目錄Lecture1IntroductionLecture2LanguageVariationandLanguageChangeLecture3SpeechCommunitiesLecture4MultilingualSocietiesandMultilingualDiscourseLecture5Solidarity,Power,andPolitenessLecture6VariationStudiesandMethodsLecture7EthnographicApproachesinSociolinguisticsLecture8SociolinguisticsandEducationLecture9SociolinguisticsandtheLegalProfessionLecture10SociolinguisticsandtheMedicalProfessionLecture1Introduction1/15單選題(1分)______Analysisdealswithconversationalstructureandhowspeakersuselanguagefortheirsocialpurposes,forexample,howwebeginandendconversationsandhowthisisdependentontherelationshipbetweeninterlocutors.DiscourseCriticaldiscourseTextConversation答案：D2/15單選題(1分)Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguage_____amongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.variationchangesystemcontext答案：A3/15單選題(1分)Correlationalsociolinguistics,representedby_____,produceswide-scaledistributionalaccountsofspecificlinguisticvariables.LabovFishmanGumperzHymes答案：A4/15單選題(1分)The“sociologyoflanguage”program,representedby_____,examinestheinteractionbetweenlanguageuseandthesocialorganizationofbehavior.LabovFishmanFasoldHudson答案：B5/15單選題(1分)Sociolinguisticsstudiesthepatternsofthesocialinteractionsofthegroupswhicharecalled______insociolinguistics.speechcommunitiessocialgroupssocialcommunitiesspeechgroups答案：A6/15判斷題(1分)Variabilityisoneofthemostdefinitivesocialpropertiesoflanguage,thatis,thevariousrealizationsondifferentlevelsoflanguage.答案：√7/15判斷題(1分)StructuralLinguisticsmainlyfocusesonthegenerativegrammar:allsentencesofformalandnaturallanguagescanbeproducedbytheapplicationoftherulesofit.答案：×8/15判斷題(1分)Generativelinguisticsinsiststhatlanguagesysteminsteadofhistoricallanguagechangeshouldbethefocusoflinguisticsandthusshouldbegivenprimaryconcern.答案：×9/15判斷題(1分)Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety,whereasthesociologyoflanguageisthestudyofsocietyinrelationtolanguage.答案：√10/15判斷題(1分)Correlationmeanstherelationshipbetweenlanguageuseandlanguageusers,ortherelationshipbetweenthelinguisticvariablesandthebiologicalvariables.答案：×11/15判斷題(1分)Sociolinguisticsisonlyinterestedinthelarge-scalesocialinteractions.答案：×12/15判斷題(1分)FavoritetopicsinInteractionalSociolinguisticsareonlyrestrictedtoinstitutionalsettings.答案：×13/15判斷題(1分)“Communicativecompetence”referstotheabilityofapplyingthegrammaticalrulesofalanguagetoformgrammaticallycorrectsentencesandtheabilityofknowingwhenandwheretousethesesentencesandtowhom.答案：√14/15判斷題(1分)Macro-sociolinguisticsstudiesareconcernedwithlanguagechoiceinbilingualormultilingualcommunities,languageplanning,andlanguageattitudes.答案：√15/15判斷題(1分)Thefatherofmodernlinguistics,Chomsky,hasalreadyrecognizedthatlanguageisa“socialfact”.答案：×Lecture2LanguageVariationandLanguageChange1/15單選題(1分)Creoleistheresultofmixingwhichissubstantialenoughtoresultinanewlanguagesystem,asystemthatisseparatefromitsantecedentparentsystems.Thisnewsystembecomesthe______ofagroupofpeople.officiallanguagemothertonguestandardlanguagedialect答案：B2/15單選題(1分)Idiolectisthespeechcharacteristicsandlinguisticbehaviorofindividuals.Thispersonalmannerofexpressionis,tovaryingdegrees,apparentinanindividual’s________,activevocabulary,andsyntax.emotiondictionpronunciationintonation答案：C3/15單選題(1分)A_______isalanguagewhichisusedhabituallybypeoplewhosemothertonguesaredifferentinordertofacilitatecommunicationbetweenthem.officiallanguagedialectcodelinguafranca答案：D4/15單選題(1分)Apidginarisesinsituationswherespeakersofdifferentlanguagesareunabletounderstandeachother’s_____languageand,therefore,needtodevelopacommonmeansofcommunication.non-standardstandardofficialnative答案：D5/15單選題(1分)Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits__________.vocabularystructureaccentstyle答案：C6/15判斷題(1分)Theterm"register"insociolinguisticsrefersto"varietiesaccordingtouse",incontrastwithdialects,definedas"varietiesaccordingtouser".答案：√7/15判斷題(1分)Languagechangeiseitherinternallymotivatedorexternallymotivated.答案：√8/15判斷題(1分)Themajordifferencebetweenapidginandacreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn’t.答案：×9/15判斷題(1分)Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.答案：×10/15判斷題(1分)Large-scalesocialpatterningofvariationandchangereferstothecorrelationbetweenlanguagevariationandsocialcategories.答案：√11/15判斷題(1分)Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.答案：√12/15判斷題(1分)Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.答案：×13/15判斷題(1分)Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.答案：√14/15判斷題(1分)Dialectscanbedefinedas“varietiesaccordingtouser”.答案：√15/15判斷題(1分)Themapofdialectsisthesameasthegeoraphicalmap,becauselanguageisclearlycutbythegeographicalboundary.答案：×Lecture3SpeechCommunities1/15單選題(1分)Aspeechcommunityisagroupofpeoplewhointeractregularly.Suchgroupsare______.notmovingdynamicharmoniousnotchanging答案：B2/15單選題(1分)“Community-as-practice”meanshowpeople______theiridentitiesinunions,trades,classrooms,after-classactivities,andmarriages,etc.showconstructproverecognize答案：B3/15單選題(1分)Sociolinguistsviewaspeechcommunityas______,whichdiffersfromChomsky’sidealspeechcommunity.heterogeneoushomogeneousstaticsame答案：A4/15單選題(1分)_________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.RegionalvariationEmotionalvariationSocialvariationStylisticvariation答案：D5/15單選題(1分)Speech/linguisticrepertoirereferstotherangeoflinguistic_____whichthespeakerhasathisorherdisposalandwhichheorshemayappropriatelyuseasamemberofthespeechcommunity.wordsvariablestermsvarieties答案：D6/15判斷題(1分)Thevirtualspeechcommunitiesaredifferentfromrealspeechcommunitiesandareaccordinglynotpossibletobestudied.答案：×7/15判斷題(1分)Anindividual’sidentityasaman/womanissocializedinalongprocessandthuswillkeepconsistentinallsituations.答案：×8/15判斷題(1分)Thedistributionalapproachtospeechcommunityisdealingwiththelarge-scalesituationalstudies.答案：√9/15判斷題(1分)Sociolinguistsagreethatitisdifficulttodefineaspeechcommunity.答案：√10/15判斷題(1分)Labov’sspeechcommunityisdefinedbymarkedagreementintheuseoflanguageelements.答案：×11/15判斷題(1分)Quantitativesociolinguisticsfocusesonthespeechcommunity.答案：√12/15判斷題(1分)Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageusewithinoramonggroupsofspeakers.答案：√13/15判斷題(1分)Thestudiesofcommunitiesofpracticeattempttoexplainthedynamicidentityconstructionprocessesoflanguageusers.答案：√14/15判斷題(1分)Arecognizablesinglespeechcommunitycanemployonlyonelanguage.答案：×15/15判斷題(1分)Chomskyproposeshisidealspeechcommunityas“completelyhomogeneous”,whilesociolinguistsviewaspeechcommunityasheterogeneous.答案：√Lecture4MultilingualSocietiesandMultilingualDiscourse1/15單選題(1分)_______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.PsycholinguisticsSociolinguisticsAppliedlinguisticsGenerallinguistics答案：B2/15單選題(1分)_________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernment,chooseaparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.A.LanguageinterferenceB.LanguagechangeC.LanguageplanningD.Languagetransferlanguageinferencelanguagechangelanguageplanninglanguagetransfer答案：C3/15單選題(1分)Whentwolanguagesorlanguagevarieties,especiallyaH-varietyandaL-variety,existsidebysideinacommunityandeachisusedfordifferentpurposes,itiscalled_______.code-switchingcode-mixingdiglossiabilingualism答案：C4/15單選題(1分)Languagevariationmayberelatedto_____,tosocialclassortoeducationalbackground.regioncountrytownvillage答案：A5/15單選題(1分)Hypercorrectionoccurswhenindividualsconsciouslytrytospeaklikepeopletheyregardassocially______butactuallygotoofarandoverdotheparticularlinguisticbehaviortheyareattemptingtomatch.superiorinferiornormalattractive答案：A6/15判斷題(1分)Situationalcode-switchingispredictable,metaphoricalcode-switchingisnotalwayspredictablebutisalwaysinterpretable.答案：√7/15判斷題(1分)Diglossiaisarelativelystablelanguagesituation.答案：√8/15判斷題(1分)Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.答案：×9/15判斷題(1分)Individualchoicesofspeechvarietyarearbitrary.答案：×10/15判斷題(1分)Inwritingoneletterapersonmightstart,“Iamwritingtoinformyouthat…”,butinwritinganotherhemightwrite,“Ijustwantedtoletyouknowthat….”Suchexamplesindicatedifferencesindialect.答案：×11/15判斷題(1分)Thechoicesofvarietiesofonelanguagearenotsociallymotivated.答案：×12/15判斷題(1分)Diglossiaresearchhasrevealedthatlanguagescoexistinginonesocietyarenotequal.答案：√13/15判斷題(1分)Thehighvariety(orH-variety)isusuallymorestandardized,andisusedinfamilyconversationsandotherrelativelyinformalsettings.答案：×14/15判斷題(1分)Thefocusofmultiligualismishowindividualspeakersorspeechcommunitiesmaketheirlanguagechoicesindailyconversations.答案：√15/15判斷題(1分)Bothelitebilingualismandbilingualismofimmigrantsorlinguisticminoritymembersareviewedasapositivephenomenon.答案：×Lecture5Solidarity,Power,andPoliteness1/15單選題(1分)Praisingaperson'shairstyleisanexampleofusing______politenessstrategytowardsthelistener.goodbadpositivenagative答案：C2/15單選題(1分)Politenessreferstorecognitionofother’srightsinasocialsituation.Itisusedsometimestoachieve_______.powersolidaritysupportcourage答案：B3/15單選題(1分)Inconversation,therolesofspeakersandlistenersare_______.predeterminedarrangedstaticdynamic答案：D4/15單選題(1分)Insociolinguistics,______referstosupportandunityresultingfromcommoninterestsorfeelingsincommunication,andfeelingsofsharedexperienceandcommongroupmembership.supportsolidarityharmonycomfort答案：B5/15單選題(1分)Insociolinguistics,_______referstounequalinterpersonalrelationshipinconversation,suchastheconversationsbetweenbossandclerk,teacherandstudent,orparentandchild.powerstrengthcompetitionconflict答案：A6/15判斷題(1分)Ifalanguagehasonlyonesecondpersonpronounform,e.g.Englishyou,thespeakersofthelanguagedonotneedtouseaddressformstoshowformalityorinformality.答案：×7/15判斷題(1分)DuringaparticularmeetingMsSmith'sfacemightbe"sophisticated,intelligent,witty,andeducatedperson".Ifthisimageisnotacceptedbytheotherparticipants,herpositivefaceisthreatened.答案：√8/15判斷題(1分)Negativepolitenessstrategiesshowthecloseness,intimacy,andrapportbetweentspeakerandhearer.答案：×9/15判斷題(1分)Positivepolitenessleadstodeference,apologizing,indirectness,andformalityinlanguageuse.答案：×10/15判斷題(1分)InChina,theuseoftongzhihightlightsthecomplexsystemofaddressterms.答案：√11/15判斷題(1分)Addresstermsarelinguisticmarkersofsocialrelationships.答案：√12/15判斷題(1分)Socialfactorslikethesocialstatus,family,sex,age,relationship,occupationalhierarchy,andtransactionalstatuswouldinfluenceourchoicesofaddressterms.答案：√13/15判斷題(1分)Socialrelationshipistheonlyonetypeoftheinfluencingfactors.Itcandeterminespeakers’languagechoice.答案：×14/15判斷題(1分)Ourchoiceofwordscanshowwhetherweseethepersonaddressedasasuperior,aninferiororanequal.答案：√15/15判斷題(1分)Inasociolinguisticmodelofbothformalandinformalinteractions,powerismoreimportantthansolidarity,becauseithasmoreconsequencesforlanguage.答案：×Lecture6VariationStudiesandMethods1/15單選題(1分)Sociolinguistsusetheword______asacovertermtorefertoanykindofsystemthattwoormorepeopleemployforcommunication.languagevarietydialectcode答案：D2/15單選題(1分)Thespeakersofa______usuallyshareasimilarsocioeconomicand/oreducationalbackground,whichmaybeclassedashighinstatusorlowinstatus.socialdialectregionaldialectstandardlanguagenon-standardlanguage答案：A3/15單選題(1分)Speech______referstotherangeoflinguisticvarietieswhichthespeakerhasathisorherdisposalandwhichheorshemayappropriatelyuseasamemberofthespeechcommunity.abilitycompetencerepertoirecapacity答案：C4/15單選題(1分)Observer’s________referstothechallengesociolinguistswouldfacewhiledoingfieldwork.Itmeanstheaimoflinguisticresearchinthecommunitymustbetofindouthowpeopletalkwhentheyarenotbeingsystematicallyobserved;yetwecanonlyobtainthisdatabysystematicobservation.paradoxpuzzledifficultytrouble答案：A5/15單選題(1分)Covariationreferstovariationinlanguagetovariationin______andsituationalcontextsofspeech.culturesocietyemotionattitude答案：B6/15判斷題(1分)ThetwoutterancesShedoesn’thaveanysenseandSheain’tgotnosensearestylisticallydifferent.答案：√7/15判斷題(1分)Inanetworkallmembershaveequalstatus答案：×8/15判斷題(1分)Sociolectisavarietyoflanguage(adialect)usedbypeoplebelongingtoaparticularsocialclass.Thesociolectwiththehigheststatusinacountryisoftenthestandardvariety.答案：√9/15判斷題(1分)Theterm‘sociolinguistics’issometimesusedexclusivelytorefertothevariationistorquantitativeparadigm.答案：√10/15判斷題(1分)Networkanalysisaccountsforthehierarchicalstructureofsociety,whereasstatusanalysisdealswiththedimensionofsolidarityattheleveloftheindividualandhisorhereverydaycontacts.答案：×11/15判斷題(1分)Adensenetworkisanetworkinwhichthepeopleyouknowandinteractwithalsoknowandinteractwitheachother.答案：√12/15判斷題(1分)WilliamLabovisregardedasthefounderofquantitativesociolinguistics.答案：√13/15判斷題(1分)Socialstatusanalysisandsocialnetworkanalysisaredifferentapproachesandtheyarecontradictory.答案：×14/15判斷題(1分)Socio-economicbackground,education,age,orsexofthespeakercanbecalled“socialvariables”incontrastwithlinguisticvariables.答案：√15/15判斷題(1分)Alinguisticitemhasvariousforms.Theseformsarecalledits“variants”.答案：√Lecture7EthnographicApproachesinSociolinguistics1/15單選題(1分)Interactionalsociolinguistics,with_____asitsfounder,searchesformethodsofqualitativeanalysisthataccountsforourabilitytointerpretwhatparticipantsintendtoconveycommunicativepractice.HymesLabovFasoldGumperz答案：D2/15單選題(1分)Labovianmethodsincludeinterview,subjectivereactiontests,_____anonymousobservation,audio-recordingofthespeechetc.fastrapidqualitativequantitative答案：B3/15單選題(1分)Inanalyzingdoctor-patientinteractionsduringthemedicalinterviews,_____willputmoreemphasisontheinjusticebetweendoctorandpatientthanjustrecognizetheunequalrelationship.conversationanalysisdiscourseanalysiscriticaldiscourseanalysistextualanalysis答案：C4/15單選題(1分)EthnographicFrameworkorSPEAKINGformula,proposedby______,isaverynecessaryreminderthattalkisacomplexactivityandthatanyparticularbitoftalkisactuallyapieceof‘skilledwork.’HymesLabovChomskyFasold答案：A5/15單選題(1分)Communicative______referstotheabilitynotonlytoapplythegrammaticalrulesofalanguageinordertoformgrammaticallycorrectsentencesbutalsotoknowwhenandwheretousethesesentencesandtowhom.Abilityinabilitycompetenceincompetence答案：C6/15判斷題(1分)Communicativeincompetencewasusedtoimplythatthespeakerlacksawiderangeofknowledgeaboutwhentospeak,howtospeak,orwhattospeakabout.答案：√7/15判斷題(1分)Adjacencypairreferstoasequenceoftworelatedutterancesbytwospeakers,e.g.greeting-greeting,question-answer,andcomplaint-apology.答案：√8/15判斷題(1分)Inconversation,therolesofspeakerandlistenerarepredetermined.Thus,therulesforturn-takingareusuallythesameinthesamespeechcommunity.答案：×9/15判斷題(1分)Criticaldiscourseanalysismainlyaddressessocoaldiscriminationorinjustice.答案：√10/15判斷題(1分)Interactionalsociolinguisticsstressesonthemeaningnegotiationbetweenspeakers.答案：√11/15判斷題(1分)Conversationanalysisisanareaofempiricalresearchdevelopedfromethnomethodology答案：√12/15判斷題(1分)ContextualizationisintroducedbyHymestorefertothesharedconstructionofcontextbytheparticipantsinthecourseoftheirinteraction.答案：×13/15判斷題(1分)Ethnomethodologyinvestigatestheactivitieswherebymembersofasocioculturalcommunityproduceandmanagesettingsfortheireverydaylives.答案：√14/15判斷題(1分)Labovistheacknowledged"father"ofEthnographyofCommunication.答案：×15/15判斷題(1分)Speechacttheory,pragmatics,conversationanalysis,variationstudies,interactionalsociolinguisticsareallinterestedincommunication.答案：√Lecture8SociolinguisticsandEducation1/5判斷題(1分)Somelanguagevarietiesareconsideredasbetterthanothersbecausetheysoundbeautiful.答案：×2/5判斷題(1分)LearningEnglishinthismodernworldenablespeopletoknowmoreaboutEnglishcultureandthusopensanotherdoortotheworld.答案：√3/5判斷題(1分)Aqualifiedlanguageteacherisexpectedtocultivatelanguagelearners’moralvalueandcultivatetheircriticalthinkingabilities,inadditiontoimpartingknowledgeandtraininglanguageskill.答案：√4/5判斷題(1分)SpeakingastandardlanguagevarietylikeMandarinmayprovidethespeakerswithmoreopportunitiesinjobhunting.答案：√5/5判斷