英語閱讀理解(人生百味)各地方試卷集合及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解人生百味類1．閱讀理解

I'masinglepersonandlivewithmydog.Jedisn'tjustmydog.Heismyfamily.Hegoeseverywherewithme.SoIwasoverjoyedlastyeartohearthatBunningswasallowingdogsonaleash(皮帶)-intotheirstores.

Butnosoonerhadtherulecomeinthanitwasquicklyrepealed(撤銷).AlittlegirlinVictoriahadwalkeduptoaJackRussellinastoreandbeenbitten(咬傷).Thatwasit.Nomoredogs.

Idon'tknowthewholestory.Buthere'swhatIhavetosay:dogsbitesometimesandkidsaresometimesdifficulttocontrol.

ThereisnothingIlovemorethanakidwhowantstotouchJed.Butwhat'sevenbetteriswhentheyaskpermissionfirst.

Iwasatmylocaldogparklastweek.It'shuge,withanoff-leashdogareatoonesideandafenced-offkids'playgroundagooddistanceaway.Therewasafamilytherethatmorning—parentsandtwoyounggirlsplayingnearthedogarea.TheeldergirlstartedcryingatthesightofJed—"puppy!Thereapuppy!"Jedwentrightupandstartedlicking(舔)her,whichonlymadehercrylouder.

Mydogwasfrightenedandtriedtogetaway.Thelittlegirlranafterhim,shoutingloudly.Theparentsdidnothing;theyjustlettheirkidfrightenmydogandthensaidIshouldhavestoppedhimfromlickingher.

Whiletheyhadachoicetoplayelsewhere,Ididnot.SoIhadtowalkJedaway.

"Ijustdon'twanttohavetomeetadogwhenIgoshopping,"saidonecalleronaradioshowyesterday.Look,Igetthat.Butthethingis,Idon'talwayswanttohaveyourkidkickthebackofmyseatfortwohoursonaplane.

WhenIlivedintheUKandtheUS,Icouldn'twalkthroughthestoreswithoutstoppingtopatdogs.Whycan'twefollowtheirpractice?（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJed?A.

Heisatroublemaker.

B.

Hemeansalottotheauthor.C.

Heistheauthor'sonlyfriend.

D.

Heoftengoesshoppingwith:theauthor.（2）WhydidBunningsstopfollowingtherule?A.

Agirllostherdogthere.

B.

Dogswerebadly-behaved.C.

Mostpeoplewereagainstit.

D.

Itwantedtokeepitscustomerssafe.（3）Whathappenedatthedogpark?A.

Thelittlegirlwashurt.

B.

Jedwastreatedunfairly.C.

Jedplayedhappilywiththegirl.

D.

Theparentsstoppedtheirdaughter.（4）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthecaller'swords?A.

Meaningless.

B.

Hurtful.

C.

Reasonable.

D.

Touching.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，從作者自身經(jīng)歷出發(fā)，表達(dá)了作者對于社會(huì)上對待動(dòng)物的不公平現(xiàn)象的看法。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Jedisn'tjustmydog.Heismyfamily.”杰德不僅僅是我的狗。他是我的家人?？芍艿聦ψ髡邅碚f意義重大。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butnosoonerhadtherulecomeinthanitwasquicklyrepealed.AlittlegirlinVictoriahadwalkeduptoaJackRussellinastoreandbeenbitten.Thatwasit.Nomoredogs.”但這條規(guī)定剛一實(shí)施就很快被廢除了。維多利亞州的一個(gè)小女孩在一家商店里走向一只杰克羅素犬，結(jié)果被咬了。就這樣。不能有狗進(jìn)商店了?？芍狟unnings停止遵守這一規(guī)定，因?yàn)樗氡ＷC顧客的安全。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“Mydogwasfrightenedandtriedtogetaway.Thelittlegirlranafterhim,shoutingloudly.Theparentsdidnothing;theyjustlettheirkidfrightenmydogandthensaidIshouldhavestoppedhimfromlickingher.”我的狗嚇壞了，想逃跑。小女孩在他后面跑，大聲喊叫。父母什么也沒做;他們只是讓他們的孩子嚇唬我的狗，然后說我應(yīng)該阻止他舔她?？芍诠饭珗@杰德受到了不公平的待遇。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"‘Ijustdon'twanttohavetomeetadogwhenIgoshopping,’saidonecalleronaradioshowyesterday.Look,Igetthat.Butthethingis,Idon'talwayswanttohaveyourkidkickthebackofmyseatfortwohoursonaplane."我只是不想在購物時(shí)遇到一只狗，"昨天在一個(gè)廣播節(jié)目中，一位打電話的人說。我明白了。但是問題是，我并不想讓你的孩子在飛機(jī)上花兩個(gè)小時(shí)踢我的座椅靠背?？赏浦髡哒J(rèn)為打電話的人的話語很傷人。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Anyonewhoisafraidoffailureandafraidtofacechallengeswillnevertastesuccess,sosaidourprofessorinmarketing.Ilaugheditoffatthattime,butgotfrightenedwhenitactuallyhappenedinmylife.

IlandedinasmallcityintheMiddleEasttosetupafirm,aworld－classcarrentalfirm.Havingdecidedontheproject,Iearnestlysettledinpreparation.Withapositivemind,Itoldmyselfnothingshouldstopmenow,andwasmorethankeentomakeitasuccess.

However,theleastexpectedthinghappened.IraqinvadedKuwait.Tensionranhighintheregion.Eventuallythewarbrokeout,andmanypeoplefledthecountry,leavingmyfirmindeeptrouble.

Asusual,"thingsbecomedifficult,andeveryeffortseemstobringdisappointment,itcanbetemptingtoloweryourexpectationsorevenwaterdownyourgoalsandambitions."Iwasnoexception.Ithoughtofrunningaway.IrememberedthewordsofThomasEdison,"Manyoflife'sfailuresarepeoplewhodidnotrealizehowclosetheyweretosucceedwhentheygaveup."

Idecidedtohangon,tellingmyself,"Iamnotafraidofchallengesandobstacles."Istayedonthroughmonthsofuncertaintyandinsecurity.Financesranlow,andbankscouldnotwaittogettheirdues.Toaddtoallthis,thebankseventhreatenedtotakeallmyvehicles.IfeltImadeawrongdecisiontomovethere.Iwasnowreadytofacefailure.

Iwaslivingagainstallhopes,believingthatsomethinggoodwouldhappen.After2monthsthewarended.Mypersistencepaidoff:peoplestartedfloodingbackandthecarbookingspickedup,fivetimesover.

Successcomestotheonewhodares,evenafterfailure,tothinkpositivelyandlookforwardconfidently.Afterall,itisonlytheexperiencethatmakesamantough.Failuredoesnotmeanyouwillnevermakeit.Itmeansthatitwilltakealittlelonger.Itprovidesuswithalearningexperience.（1）Themainmethodtheauthorusestosupporthisunderstandingofhisprofessor'sviewpointis________.A.

offeringanalyses

B.

providingexplanationsC.

makingcomparisons

D.

givingexamples（2）HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenthewarbetweenIraqandKuwaitbrokeout?A.

Unconfident

B.

Indifferent

C.

Nervous

D.

Calm（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"waterdown"inthe4thparagraphprobablymean?A.

getridof

B.

smoothaway

C.

makelessforceful

D.

improveon（4）Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassageismostlikelyto________.A.

inform

B.

persuade

C.

describe

D.

entertain【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者的教授曾經(jīng)說過，任何害怕失敗和害怕面對挑戰(zhàn)的人永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)嘗到成功的滋味。作者當(dāng)時(shí)不以為然當(dāng)，直到自己親身經(jīng)歷了失敗和挑戰(zhàn)后，作者才意識(shí)到人們面對挑戰(zhàn)或失敗時(shí)要大膽應(yīng)對，保持積極的心態(tài)。（1）考查推理判斷。一開始介紹了作者的教授提出的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，但是作者當(dāng)時(shí)不以為然，直到在今后實(shí)際生活中真正遇到了失敗或挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)才認(rèn)識(shí)到了教授的觀點(diǎn)。下文主要通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn)，即通過舉例說明的方式。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iwasnoexception.Ithoughtofrunningaway.”我也不例外。我想過逃跑；以及第五段中的“IfeltImadeawrongdecisiontomovethere.Iwasnowreadytofacefailure.”我覺得搬到那里去是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的決定。我現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備好面對失敗了。可知當(dāng)伊拉克和科威特之間的戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時(shí)，作者感到?jīng)]有信心。故選A。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“thingsbecomedifficult,andeveryeffortseemstobringdisappointment,itcanbetemptingtoloweryourexpectationsoreven”可知當(dāng)事情變得困難，每一次努力似乎都會(huì)帶來失望，它可能會(huì)降低你的期望，甚至降低你的目標(biāo)和抱負(fù)。故可推測劃線短語意思為"削弱"，與C選項(xiàng)含義接近。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Successcomestotheonewhodares,evenafterfailure,tothinkpositivelyandlookforwardconfidently.Afterall,itisonlytheexperiencethatmakesamantough.Failuredoesnotmeanyouwillnevermakeit.Itmeansthatitwilltakealittlelonger.Itprovidesuswithalearningexperience.”成功屬于那些即使在失敗之后仍敢積極思考并充滿信心地展望未來的人。畢竟，只有經(jīng)歷才能使人堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。失敗并不意味著你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功。這意味著它將花費(fèi)更長的時(shí)間。它給我們提供了一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是勸說人們面對挑戰(zhàn)或失敗時(shí)要大膽去對應(yīng)，保持積極的心態(tài)。即作者寫這篇文章的目的是說服別人。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Afewhoursaftermyfirstmission,returningtoEarthonthespaceshuttleEndeavour,Icompletedallofmymedicaltestsafterflight,metwithNASAofficials,andreunitedwithmyfamily.Finally,IwasaloneinmyofficeroominastronautcrewquartersattheKennedySpaceCenter,exhaustedandreadyforbed.AndIdidwhatanyonedoeswhentheyreturntotheirhotelroomonabusinesstrip:IturnedontheTV.Thetelevisionnewsstartedup:Suchandsuchhadhappened,peoplewereshocked,blahblahblah.Sportsscores.Sillycommercials.

Itdidn'ttakemorethanaminutebeforeIhadtoturnitoff.Itfeltlikemybodywasrejectingallthisinput,justasitwouldrejectanorgandonationthathadthewrongbloodtype.AllofthisnoisewasjustcompletelyforeigntowhoIwas—or,moreappropriately,whoIhadbecome.Afewhoursbefore,IhadbeenorbitingEarth,seeingourplanetfromspace,flyingthemostamazingmachineeverbuiltbyhumanhands,workingwithateamthatwastheabsolutesuccessofhuman.Andnowhereinmyroomwatchingwhatwasbeingsoldasnews,andwithmynewfoundperspective,Ijustcouldnotstomachit.Myworldviewwaschangedforeverinaprofound(深刻的)way.

ThebiggestchangebyfarandtheoneforwhichIwillalwaysbemostgratefulisthisbig-pictureperspective.Thatwillstickwithmefortherestofmylife.

WheneverIfeelthepressureofmodernlife,thestressaboutwork,orworryaboutthefuture,Iremembermytimeinthespacestation.BacktoseeingthesunsetOrwatchingourgalaxyriseonthehorizon.Orseeingaseaoflightningflashahundredtimesasecond.Orsimplybacktofloatingweightlessly.

WhenI'mthereinmymindandrealizehowmanybillionsofthesebeautifulsunsetstherehavebeenandwillbeinthefuture,thecaresoftheworldjustdon'tseemthatpressing.Itgoesthat,"Donotworryabouttomorrow,fortomorrowwillworryaboutitself."Livingdailylifedownhereontheplanetissomuchbetterwiththisattitude!（1）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordstomachinparagraph2?A.

Access.

B.

Attend.

C.

Accept.

D.

Afford.（2）Whatisthemostimportantchangetothewriter?A.

Hehasabroaderviewoftheworld.B.

Hedoesn'tlikewatchingTVanymore.C.

Hewillalwaysbemostgratefulforeverything.D.

Hecanflythemostamazingmachinebyhands.（3）Whatattitudetolifedoesthewritertendtohave?A.

cagedbirdlongsforclouds.

B.

Liveinthepresentmoment.C.

Letbygonesbebygones.

D.

Timeworksgreatchanges.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了在一次太空之旅后作者對待生活的態(tài)度的變化。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itdidn'ttakemorethanaminutebeforeIhadtoturnitoff.”以及畫線詞后的“Myworldviewwaschangedforeverinaprofound(深刻的)way.”可知，我的世界觀以一種深刻的方式永遠(yuǎn)改變了，因此此處是說以我現(xiàn)在的視角，看這種新聞是我無法忍受的，所以不到一分鐘我就關(guān)掉了電視，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“接受、忍受”，故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThebiggestchangebyfarandtheoneforwhichIwillalwaysbemostgratefulisthisbig-pictureperspective.”可知，作者最重要的改變是他對世界有更廣闊的看法，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itgoesthat,‘Donotworryabouttomorrow,fortomorrowwillworryaboutitself.’Livingdailylifedownhereontheplanetissomuchbetterwiththisattitude!”可知，它說，“不要為將來擔(dān)心，生活在這個(gè)星球上的日常生活是如此的好，這句話表明了作者對待生活的態(tài)度是不要擔(dān)心將來，活在當(dāng)下，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

I'mnotsosureIlikemyfriendsanymore.Iusedtolikethem—tobehonest.We'dhavelunch,talkonthephoneorexchangee-mails,andtheyallseemednormalenough.ButthencameFacebookandIwasintroducedtoasadfact:manyofmyfriendshavedarksidesthattheyhadkeptfromme.

TodaymyfriendsshowoffthemoreunpleasantaspectsoftheirpersonalitiesviaFacebook.Nolongerhidden,they'rethrowninmyfacelikeTVcommercials—unavoidableandendlessadvertisementsfortheworstoftheirpersonalities.

TakeFred.Ifyouweretohavelunchwithhim,you'dfindhimwarm,anddown-to-earth.ReadhisFacebookandyourealizehe'sanunbearable,food-obsessedbore.He'dpausetohaveacupofcoffeeonhiswaytosaveadrowningman—andthenwriteaboutit.

TakeAndy.Youwon'tfindasmarterCEOanywhere,butnowhe'saCEOwithoutacompanytolull.SoheplaysMafiaWarsonFacebook.He'sdoingwell—level731.ThankstoFacebook,Iknowhe'splayingabout18hoursaday.Andy,you'verunfourcompanies—andthisishowyouspendyourdowntime(業(yè)余時(shí)間)?Whathappenedtogolf?Whathappenedtogettinganotherjob?

TakeLiz.SheispositivethattheH1N1vaccine(甲流疫苗)willkillusallandthatweshouldavoidit.AndthencomesChriswholikestopostatleast20timesadayoneverywebsitehecanfind,soIgettoreadhisthoughtstwice,onceonFacebookandonceonTwitter.

Inreallife,Idon'tseethesesidesofpeople.Facetoface,myfriendsshowmetheirbest.They'renice,smartpeople.ButfacetoFacebook,myfriendsarelikeablinddatewhichgoeshorriblywrong.

I'mleftwithadilemma.Whoismyrealfriend?IsittheLizIhavelunchwithortheanti-vaccinelunatic(狂人)onFacebook?IsittheFredIcangrabasandwichwithortheFredwhoweepsifhe'satapartyandthewineisn'tuptohisstandards?（1）What'sAndyprobablybusyindoingnow?A.

He'srunninghiscompany.

B.

He'splayinggolfallday.C.

He'slookingforanotherjob.

D.

He'splayingcomputergames.（2）WhoisopposedtotheH1N1vaccineinthetext?A.

Fred.

B.

Andy.

C.

Liz.

D.

Chris.（3）Accordingtothetext,Facebooktendsto______.A.

presentanothersideofpeople

B.

offersomefoodforfreeC.

showendlessadvertisements

D.

getyoutomoreparties（4）Thetextisdevelopedmainlyby______.A.givingexamplesB.followingthetimeorderC.listingfiguresD.raisingquestions【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，自從有了Facebook之后，作者朋友們的一些變化。以前，朋友會(huì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中展現(xiàn)他們好的一面；現(xiàn)在，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上他們把自己的陰暗面暴露無遺。這讓作者很煩惱，甚至分不清楚朋友的真實(shí)面目是什么，誰才是她真正的朋友。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”SoheplaysMafiaWarsonFacebook.He'sdoingwell—level731.ThankstoFacebook,Iknowhe'splayingabout18hoursaday.“所以他在Facebook上玩游戲，他打的不錯(cuò)-731級(jí)。多虧了Facebook，我知道他現(xiàn)在每天玩18小時(shí)游戲，可知，Andy沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，所以可以推斷出他此時(shí)正忙著打游戲。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的”TakeLiz.SheispositivethattheH1N1vaccine(甲流疫苗)willkillusallandthatweshouldavoidit.“以Liz為例。她贊同甲流疫苗會(huì)致死，大家都該避開打疫苗，可知，Liz對甲流疫苗持反對態(tài)度。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”TodaymyfriendsshowoffthemoreunpleasantaspectsoftheirpersonalitiesviaFacebook.“現(xiàn)在我的朋友通過Facebook展現(xiàn)出他們性格中令人不愉快的方面）和倒數(shù)第二段的Inreallife,Idon'tseethesesidesofpeople.Facetoface,myfriendsshowmetheirbest.They'renice,smartpeople.ButfacetoFacebook,myfriendsarelikeablinddatewhichgoeshorriblywrong.”在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，我沒有看到人們的這些方面。面對面時(shí)，我的朋友們把他們最好的一面展現(xiàn)出來，他們是好人。但是面對Facebook，我的朋友們就像和素未謀面的人相親一樣，變得極其糟糕）可知，F(xiàn)acebook能讓人展現(xiàn)出不同于往常的一面。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三，四，五段作者分別以朋友Fred，Andy，Liz的事情為例可知，作者是以舉例的方式來寫作的。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.

Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Weareusedtopassivelearning,andit'snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers.Unfortunately,passivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor.

DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn'tshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.

That'swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelistentoimproveonit,stamping(打上標(biāo)記)itwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.

Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.（1）Accordingtothepassage,whatsituationmaypassivelearningoccurin?A.

Doingamedicalexperiment

B.

SolvingamathproblemC.

Visitinganexhibition

D.

Doingscientificreasoning（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2refersto?A.

Activelearning

B.

Knowledge

C.

Communication

D.

Passivelearning（3）WhydoestheauthormentionsthegameRumor?A.

Toshowthatamessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedon.B.

Toshowthatamessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentways.C.

Toshowthatpeoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearing.D.

Toshowthatpeopletendnottobelieveinwhattheyknowasrumor.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Activelearningislessimportant.

B.

Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.C.

Activelearningoccursmorefrequently.

D.

Passivelearningisnotfoundamongscholars.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要主要介紹了被動(dòng)獲得知識(shí)所存在的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題——被告知的可能是謠言。并用現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中簡單的事說明。（1）推理判斷題。由文章第二段weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVofreadnewspaperormagazinesispassive可知被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)是通過別人告訴獲取知識(shí)，而A做實(shí)驗(yàn)；B解決數(shù)學(xué)問題；D做科學(xué)推理都是主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，故選C。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)it所在句Weareusedtopassivelearning,andit'snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers可知這我們依賴的是前句所提的被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。（3）推理判斷題。通過第三段最后一句Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.可知人們傳遞信息到最后時(shí)，信息原始的意思已經(jīng)改變了。和第二段最后一句話

Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor.它讓我們更傾向于接受我們被告知的事物，有時(shí)候甚至是傳聞或者謠言?？芍恼孪胍嬖V我們信息在傳遞的過程中發(fā)生了變化。故選A。（4）推理判斷題。A、C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)說的是主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，文中沒有提到，D選項(xiàng)說被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)在學(xué)者中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，這和最后一段第一句

Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors不符合，而根據(jù)第二段和第三段可知人們傳遞信息到最后時(shí)，信息的原始意思已經(jīng)改變了，故得出被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)不可靠，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及推理判斷題，需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出所需要的信息，也可以利用排除法，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。6．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whatmakesapersonagiverortaker?Theidea"givevs.take"takesshapeinallinteractions(互動(dòng))andrelationshipsofourlives.We'reeithergivingadvice,makingtimeforpeople,orwe'reonthereceivingend.Wekeepchangingbetweenthetwobasedondifferentsituationsonadailybasis,ifnotanhourlyone.

AccordingtoAdamGrant,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania,mostpeoplearematchers.Theymakecarefulobservationsontakersandmakeitapointforthemtopaysomethingback.Theyhatetoseepeoplewhoactsogenerouslytowardsothersnotreceiveanyrewards.Actually,mostmatcherswilltryhardtopromoteandsupportgiverssothattheycangetthegoodtheydeserve.

Isthereagenderfactor(性別因素)thatplaysapartinthis?

AstudyledbyHannahRileyBowles,aprofessoratHarvardUniversity,focusedonthisquestion.Sheasked200seniormanagerstositdowninpairswhereonepersonwouldactasthebossandtheotherasanemployeetodiscusssalarypromotions.Male"employees"askedforanaveragesalaryof$146kwhilethefemalesaskedforonly$141k.Butwhydidtheynotbargainashardasthemen?Simplybecausetheyweremorelikelytobegivers.

Asawoman,Idoenjoytheactofgivingupmytime,myknowledge,andmycareandmyattentiontoothers.Idon'texpectanythinginreturn,butIdotendtopullmyselfawaywhenIfeellikeI'mbeingtakenforgranted.IalsotendtogetupsetwhenIseealovedone'scontinuousactionsofkindnessgounnoticed.So,it'ssafetosayI'm50%giver,35%matcherand15%taker.

Idoknowsomeone,however,whois99%giver.They'reconstantlydevotingtheirtime,sharingvaluableinsights(洞察力)andgoingoutoftheirwayforeveryonewhocrossestheirpath.Althoughthey'rechangedthelivesofmanypeople,theyrarelyseeanyofitreturned.Buttheuniverseisslowlyrepayingthem;they'renowextremelysuccessful,wellknownforwhattheydo.（1）Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A.

mostpeoplethinktheyaregiversB.

peoplearenotalwaysgiversortakersC.

anindividualisborntobeagiveroratakerD.

fewdifferencesexistbetweengiversandtakers（2）InAdamGrant'sopinion,mostpeople________.A.

hatetakersB.

prefergivingtotakingC.

enjoyrelyingonthemselvesD.

balancegivingandtaking（3）Hannah'sstudyfocusedon________.A.

theroleofgivingandtakinginjobsB.

thegenderdifferenceingivingandtakingC.

theroleofmenandwomeninsocietyD.

thesalarydifferencebetweenwomenandmen（4）Theauthortendsto________.A.

thinkactsofkindnessshouldbevaluedB.

expectsomethinginreturnforgivingmostofthetimeC.

takegivingforgrantedD.

beacompletematcher（5）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.

Givingistheshortestpathtosuccess.B.

Sharingisthegreatesthumanquality.C.

Nogooddeedgoesundone.D.

Giversareworthrespecting.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，大多數(shù)人在尋求給予和接受之間的平衡，但是好的行為最終都會(huì)得到回報(bào)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“We'reeithergivingadvice,makingtimeforpeople,orwe'reonthereceivingend.Wealternatebetweenthetwobasedondifferentsituationswefaceonadailybasis,itnotanhourlyone.”可知，我們根據(jù)每天面對的不同情況在兩者之間交替。我們有時(shí)是給予者有時(shí)是索取者。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theymakecarefulobservationsontakersandmakeitapointforthemtopaysomethingback.Theyhatetoseepeoplewhoactsogenerouslytowardsothersnotreceiveanyrewards.Actually,mostmatcherswilltryhardtopromoteandsupportgiverssothattheycangetthegoodtheydeserve.”可知，在AdamGrant看來，大多數(shù)人在尋求給予和接受之間的平衡。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段可知，哈佛教授調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)女子比男子更有可能是給予者，這表明這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)集中于人們是給予者還是接受者的性別差異，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“IalsotendtogetupsetwhenIseealovedone'scontinuousactionsofkindnessgounnoticed.”可知，作者不期望任何回報(bào)，但作者會(huì)在覺得他的善意沒有受到注意的情況下感到沮喪，所以作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的善意應(yīng)該被珍惜。故選A。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Buttheuniverseisslowlyrepayingthem;they'renowextremelysuccessful,wellknownforwhattheydo.”可知，好的行為最終都會(huì)得到回報(bào)，善有善報(bào)。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Theworld'srichestmanmightseemtohaveitall,butBillGateshasoneregret.Theself-madebillionairesaidhefeltstupidfornotknowinganyforeignlanguages.

SpeakinginhisthirdAskMeAnythingquestion-and-answersessionforonlineforumReddit(紅迪網(wǎng)),theMicrosoftfoundersaidthathewishedhespokeFrench,ArabicorChinese.

Hesaid,"ItookLatinandGreekinhighschoolandgotAsandIguessithelpsmyvocabulary.Ikeephopingtogettimetostudyoneofthese—probablyFrenchbecauseitistheeasiest.IdidDuolingoforawhilebutdidn'tkeepitup."

Gates,whoisworth$79.3billion,praisedFacebookfounderMarkZuckerbergforsurprisinganaudienceinBeijingwhenhespokefluentChinese."MarkZuckerbergamazinglylearnedChineseanddidaQ&AwithChinesestudents—unbelievable,isn'tit?"hesaid.

Thisisn'tthefirsttimeforGatestoadmithisregretoverlanguage.Healsoshowedhishabitsathomeandpersonalinsights.

LastFebruary,Gatessaidhelikestodothedisheshimself—tohisownspecialstandardseverynightandalsotoldtheinterviewerthathiswife,Melinda,wouldlikelywantSamuelL.Jacksontoplayherhusbandinabiopic(傳記片).

Healsoadmittedthathewouldpickupa$100billifhefounditonthestreet.

AshetookthetopspotonForbes(福布斯)28thAnnualBillionaireslistlastyearforthefourthtime,hesaidheisprettybasicwhenitcomestospendingonclothesandfood,butthatheenjoysinvestinginshoesandrackets(球拍)whenheplaystennis.

Whenaskedalifelessonhehadtolearnthehardway,thebillionairesaidstayinguptoolateisahabitheisstilltryingtobreak."Don'tstayuptoolateevenifthebookisreallyexciting.Youwillregretitinthemorning.Pamisstillworkingonthisproblem,"hesaid.（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

AnInterviewwithBillGates

B.

HowBillGatesSucceededC.

BillGates'Regret

D.

TheRichestBillionaire（2）Theunderlinedpartinparagraph8mayactuallymeanthat_______.A.

itisimportanttolayagoodfoundationoflifeB.

foodandclothingarebasicneedsforpeople'slifeC.

henevercaresaboutbuyingfoodandclothingD.

hedoesn'tspendmuchmoneyonfoodandclothes（3）WhatadvicedidBillGatesgive?A.

Dothedishesyourselfathome.

B.

Beagoodlanguagelearner.C.

Avoidstayinguptoolate.

D.

Pickupthe$100billsinthestreets.（4）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.

BillGatesisalsothefounderofFacebook.B.

BillGateswasgoodatlearninglanguagesinhighschool.C.

BillGatestoppedthelistofForbes28times.D.

BillGates'wifewantsSamueltoplayagamewithGates.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，白手起家的億萬富翁比爾·蓋茨認(rèn)為自己不懂外語是人生的一個(gè)遺憾。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theworld'srichestmanmightseemtohaveitall,butBillGateshasoneregret.Theself-madebillionairesaidhefeltstupidfornotknowinganyforeignlanguages.”世界首富比爾·蓋茨似乎擁有一切，但他有一個(gè)遺憾。這位白手起家的億萬富翁說，他覺得自己不懂外語很愚蠢。是全文的主題句，可知這篇文章主要講了比爾·蓋茨的遺憾，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第八段中的“butthatheenjoysinvestinginshoesandrackets(球拍)whenheplaystennis.”但他喜歡在打網(wǎng)球時(shí)，投資買鞋和球拍。由此推斷出上文的意思是他在食物和衣服上花的錢不多，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whenaskedalifelessonhehadtolearnthehardway,thebillionairesaidstayinguptoolateisahabitheisstilltryingtobreak.”當(dāng)被問及人生的教訓(xùn)時(shí)，這位億萬富翁表示，他仍在努力改掉熬夜的習(xí)慣。由此可知，比爾·蓋茨的建議是避免熬夜太晚，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ItookLatinandGreekinhighschoolandgotAsandIguessithelpsmyvocabulary.”我在高