（英語）高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧(超強(qiáng))及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

LittleNewYear(Chinese:Xiaonian),usuallyaweekbeforethelunarNewYear,fallsonFeb8thisyear.ItisalsoknownastheFestivaloftheKitchenGod,thedeity(神)whooverseesthemoralcharacterofeachhousehold.HerearesixthingsyoushouldknowabouttheLittleNewYear,anothersignofthestartofspring.

⒈O(jiān)ffersacrificestoKitchenGod

OneofthemostdistinctivetraditionsoftheLittleNewYearistheburningofapaperimageoftheKitchenGod,whowillreportonthefamily'sconductoverthepastyear.TheofferingstotheKitchenGodincludepig'shead,fish,sweetbeanpaste,melons,fruit,boileddumplings,barleysugar,andGuandongcandy,astickytreatmadeoutofglutinousmilletandsproutedwheat.Mostoftheofferingsaresweetsofvariousvarieties.ItisthoughtthatthiswillsealtheKitchenGod'smouthandencouragehimtoonlysaygoodthingsaboutthefamilywhenheascendstoheaventomakehisreport.

⒉Housecleaning

AccordingtoChinesefolkbeliefs,duringthelastmonthoftheyearghostsanddeitiesmustchooseeithertoreturntoHeavenortostayonEarth.Itisbelievedthatinordertoensuretheghostsanddeities'timelydeparturepeoplemustthoroughlycleanboththeirpersonsandtheirhouses,downtoeverylastdrawerandcupboard.

⒊EatGuandongcandy

Guandongcandy,astickytreatmadeoutofglutinousmilletandsproutedwheat,isatraditionalsnackthatChinesepeopleeatontheFestivaloftheKitchenGod.

⒋Pastepaper-cutstowindows

IntheLittleNewYear,oldcoupletsandpaper-cutsfromthepreviousSpringFestivalaretakendown,andnewwindowdecorations,NewYear'sposters,andauspicious(吉利的)decorationsarepastedup.

⒌Bathandhair-cut

AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,whetherthey'rerichorpoor,peopleoftenhaveahaircutbeforetheSpringFestival.TheactivityoftakingbathandhaircutisoftentakenontheLittleNewYear.

⒍PreparationsforSpringFestival

PeoplestarttostockupnecessaryprovisionsfortheSpringFestivalsincetheLittleNewYear.Everythingneededtomakeofferingstotheancestors,entertainguests,andfeedthefamilyoverthelongholidaymustbepurchasedinadvance.（1）WhatisthemostunusualtraditionintheLittleNewYear?A.

OfferingsacrificestotheKitchenGod

B.

BurningpaperimageofKitchenGodC.

PreparingthenecessityfortheNewYear

D.

Cleaninghouseandpeoplethemselves（2）WhatistheKitchenGod'sdutyintheman'sworld?A.

Collectingtheinformationoftheman'sworld

B.

ProtectingthecharacterofeachhomeC.

GatheringsacrificesforotherGodsinheaven

D.

Overseeingthemoralpeopleintheworld（3）Whyaremostoftheofferingssweets?A.

BecausetheKitchenGodlovessweetfoods.

B.

Asitisthetraditionalcustoms.C.

AspeoplehopetheGodsaysgoodforthem.

D.

Becausesweetsarethebestsacrifices.（4）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisprobablyTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

LittleNewYearalwaysfallsinFebruary.

B.

HousecleaningistowelcometheNewYear.C.

IntheLittleNewYearonlypaper-cutsarepastedup.

D.

PeoplewillmakefullpreparationsforthecomingNewYear.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹中國LittleNewYear的六種民間習(xí)俗，“小年”也預(yù)示著春季的開始。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“OneofthemostdistinctivetraditionsoftheLittleNewYearistheburningofapaperimageoftheKitchenGod,”可知，小年夜最與眾不同的傳統(tǒng)之一是燒灶神像。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“itisalsoknownastheFestivaloftheKitchenGod,thedeity(神)whooverseesthemoralcharacterofeachhousehold.”可知，灶神在人間的職責(zé)是監(jiān)管各家各戶。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisthoughtthatthiswillsealtheKitchenGod'smouthandencouragehimtoonlysaygoodthingsaboutthefamilywhenheascendstoheaventomakehisreport.”可知，人們用甜品貢灶神是為了讓灶神替他們在天上美言。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“…fallsonFeb8thisyear.”可知A項不正確，根據(jù)第三段中的“Itisbelievedthatinordertoensuretheghostsanddeities'timelydeparturepeoplemustthoroughlyclean…”可知B項不正確，根據(jù)第五段可知C項不正確，根據(jù)最后一段可知D項正確，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Basicinformationaboutthreeclassicalmovies

1ForrestGump

"Stupidisasstupiddoes,"saysForrestGump(playedbyTomHanksinanOscar-winningperformance)ashediscusseshisrelativelevelofintelligencewithastrangerwhilewaitingforabus.Despitehissub-normalIQ,Gumpleadsatrulycharmedlife,witharingsideseatformanyofthemostmemorableeventsofthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury...(Clickheretoshowmore)

Rating:PG-13(Under13requiresaccompanyingparentoradultguardian)

Genre:Comedy,Drama,Romance

DirectedBy:RobertZemeckis

WrittenBy:EricRoth

InTheaters:Jul6,1994Wide

OnDisc/Streaming:Aug28,2001

BoxOffice：$330,000,000

Runtime:142minutes

Studio:ParamountPictures

2RainMan

Self-centered,avariciousCalifornianCharlieBabbitt(TomCruise)isinformedthathislong-estrangedfatherhasdied.ExpectingatleastaportionoftheelderBabbitt's$3millionestate,Charlielearnsthatallhe'sinheritedishisdad'sprizerosesanda1949BuickRoadmaster.Discoveringthatthe$3millionisbeingheldintrustforanunidentifiedparty,CharlieheadstohishometownofCincinnatitoascertainwhothatpartyis…(Clickheretoshowmore)

Rating:R(Under17requiresaccompanyingparentoradultguardian)

Genre:Drama

DirectedBy:BarryLevinson

WrittenBy:RonaldBass,BarryMorrow,DavidRayfiel,BarryLevinson

InTheaters:Dec16,1988Wide

OnDisc/Streaming:Jan1,2000

Runtime:133minutes

Studio:MGM

3TheShawshankRedemption

In1946,abankernamedAndyDufresne(TimRobbins)isconvictedofadoublemurder,eventhoughhestubbornlyproclaimshisinnocence.He'ssentencedtoalifetermattheShawshankStatePrisoninMaine,whereanotherlifer,Ellis"Red"Redding(MorganFreeman),pickshimasthenewrecruitmostlikelytocrackunderthepressure.But...(Clickheretoshowmore)

Rating:R(Under17requiresaccompanyingparentoradultguardian)

Genre:APrisonDrama

DirectedBy:FrankDarabont

WrittenBy:FrankDarabont

InTheaters:Sep10,1994Wide

OnDisc/Streaming:Jan27,1998

Runtime:142minutes

Studio:ColumbiaPictures（1）WhoisthedirectorofRainMan?A.FrankDarabont.B.BarryMorrow.C.BarryLevinsonD.RobertZemeckis.（2）ThetypeofTheShawshankRedemptionis

.A.prisondramaB.romanceC.loveD.comedy（3）Whichofthefollowingpersonsisregardedtobeunintelligentinthethreemovies?A.AndyDufresne.B.CharlieBabbitt.C.ForrestGump.D.RainMan.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了三部經(jīng)典電影的基本情況。這三部電影是《阿甘正傳》、《雨人》和《肖申克的救贖》。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)RainMan部分中的“DirectedBy:BarryLevinson”可知，RainMan的導(dǎo)演是BarryLevinson。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheShawshankRedemption部分中的“Genre:APrisonDrama，”可知，TheShawshankRedemption電影的體裁是APrisonDrama監(jiān)獄劇，故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ForrestGump部分中的"‘Stupidisasstupiddoes,’saysForrestGump...Despitehissub-normalIQ,Gumpleadsatrulycharmedlife.“傻人有傻?！卑⒏剩‵orrestGump）的飾演者湯姆·漢克斯說...。盡管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平，阿甘過著一種真正令人神往的生活?？芍?，阿甘的智力不高，所以不聰明。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解HalfaDay

Iwalkedalongsidemyfather,holdinghisrighthand.Allmyclotheswerenew:theblackshoes,thegreenschooluniform,andtheredcap.Theydidnotmakemehappy,however,asthiswasthedayIwastobethrownintoschoolforthefirsttime.

"Whyschool?"Iaskedmyfather."WhathaveIdone?"

"I'mnotpunishingyou,"hesaid,laughing."School'snotapunishment.It'saplacethatmakesusefulmenoutofboys.Don'tyouwanttobeusefullikeyourbrothers?"

Iwasnotconvinced.Ididnotbelievetherewasreallyanygoodtobehadintearingmeawayfrommyhomeandthrowingmeintothehuge,high-walledbuilding.

Whenwearrivedatthegatewecouldseethecourtyard,vastandfullofboysandgirls."Goinbyyou,"saidmyfather,"andjointhem.Putasmileonyourfaceandbeagoodexampletoothers."

Ihesitatedandsqueezedhishandfirmly,buthegentlypushedmefromhim."Beaman",hesaid."Todayyoutrulybeginlife.Youwillfindmewaitingforyouwhenit'stimetoleave."

Itookafewsteps.Thenthefacesoftheboysandgirlscameintoview.Ididnotknowasingleoneofthem,andnoneofthemknewme.IfeltIwasastrangerwhohadlosthisway.Butthensomeboysbegantoglanceatmeincuriosity,andoneofthemcameoverandasked,"Whobroughtyou?"

"Myfather,"Iwhispered.

"Myfather'sdead,"hesaidsimply.

Ididnotknowwhattosay.Thegatewasnowclosed.Someofthechildrenburstintotears.Thebellrang.Aladycamealongandsaid,"Thisisyournewhome.Therearemothersandfathershere,too.Everythingthatisenjoyableandbeneficialishere.Sodryyourtearsandfacelifejoyfully."

Well,itseemedthatmymisgivingshadhadnobasis.FromthefirstmomentsImademanyfriends.Ihadneverimaginedschoolwouldhavethisrichvarietyofexperiences.（1）Onthewaytoschool,theboyfelt

.A.

happy

B.

embarrassed

C.

upset

D.

excited（2）Aboutschooling,Fathersuggested

.A.

wearingasmile

B.

tearinghimselfawayfromgamesC.

waitingforparents

D.

throwinghimselftostudying（3）

helpedhimmostonthefirstdayatschool.A.

Teachersandclassmates

B.

CourtyardsandbuildingsC.

Fatherandbrother

D.

Newuniformsandshoes（4）Whatwouldprobablyhappennext?A.

Theschoollifewouldturnouttobeafailure.B.

Boysintheschoolwouldwatchhimcuriously.C.

Hewouldopenupanewjourneyofcolorfullife.D.

Hisparentswouldaccompanyhimattheschool.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者第一天去學(xué)校的時候并不開心，但是等他到了學(xué)校之后，他結(jié)交了很多朋友，開始了新的生活。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theydidnotmakemehappy,however,asthiswasthedayIwastobethrownintoschoolforthefirsttime.”可知穿新衣服并沒有讓作者開心，因為他要第一次被扔進(jìn)學(xué)校了；再根據(jù)第四段中的“Ididnotbelievetherewasreallyanygoodtobehadintearingmeawayfrommyhomeandthrowingmeintothehuge,high-walledbuilding.”可知作者不相信將他從家中撕裂并被扔進(jìn)這座巨大的高墻建筑（也就是學(xué)校）中真的有什么好處。綜合可知作者認(rèn)為去學(xué)校不好，去學(xué)校的路上是不開心的，沮喪的，故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"Goinbyyou,"saidmyfather,"andjointhem.Putasmileonyourfaceandbeagoodexampletoothers."可知作者的父親對他說："進(jìn)去吧，加入他們的行列。面帶微笑，成為他人的好榜樣。"也就是作者的父親讓他面帶微笑，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Aladycamealongandsaid,"Thisisyournewhome.…andfacelifejoyfully.”；以及最后一段中的"Well,itseemedthatmymisgivingshadhadnobasis.FromthefirstmomentsImademanyfriends.“可知老師過來對作者他們說了一番話，作者聽了這番話之后覺得之前自己的顧慮是毫無根據(jù)的，打消了顧慮。他一開始就交到了很多朋友。這說明老師幫助作者在學(xué)校的第一天過得很好，他的同學(xué)也和他成為了朋友。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”FromthefirstmomentsImademanyfriends.Ihadneverimaginedschoolwouldhavethisrichvarietyofexperiences.“可知從一開始我就結(jié)交了很多朋友。我從未想象過學(xué)校會有如此豐富的經(jīng)歷。由此推斷之后作者會在學(xué)校開始新的生活，會有豐富的經(jīng)歷，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

TheWomen'sInstituteisurgingsupermarketstodomoretohelpconsumersreducetheirhomefoodwaste,afterasurveyofitsownmembershipshowedwidespreadconfusionabout“bestbefore”and“useby”labeling(標(biāo)簽)onpackaging.

Itsnewanalysisofproductsonsupermarketshelvesfoundthat“once-opened”instructionswereoftencontradictoryandoftenfailedtomakeclearwhethertheywereaguidetofoodsafetyorquality.Only45%of5,000WImemberssurveyedunderstoodthatbest-beforedateswereasignoffoodquality,while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety.

Initsreportonfoodwaste,theWIsaidsupermarketswere“potentiallycontributingtohomefoodwastebyleadingcustomerstobuymorefoodthantheyneed,andgivingconflictingandconfusingon-packinformationthatleavescustomersunsureabouthowlongaproductremainssafetoeatinthehomesetting”.The42reportispartoftheWI'songoingcampaigntoreducefoodwaste.Tounderlinethepointaboutconflictinginformation,itcites(引用)acanofSainsbury'sown-brandsweetcornadvisingconsumerstoeatitwithinonedayofopening,whileasimilartinfromWaitrosegaveconsumerstwodaystofinishit.GreenGiantsweetcorn,however,hasnospecifieddateforeatingonceopened.

MarylynHainesEvans,chairoftheWomen'sInstitute'spublicaffairssaid:“WImembersaresomeofthemoreinformedmembersofsocietyaboutfoodandcookery,buttheyarestillconfusedaboutfoodlabellingand'once-opened'information.Sowewouldlikesupermarketstoextendtheamountoftimethatconsumershavetouseaproductintheirhomesbymakingalloftheironce-openedinstructionsonproductpackagingconsistent,andcompletelyremoveonce-openedinstructionsonproductswherefoodsafetyisnotanissue.”（1）WhatmainlyleadstofoodwasteaccordingtoWI?A.

Poorqualityoffood.

B.

Attractivepackagingofproducts.C.

Competitionamongsupermarkets.

D.

Consumers'confusionabouton-packinformation.（2）Whichofthefollowingcaninformyouoffoodsafety?A.

B.

C.

D.

（3）WhyarethethreesupermarketsmentionedinParagraph3?A.

Toattractmoreconsumers.

B.

Tocomparetheirproducts.C.

Tocommentontheirservice.

D.

TomakeWI'sreportconvincing.（4）WhatdoesEvanssuggestsupermarketsdoaboutreducingfoodwaste?A.

Extendlifeofaproduct.

B.

Turntowell-informedWImembers.C.

Giveconsistentonce-openedinstructions.

D.

Removeinstructionsonproductpackaging.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文主要講述了婦女機(jī)構(gòu)強(qiáng)烈建議超市采取幫助消費(fèi)者減少食物浪費(fèi)的措施，比如延長消費(fèi)者在家中使用產(chǎn)品的時間，使他們所有曾經(jīng)打開的關(guān)于產(chǎn)品包裝的說明一致。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Only45%of5,000WImemberssurveyedunderstoodthatbest-beforedateswereasignoffoodquality,while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety."可知，消費(fèi)者對于食品包裝上信息的混淆是導(dǎo)致食物浪費(fèi)的原因。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"while26%didnotunderstandthatthemoreimportantuse-bydateswereadecisiveguidetofoodsafety."可知，useby信息才是食品安全的決定性指導(dǎo)因素。故選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Tounderlinethepointaboutconflictinginformation,itcites(引用)acanofSainsbury'sown-brandsweetcorn"可知，引用超市的例子是為了更好的說明這一問題，即使文章更具說服力。故選D。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"wewouldlikesupermarketstoextendtheamountoftimethatconsumershavetouseaproductintheirhomesbymakingalloftheironce-openedinstructionsonproductpackagingconsistent,"可知，為了減少食物浪費(fèi)，超市可通過使包裝帶上的信息一致來達(dá)到這一目的。故選C。5．閱讀理解

Watchingwoodendollscometolifemaynotbeoneofthemostpopularformsofentertainmenttoday,butwithovertwentyyears'experience,talentedpuppeteer(木偶表演者)PeterRobertshasearnedhimselfthetitle“masterpuppeteer”becauseofhisgreatabilitytoturnpuppetsintobelievable,almostlivingcharacters.“PeoplearequiteoftensurprisedtohearwhatIdoforlivingandhavelittleappreciationofpuppyasaformofentertainment.Butwhiletheexactoriginsofpuppettheatreareunknown,ithasbeenpopularinmanyculturesandmayhavebeentheveryfirstkindoftheatre,”heexplains.

Roberts'showsarehighlyoriginal.“Apuppetshowcaninvolveanythingfromclowning(傻逗)tostorytelling,”hesays,Equallydiversearetheaudiencesheperformsfor.“Someareattractedbythepuppetsthemselves,whileothersenjoythedialogue.”Robertsbelievesthatthisformofentertainmentcanbeappreciatedbypeopleofallagesandcultures.

Roberts'interestinpuppetsstartedwhenhereceivedsomebeautifulglovepuppetsoneChristmas.HestartedputtingonshowswiththeseforfamilyandfriendsandthenmovedontohandmadeChinesestringpuppets.Learningmostlyfrombooksandpersonalexperience,heexplains,“Iwasalreadyspendingmostofmyfreetimecarvingpuppetsandputtingonshows,soIhardlynoticedthechangefromstudentstofull-timeprofessionalpuppeteer.”

Thepuppetsaredesignedspecificallyforeachshow,whichisextremelytimeconsuming.AccordingtoRoberts,“Sometimeswhatyouexpectandwhatyouactuallycreateintheendaretwoverydifferentthings.I'vemadesomeofmybestpuppets'accidentally'.”

Whenmostpeopleheartheword“puppetry”,theymorethanlikelythinkofawayofkeepingchildrenentertainedatbirthdayparties.Certainlythesubjectmatterwillbeexpectedtobelight-heartedratherthanserious.However,Robertswantstopointoutthatpuppetscomeseriousmessagessometimes.”hesays.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutpuppetryinthefirstparagraph?A.

Itisamostpopularformofentertainment.

B.

Itcannotgivepeoplepleasureanymore.C.

ItwasfirstbroughttolifebyPeterRoberts.

D.

Itsvalueasanartformisnotfullyrecognized.（2）InRoberts'eyes,hispuppetshows

.A.

usuallyattractpeoplefullofhumor

B.

aremostsomethingforoldagedaudienceC.

displaysomethingmeaningfulfordifferentpeople

D.

involvehardworkandgreatintelligence（3）Robertsdevelopedaninterestinpuppetsbecauseof

.A.

thepuppetshowbooks

B.

hisuniversitymajorC.

aChristmasgift

D.

someChinesestringpuppets（4）WhatdoesRobertswantpeopletothinkofpuppettheatre?A.

Itisjustakindofentertainmentforkids.

B.

Itcanbeeducationalaswellasentertaining.C.

Itisonlyakindofseriousartform.

D.

Itshouldbekeptlight-hearted.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文為夾敘夾議。本文講述了雖然木偶表演栩栩如生，但已不是當(dāng)今一種最流行的娛樂形式。享用盛名的木偶大師羅伯特卻讓自己的木偶表演極具獨創(chuàng)性。他讓木偶表演不僅具有觀賞性也有一定的教育意義。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“PeoplearequiteoftensurprisedtohearwhatIdoforlivingandhavelittleappreciationofpuppyasaformofentertainment”可知，人們很少把木偶表演看作是一種娛樂形式來欣賞。分析選項可知D項（它作為一種藝術(shù)形式?jīng)]有被充分認(rèn)可）符合題意，故答案選D項。（3）推理判斷題。第二段內(nèi)容說羅伯特的木偶戲涉及任何東西，從扮小丑逗樂到到講故事，”他給各種各樣不同的觀眾表演?！坝行┤吮荒九急旧砦?，而另一些人喜歡木偶表演中的對話?！绷_伯特認(rèn)為這種形式的娛樂可以被各個年齡段和文化的人所欣賞。由此可判斷，羅伯特的木偶戲為不同的人展示一些有意義的東西。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故答案選C項。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Certainlythesubjectmatterwillbeexpectedtobelight-heartedratherthanserious.However,Robertswantstopointoutthatpuppetscomeseriousmessagessometimes.”木偶表演的主題更多的是輕松愉快的而不是嚴(yán)肅的。然而，羅伯特指出木偶表演有時也傳遞一些嚴(yán)肅的東西。由此可推斷出，木偶表演既是一種娛樂也有一定的教育性。故答案選B。（4）此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解中的一一對應(yīng)型。答案與題目在表達(dá)形式和意義上直接吻合，一一對應(yīng)，一目了然。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Roberts'interestinpuppetsstartedwhenhereceivedsomebeautifulglovepuppetsoneChristmas.”羅伯特對木偶的興趣始于圣誕節(jié)時他收到了一些漂亮的手套木偶。故選C?！军c評】夾敘夾議閱讀理解：（1）先敘述自己的某一個生活經(jīng)歷或見聞，然后真對這一事件發(fā)表自己對生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。（2）作者先提出一種觀點或看法。然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例加以說明，有時也可能用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面來說明。（3）提出一種觀點或見解，然后用某一事例來闡述這一觀點，最后再進(jìn)一步的總結(jié)和升華。抓住作者要說明的觀點或要闡述的生活哲理是做好這一類型題目的關(guān)鍵，而作者敘述所發(fā)生的事件或生活經(jīng)歷只是為表達(dá)其思想服務(wù)的。6．閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyoutoldsomeonetheyinspireyoutogotoworkeachmorning?

TeachersatOakParkHighSchoolinKansasCity,Missouri,didjustthatthisSeptember,whentheypulledindividualstudentsoutofclasstotellthemjusthowmuchtheyappreciatedthem.

Thestudents'reactions,whichwerecaptured(捕捉)onvideoandsharedonYouTubeinanow-viralvideo,rangedfromshythankstohugsandtears.

“Ihavebeenchallengedtofindastudentwhomakesmewanttocometoschooleveryday,”saysoneteacherinthevideo,“andthat'syou.”

JamieMcSparin,ateacherinchargeoftheschool'sacademyprogramforat-risksophomores（二年級學(xué)生）andjuniors,posedthechallenge,writesABCNews.

“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout,theyallthoughttheywereintrouble,”McSparintoldABCNews.“Anyteacher-studentinteractionalwaysseemstobenegative(消極的),andthatwassomethingthatbotheredme,too.Nomatterifthey'reagoodkidoratroublemakeroranything,theyalwaysthoughttheywereintrouble,”shesays.

McSparinsaysshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalledthepowerofpositivity.

“Iliketheideaoflettingstudentsknowtheyareappreciated,becausewedoappreciatethem,Ijustdon'tthinkwesayitenough,”shetoldlocalnewsoutletWDAF-TV.

It'ssafetosaythechallengewaseffective.

“Ifeelspecial,”saidoneoftheboysinthevideo.“Youshould,”saidhisteacher.“Youarespecial.”（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“posed”inParagraph5mean?A.

Presented.

B.

Rejected.

C.

Ignored.

D.

Evaluated.（2）Howdidthestudentsprobablyfeelwhenpulledoutoftheclassroomatfirst?A.

Nervous.

B.

Thrilled.

C.

Curious.

D.

Encouraged.（3）WhatinspiredMcSparintochallengetheproject?A.

Thetroublecausedbystudents.

B.

Theneedofshootingthevideo.C.

Aseminarnamedthepowerofpositivity.

D.

Aprogramrelatedtostudents'interactions.（4）Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?A.

Challengeisunavoidableinlife.

B.

Everyoneneedstobeappreciated.C.

Positivityoutweighsnegativity.

D.

Newsmediacontributetostudents'progress.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本篇是教育類說明文。主要講述了在橡樹公園高中，老師讓同學(xué)走出教室，告訴學(xué)生老師都很欣賞他們。結(jié)果同學(xué)們感到他們每個人都很特別。（1）考查詞義猜測題。根據(jù)JamieMcSparin,ateacherinchargeoftheschool'sacademyprogramforat-risksophomores（二年級學(xué)生）andjuniors,posedthechallenge,writesABCNews.可以猜測出，posed為“出席，參加”之意。故答案選A。（2）考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout,theyallthoughttheywereintrouble當(dāng)?shù)谝淮巫叱鼋淌視r，孩子們都認(rèn)為他們有麻煩了。從而可以推斷出，學(xué)生們都感到緊張。故答案選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段McSparinsaysshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalledthepowerofpositivity.可知，McSparin是參加專業(yè)發(fā)展研討會之后有了啟發(fā)。故答案選C。（4）考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段Iliketheideaoflettingstudentsknowtheyareappreciated,becausewedoappreciatethem,Ijustdon'tthinkwesayitenough及最后兩段內(nèi)容可以推斷，每個人都需要被欣賞。故答案選B?！军c評】推理判斷題不僅要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當(dāng)成作者的觀點。7．閱讀理解

Weighingtoomuchcandamageyourhealth,andobesityisagrowingproblemforbothkidsandadultsaroundtheworld.Sleepmightbeoneanswertotheproblem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatelementaryschoolstudentswhoslepttoolittleweremorelikelytogainpounds.

Paststudieshaveshownalinkbetweensleepinglessandweighingmore,butscientistshavehadatoughtimedetermining"whichcamefirst,thechickenortheegg,"saysJulieC.LumengoftheuniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Inotherwords,ithasn'tbeenclearwhetherkidswhoweightoomuchhavetroublesleeping,orwhethersleepinglessleadstoweightgain.Bothscenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況)seemedequallypossible.

Togetabetterideaofwhichcauseswhich,Lumengandhercolleaguesinterviewedtheparentsof785thirdgradersfromaroundtheUnitedStates.Theparentsansweredquestionsabouthowwelltheirkidssleptthatyear.Threeyearslater,theparentsansweredthesamequestions.Bysixthgrade,18percentofkidsinvolvedinthestudywereobese.

Thescientistsfoundnorelationshipbetweenweightandthestudents'raceorgender.Italsodidn'tmatterhowstricttheirparentswere,orwhethertheywereboysorgirls.Obesitystruckallofthesegroupsequally.Instead,sleepseemedtobethekeyfactor.Overthethreeyearsofstudy,thechildrenaveragedahealthy9.5hoursofsleepanight.Somekids,however,sleptalotmoreorlessthanothers.

Forthesixthgraders,everyhourofsleepabovethe9.5houraveragewaslinkedtoa20percentlowerriskofbeingobese.Sleepappeareddoublyimportantforthethirdgraders.Everyextrahourofsleeptheygotwaslinkedtoa40percentdropinobesity.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceonparagraph2imply?A.

Scientistshavefoundtheexactcausesofchildren'sobesity.

B.

ThereisalwayssomethingdifficulttounderstandthroughtheoryC.

Thecause–effectrelationshipbetweenweightandsleepisn'tclear.

D.

Aperson'sweighthassomethingtodowiththeamountofhissleep.（2）Whatdidtheinterviewfindout?A.

9.5hoursofsleepanightisenoughforchildren.

B.

Themoreachildsleeps,thehealthierhewillbe.C.

Sixthgradersneedmuchmoresleepthanthirdgraders.

D.

One'sraceorgenderhasnothingtodowithhisweight.（3）Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.

Bylistingfigures

B.

BycomparingdifferentopinionsC.

Byprovidingexamples

D.

Byconductingasurvey（4）Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.

Thebenefitsofenoughsleepforchildren

B.

SleepinglessincreasestheriskofobesityC.

Whichcomesfirst,littlesleeporobesity

D.

Howmanyhoursofsleepdochildrenneed?【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠過少的小學(xué)生更容易發(fā)胖。（1）考查句義猜測。劃線句表示的字面意思是“先有雞還是先有蛋”，結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容可知，文章引用這句話是為了表明“是睡眠少導(dǎo)致了肥胖還是肥胖導(dǎo)致了睡眠少”這個問題還沒有定論。第二段中的“Inotherwords,ithasn'tbeenclearwhetherkidswhoweightoomuchhavetroublesleeping,orwhethersleepinglessleadstoweightgain.Bothscenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況)seemedequallypossible.”是解題的關(guān)鍵提示信息。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thescientistsfoundnorelationshipbetweenweightandthestudents'raceorgender.”可知，面試的結(jié)果是一個人的種族或性別與他的體重沒有任何關(guān)系。故選D。（3）考查寫作手法。本文介紹了一項研究，并列舉了很多同該研究相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Anewstudyhasfoundthatelementaryschoolstudentswhoslepttoolittleweremorelikelytogainpounds.”可知，本文主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠少會增加肥胖的概率。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測，寫作手法和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解ClimbingWithoutRopes

Thepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It'smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.Whyboulder??improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbas