在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)體系中，傳遞他人話語(yǔ)的方式主要分為直接引語(yǔ)（DirectSpeech）與間接引語(yǔ)（IndirectSpeech，又稱ReportedSpeech）兩種。前者側(cè)重“原封不動(dòng)”地引用說話者的內(nèi)容，后者則需將話語(yǔ)“轉(zhuǎn)述”為符合語(yǔ)境邏輯的表達(dá)。掌握二者的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則，是提升英語(yǔ)表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確性與靈活性的關(guān)鍵，尤其在敘事、學(xué)術(shù)引用、日常交流中應(yīng)用廣泛。一、概念與核心差異直接引語(yǔ)是對(duì)說話者原話的逐字記錄，需用引號(hào)（“”）標(biāo)注，保留原句的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示詞與句式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：*Shesaid,“Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.”*間接引語(yǔ)則是對(duì)原話的“轉(zhuǎn)述”，需將引語(yǔ)整合為賓語(yǔ)從句（或不定式結(jié)構(gòu)），融入主句的語(yǔ)境邏輯，因此需調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示詞等要素，且無需引號(hào)。例如：*Shesaid(that)shewouldgotoschoolthenextday.*二、轉(zhuǎn)換的核心規(guī)則（一）人稱的邏輯調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)，需根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述者的視角重新定義引語(yǔ)中的人稱代詞，遵循“一隨主、二隨賓、三不變”的邏輯：第一人稱（I/we）隨主句主語(yǔ)變化：*Hesaid,“Iamhungry.”*→*Hesaid(that)hewashungry.*第二人稱（you）隨主句賓語(yǔ)變化：*Shesaidtome,“Youshouldstudyhard.”*→*Shetoldme(that)Ishouldstudyhard.*第三人稱（he/she/they等）保持不變：*Tomsaid,“Maryislate.”*→*Tomsaid(that)Marywaslate.*（二）時(shí)態(tài)的“倒推”原則若主句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)（如said/told等），間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)需“倒推”一級(jí)（客觀真理、永恒事實(shí)除外）：直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)示例--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)*Hesays,“Ilikecoffee.”*（主句現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變）→*Hesays(that)helikescoffee.*

*Hesaid,“Ilikecoffee.”*→*Hesaid(that)helikedcoffee.*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)*Shesaid,“Iamworking.”*→*Shesaid(that)shewasworking.*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)*Theysaid,“Wehavefinishedthetask.”*→*Theysaid(that)theyhadfinishedthetask.*一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)*Hesaid,“Imetheryesterday.”*→*Hesaid(that)hehadmetherthedaybefore.*一般將來時(shí)（will）過去將來時(shí)（would）*Shesaid,“Iwillcallyou.”*→*Shesaid(that)shewouldcallhim.**例外情況*：若直接引語(yǔ)描述客觀真理、自然規(guī)律、永恒事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)無需變化：*Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”*→*Theteachersaid(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.*（三）指示詞與時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換為適配轉(zhuǎn)述語(yǔ)境，需調(diào)整具有“指向性”的詞匯：直接引語(yǔ)詞匯間接引語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)詞匯示例------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------thisthat*Hesaid,“Thisbookismine.”*→*Hesaid(that)thatbookwashis.*thesethose*Shesaid,“Theseflowersarebeautiful.”*→*Shesaid(that)thoseflowerswerebeautiful.*herethere*Hesaid,“Ilivehere.”*→*Hesaid(that)helivedthere.*nowthen*Shesaid,“Iambusynow.”*→*Shesaid(that)shewasbusythen.*todaythatday*Hesaid,“Iwillleavetoday.”*→*Hesaid(that)hewouldleavethatday.*yesterdaythedaybefore*Shesaid,“Isawhimyesterday.”*→*Shesaid(that)shehadseenhimthedaybefore.*（四）句式的轉(zhuǎn)換邏輯不同句式的直接引語(yǔ)，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)需調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)：1.陳述句→賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)由*that*引導(dǎo)（*that*可省略），并調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)、人稱等：*Hesaid,“Iamhappy.”*→*Hesaid(that)hewashappy.*2.一般疑問句→if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)需用*if*或*whether*引導(dǎo)，且從句為陳述語(yǔ)序，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱等需調(diào)整：*Sheasked,“Doyoulikemusic?”*→*Sheasked(me)if/whetherIlikedmusic.*3.特殊疑問句→疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問句時(shí)，保留疑問詞（what/when/where等）引導(dǎo)從句，且從句為陳述語(yǔ)序：*Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”*→*Heasked(me)whereIlived.*4.祈使句→不定式結(jié)構(gòu)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)需轉(zhuǎn)換為*ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.*的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定祈使句：*Shesaid,“Openthedoor.”*→*Shetoldmetoopenthedoor.*否定祈使句：*Hesaid,“Don’ttouchit.”*→*Hetoldmenottotouchit.*5.感嘆句→that引導(dǎo)的從句（調(diào)整語(yǔ)氣詞）直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)用*that*引導(dǎo)，需將感嘆語(yǔ)氣轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述語(yǔ)氣（保留情感色彩）：*Shesaid,“Whatabeautifulday!”*→*Shesaid(that)itwasaverybeautifulday.*三、特殊場(chǎng)景的處理（一）主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)/將來時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變?nèi)糁骶鋾r(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)無需“倒推”：*Hesays,“Iwillhelpyou.”*→*Hesays(that)hewillhelpyou.*（二）直接引語(yǔ)含具體過去時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)不變?nèi)糁苯右Z(yǔ)包含具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如in2020,lastyear等），時(shí)態(tài)可保留原態(tài)（避免邏輯矛盾）：*Shesaid,“Igraduatedin2020.”*→*Shesaid(that)shegraduatedin2020.*（三）方向性動(dòng)詞與地點(diǎn)的調(diào)整四、實(shí)用示例與易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（一）綜合示例：多要素轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語(yǔ)：*LisasaidtoTom,“Iwillshowyoumynewdresstoday.”*轉(zhuǎn)換步驟：1.人稱：I→she；you→him；my→her2.時(shí)態(tài)：will→would3.指示詞：today→thatday；my→her4.句式：陳述句→that引導(dǎo)的從句間接引語(yǔ)：*LisatoldTom(that)shewouldshowhimhernewdressthatday.*（二）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒1.疑問句的語(yǔ)序：轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句需為陳述語(yǔ)序（即“疑問詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”），不可保留疑問語(yǔ)序：錯(cuò)誤：*Heaskedwheredoyoulive.*正確：*Heaskedwhereyoulived.*2.時(shí)態(tài)變化的例外：客觀真理、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、名言警句等，時(shí)態(tài)無需“倒推”：*Thescientistsaid,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”*→*Thescientistsaid(that)lighttravelsfasterthansound.*3.祈使句的動(dòng)詞選擇：根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣選擇*ask（請(qǐng)求）、tell（告知）、ord