．DianeLucasmadeherfirstscrapbook________.A．inhonorofherfatherB．whenservinginthearmyC．withthehelpofherbrotherD．undertheinfluenceofherparents解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，因不舍得扔掉父親的遺物，DianeLucas利用這些東西制作了第一本剪貼簿，來紀(jì)念她的父親。3．WhatdoesDianeLucasthinkofthe“crops”？A．They'rehardtohold.B．They'reveryinteresting.C．They'requitepetitive.D．They'refullofchallenges.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，DianeLucas提到的“crops”是指剪貼簿愛好者共同制作剪貼簿的大型宴會，在這里他們可以盡情的分享個人故事，故推測她覺得這類活動很有趣。4．InDianeLucas'mind,scrapbookingisagoodwayto________.A．makefriendsB．rewritehistoryC．educatechildrenD．sharepeople'sstories解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“friendsshowpicturesandtellstories...”和最后一段的“youcanpassthestoriesonto...weallwanttokeepthosememories”可知，DianeLucas認(rèn)為制作剪貼簿是保存美好回憶、傳播故事的好辦法。Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀Theworldischangingandnewideasappeareveryday;introducingthemintoyourlifewillkeepyouengaged.ThefollowingarethemethodsIusetostayopenandimpressionable.They'llworkforyoutoo,nomatterhowoldyouget.Quietyourinnervoice.It'sthelittlevoicethatoffersarunningexplanationwhenyouarelisteningtosomeone.1.________Itistooeasytopaymoreattentiontotheinnervoicethantheactualspeaker.Thatvoiceoftenkeepsyoufromlisteningopenlyforgoodinformationandcanoftenmakeyoushutdownbeforeyouhaveheardtheentirebasis.Focuslessonwhatyourbrainhastosayandmoreonthespeaker.2.________Arguewithyourself.3．________Everytimeyouhearyourselfcontradicting(與……矛盾)thespeaker,stopandtaketheotherpointofview.Suggesttoyourbrainallthereasonswhythespeakermaybecorrectandyoumaybewrong.Inthebestcaseyoumayopenyourselftotheinformationbeingprovided.Failingthat,youwillatleaststrengthenyourownargument.4．________Somepeoplearenaturallycuriousandothersarenot.Nomatterwhichcategoryyouarein,youcanbenefitfrombehavinglikeacuriousperson.Nexttimeyouarelisteningtoinformation,makeupandwritedownthreetofiverelevant(相關(guān)的)questions.5.________Ifyouareinaconversation,youcanasktheotherperson.Eitherwayyou'lllikelylearnmore,andtheactionofthinkingupquestionswillhelpencodetheconceptsinyourbrain.Aslongasyou'renotacat,youshouldbenefitfromtheseactionsofcuriosity.A．Actasyouarecurious.B．Trytocalmyourselfdown.C．Youmaybesurprisedatwhatyouhear.D．Youwilllearnfromotherpeoplewhoareexperienced.E．Ifyouareinalecture,googlethemafterforanswers.F．Ifyoucan'tquiettheinnervoice,then