高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練與熱點(diǎn)解答題組合練含解析一、高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1．閱讀理解

IhavethreekidsandagreathusbandandI'menjoyingacareerthatIfindchallengingandfun.Thisfeelslike"Success"totheoutsideworld.ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.

SoIbookedatriptofindout.Itravelled,forthefirsttime,withoutmyhusbandorkids.IwenttoIcelandwithafriend,whosharesanappreciationforwildernessandsilence.

Forsixdays,wewereimmersedinwild,rawsceneryandrealweather—allkindsofweather.Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.

IfoundsilenceinIceland，andtimetoconsiderthemeoutsideofcareerandthemeoutsideofkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangers.

WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened，Ibecamemoregenerous.I1earnedthatchoosingtobegenerouscancreatemorespace,morefoodandmorewarmth.

ButIdidn'treallygainanybetterappreciationofwhatIwantfromlifeormyjob.IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy，andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.

Icamehometonoise，rushandlove;withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.Iknowtheanswerisn'twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountaininIceland.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.（1）WhydidtheauthortakeatriptoIceland?A.

Togainanewexperience.

B.

Toenjoyfamilyhappiness.C.

Tobetterunderstandherself.

D.

Toappreciatenaturalbeauty.（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'strip?A.

Puzzling

B.

Thrilling

C.

Relaxing

D.

Demanding（3）Whatchangehappenedtotheauthorafterthetrip?A.

Shebecamemorepositive

B.

ShebecamemoreenergeticC.

Shebecameevenlonelier

D.

Shebecamemoreanxious（4）Whatwilltheauthordointhefuture?A.

Withdrawbacktonature.

B.

Embracerealitybravely.C.

TraveltoIcelandmoreoften.

D.

Paylessattentiontoherfeelings.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，為了尋找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰島之旅?；貋碇?，她意識(shí)到答案不在遙遠(yuǎn)的冰島，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段和第二段中的“ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.SoIbookedatriptofindout.”可知作者心里一直有疑問，那就是"我是真正的自己嗎？"，所以作者預(yù)定了旅行去尋找答案，即她去冰島旅行的目的是尋找真正的自我，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.”可知作者在冰島旅行時(shí)冒雨爬山，飲食簡單，并且體驗(yàn)到了種種不適，故推測作者的旅行是艱苦的，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.和Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.”可知作者不再困惑，她知道真正自我的答案就在日常生活中，就在她所做出的每個(gè)選擇中，故推測作者旅行回來后變樂觀了。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy，andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.”可知作者懷疑驅(qū)使她去冰島的焦慮正在讓她失去選擇感恩和快樂的能力，也讓她看不到在家庭和事業(yè)中的挑戰(zhàn)。故推測作者以后不會(huì)逃避生活，并且能夠勇敢面對(duì)生活中暫時(shí)的困惑。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

ThemayorofFlintofferedMissMichiganEmilySiomahighpraiseonTuesdayforspeakingoutatthisweekend'sMissAmericaconferenceaboutthecity'swatercrisis.

"Iwasreallyexcitedforhertodothat,"MayorKarenWeavertoldTMZ."Ithinkshewasverybravebecausesomanytimesyousaywhoyouareandwhereyou'refromandjustgeneralinformation.Forhertotakethatopportunityanduseherplatformandusehervoicetospeakupaboutwhat'sgoingoninMichiganandinFlint,inparticular,wasjustamazing."

EmilySioma,24,introducedherselfonstageonSundaybysaying,"Fromthestatewith84percentoftheU.S.freshwaterbutnoneforitsresidentstodrink.IamMissMichiganEmilySioma."Thebrief'speechwasareferencetoFlint,atownwithlead-filleddrinkingwater.

WeaversaidSioma'sdecisiontospeakabouttheFlintwatercrisisdemonstratedherimpressivecharacter."Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Anditalsoshowsyouthatshe'snotaselfishperson,"Weaversaid."Shecouldhavetalkedonlyaboutherself,butshechosetousethisopportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingonwithwaterqualitystandardswhat'sgoingonwiththisbrokeninfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)thatwehaveacrossthecountry."

Ratingsshowedthat4.3millionviewerswatchedtheABCprogram.AlthoughMissNewYorkNiaImaniFranklinultimatelywonthecompetition,manyTwitterusersquicklygotbehindSioma,whodidnotmakethefinal15,afterherintroduction.

"EmilySiomawantedtomakeanimpact,"oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessofwhetheryouagreewithwhatshesaidornot-sheisshininglightonapressingissuethatwehaveinourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.ThatisaMissAmerica."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"watercrisis"refertoinParagraph1?A.Watertransportation.B.Watershortage.C.Waterreservation.D.Waterquality.（2）HowdoesthemayorfindEmilySioma?A.Curiousandcautious.B.Braveandunselfish.C.Proudandadmirable.D.Talkativeandoutgoing.（3）WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph5?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.IntroducetheABCprogram.C.EmphasizeSioma'sinfluence.D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMayorofFlintB.ATwitterVoiceC.TheABCCompetitionD.AMissAmerica【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，Sioma在一次會(huì)議中大膽地提出了美國大城市用水質(zhì)量存在的問題，F(xiàn)lint市的市長高度贊揚(yáng)了她并認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)勇敢且大公無私的人，網(wǎng)上的人們也表達(dá)了對(duì)此事的看法。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Fromthestatewith84percentoftheU.S.freshwaterbutnoneforitsresidentstodrink”該州擁有美國84%的淡水，但卻沒有可供居民飲用的水；和第四段中的“shechosetousethisopportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingonwithwaterqualitystandards”她選擇利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來引起人們的注意，并持續(xù)關(guān)注Flint正在發(fā)生的事情，水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在發(fā)生的事情，可推知,Sioma在會(huì)議中提出了美國城市面臨的水質(zhì)問題,由此可知,此處畫線詞watercrisis應(yīng)指美國城市的水質(zhì)問題，與D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Anditalsoshowsyouthatshe'snotaselfishperson.”我為她的勇敢喝彩。這也表明她不是一個(gè)自私的人?？芍?市長認(rèn)為EmilySioma是一個(gè)勇敢時(shí)且大公無私的人。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。通讀第五段可知，雖然Sioma沒有獲得冠軍,但是有許多人都支持她。再結(jié)合第六段中的“EmilySiomawantedtomakeanimpact,”EmilySioma想要制造影響；以及”oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessofwhetheryouagreewithwhatshesaidornotsheisshininglightonapressingissue"一名Twitter用戶周日寫道。不管你是否同意她所說的，她正在解決一個(gè)緊迫的問題）可推知，作者寫第五段主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)Sioma的影響力。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知,本文介紹了Sioma大膽地提出了美國大城市用水質(zhì)量存在的問題,Flint市市長高度贊揚(yáng)了她。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“sheisshininglightonapressingissuethatwehaveinourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.That,isaMissAmerica.”她在我們州的一個(gè)緊迫問題上發(fā)出了希望之光，而這個(gè)問題仍然沒有得到解決。這就是美國小姐?？芍?，選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopmentAccordingtothefindings,teenagersaged15to16whohadaclosefriendshipratherthanalargergroupoffriendstheywerelessclosetohadagreatersenseofself-worthbythetimetheywere25yearsold.Thosepeoplewithaveryclosebestfriendwerealsolesslikelytoexperiencedepressionandsocialanxiety,thestudyfound.

"Closefriendshipstrengthinmid-adolescencepredictedrelativeincreasesinself-worthanddecreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptomsbyearlyadulthood,"theauthors,ledbyRachelK,Narr,apostdoctoralstudentfocusedonclinicalpsychologyattheUniversityofVirginia,wrote.

Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.Friendshipsduringtheteenageyearspredictacademicsuccessandimprovedmentalhealth.Butthenewresearchfurtherexploresthetypeoffriendshipsteenagershave."Myhunch(預(yù)感)wasthatclosefriendshipscomparedtobroaderfriendshipgroupsandpopularitymaynotfunctionthesameway,"NarrtoldQuartz."Beingsuccessfulinoneisnotthesameasbeingsuccessfulintheother."

Manystudyparticipantsdidnotcontinuetohaveacloserelationshipwiththeirhigh-schoolbestfriend,leadingtheresearcherstowonderwhatexactlywasresponsibleforthementalhealthbenefits.Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.

Andastheresearcherspointout,thoseskillsarenotnecessarilybroughttobearintheworldofsocialmedia."Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,"studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.（1）Whatisthebenefitofhavingacloseteenagefriendship?A.

Excellentperformanceinhighschool.

B.

Alargergroupoffriends.C.

Mentalhealthbyearlyadulthood.

D.

Alargesocialnetworkinthefuture.（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutthepastresearch?A.

Itattachedgreatsignificancetoadolescentfriendships.B.

Itwastotallydifferentfromthenewresearch.C.

Ithelpedimproveteenagers'mentalhealth.D.

Itcomparedbroaderfriendshipgroupswithpopularity.（3）Whatdidtheresearchersthinkmightleadtothementalhealthbenefits?A.

Notcontinuingtohaveacloserelationship.

B.

Havingabestfriendinhighschool.C.

Understandingtheworldofsocialmedia.

D.

Knowinghowtobuildaclosefriendship（4）WhatdidtheresearcherJosephsuggest?A.

Learningtousesocialmedia.

B.

Broadeningyoursocialcircle.C.

Improvingtheskillsofmakingfriends.

D.

Concentratingonhigh-qualityrelationship.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些有非常親密的好朋友的人也不太可能經(jīng)歷抑郁和社交焦慮。與過去的研究認(rèn)為友誼很重要相比，這項(xiàng)新研究進(jìn)一步探索了青少年之間的友誼類型。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)知道如何建立親密的友誼可能比友誼本身更重要。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth，accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment.“根據(jù)發(fā)表在《兒童發(fā)展》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究，你十幾歲時(shí)最好的朋友可能對(duì)你的長期心理健康有好處。可知，青少年親密的友誼對(duì)精神健康有益。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.“過去的一項(xiàng)研究表明，青少年間的友誼很重要，可知，過去的研究非常重視青少年間的友誼。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的”Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.“他們懷疑建立這種友誼的技巧和能力可能比友誼本身更重要，可知，研究人員認(rèn)為知道如何建立親密的友誼會(huì)帶來心理健康益處。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"‘Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,’studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.”研究報(bào)告的撰寫者之一JosephAllen在一份聲明中說:“隨著科技的發(fā)展，建立淺層次朋友的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)變得越來越容易，因此，把時(shí)間和精力集中在與少數(shù)人建立密切聯(lián)系上應(yīng)該是優(yōu)先考慮的事情?！笨芍芯咳藛TJosephAllen建議把時(shí)間和精力集中在于一些人發(fā)展親密關(guān)系是應(yīng)該是重中之重，即發(fā)展高質(zhì)量的友誼。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

CamperLunchProgram

WearepleasedtooffertheCamperLunchProgramforfull-daycampersorcampersparticipatinginbothmorningandafternoonhalf-daycamps.

LunchattheOverlakeSchool

AttheOverlakeSchoolinRedmond,youcansignupforlunchatthetimeofregistration.Lunchisprovidedbytheschoolcafeteriaincludingahotmaindishandasaladbaroption.Limiteddietrestrictionscanbeaccommodatedinadvance.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:00pmonWednesday.

$40for5-daycampweek

$32for4-daycampweek

LunchatViewSeattle

Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian(素的)lunchmenus.Besides,camperwithallergiesorsensitivitiesareencouragedtobringtheirownlunch.

$40for5-daycampweek

$38for4-daycampweek

LunchatSt.ThomasSchool

AtSt.ThomasSchool,lunchandsnacksareprovidedbySAGEDining.Lunchincludesahotmaindish,asaladbarandsandwichoptions.Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.

$50for5-daycampweek

$45for4-daycampweek

LunchatPacificScienceCenter

AtPacificScienceCenter,youcansignupatthetimeofregistration.LunchisprovidedbyourveryownPacificScienceCenterCafe.Everyday,standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:00pmonWednesday.

$45for5-daycampweek

$36for4-daycampweek（1）Whichprogramcanacamperwithabudgetof$35choose?A.LunchattheOverlakeSchool.B.LunchatViewSeattle.C.LunchatSt.ThomasSchool.D.LunchatPacificScienceCenter.（2）WhatarecampersforLunchatViewSeattlerequiredtodo?A.Stayfarawayfromanythingwithallergies.B.Choosetheirlunchpreferencesinadvance.C.Avoidbringingtheirownlunchforanyreason.D.Sendemailstoofferadviceonimprovinglunch.（3）Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?A.TheyreceiveregistrationsonlyonWednesday.B.Theyencouragecamperstobringsomesnacks.C.Theyaremainlyintendedforvegetariancampers.D.Theyprovidecamperswithtwosnackseachday.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，向露營者介紹了一些午餐項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。對(duì)比四個(gè)項(xiàng)目的價(jià)格可知,預(yù)算是35美元的露營者只能選擇LunchattheOverlakeSchool這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)LunchatViewSeattle部分中的“Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian(素的)lunchmenus.”可知，LunchatViewSeattle這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的露營者需要提前選擇自己的午餐偏好。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)LunchatSt.ThomasSchool部分中的“Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.”和LunchatPacificScienceCenter部分中的“Everyday，standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.”可知，兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目的共同之處是它們每天給露營者提供兩頓零食。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

StandingdeskshavebecomecommonacrossSiliconValley,offeringhealthbenefitstothosewillingtoworkontheirfeet.However,duetotheirhighprice,theyhavefailedtocatchonuntilnow.Recently,IkeahasbroughtoutBekantconvertible(可變換的)standingdeskthatcanbecomeanormaldeskatthetouchofabutton.The$500adjustabledeskcantransformfromastandarddesktoastandingone,andIkeahopesitcouldmakethestandingdeskmainstream.

Expertssaythatchangingfromaseatedtoastandingdeskcanimproveproductivity.SimilardeskshavebecomeacommonsightattechfirmssuchasGoogle,wheresomeemployeeshaveeveninstalledtreadmill(跑步機(jī))andbicycledesks.

Thedeskisnotthefirst"convertible"onthemarket.Asearlyas2013,StirKinectbroughtoutanadjustabledesk.The$3,890StirKinectdeskhasamotortoraiseandloweritself,changingitintoastandingdeskoratraditionaldesk.Thedeskcanevenbeprogrammedtomoveupanddownslightly,makingitappeartotakeagentlebreathtoremindtheusertochangetheirpositions.Tomovebetweensittingandstandingpositions,ownerssimplydoubletaponthescreen.Thedeskcanlearntheuser'spreferencesovertimeandsuggestthebestseatingposition.

TheStirKinectdeskwascreatedbyateamofex-AppleandDisneyengineers.Ithasabuilt-intouchscreentocontrolandtrackmovement,andcantellusersexactlyhowmanycaloriestheyburnbystandingduringtheirworkingday.ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones,tokeepcableshidden.

"Ikea'sheight-adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket,"saidJPLabrosse,founderandCEOofStir.（1）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Ikeahasbroughtoutanadjustablestandingdesk.B.

SiliconValleyofferedhealthbenefitstoofficials.C.

Googleformedtheirtechfirmstodesignbicycledesks.D.

TheStirKinectdeskwillbecomemainstreaminthemarket.（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.

BeforeBekantdesk,similaradjustabledeskshavebeenwidelyused.B.

Theseateddeskswilltaketheplaceofthestandingdesksinthefuture.C.

ComparedtotheStirKinectdesk,theBekantdeskismuchcheaper.D.

TheadjustabledesksweredesignedbytheAppleandDisneyCompany.（3）TheStirKinectdesk______.A.

canbreatheinandbreatheoutbypressingthebuttononceB.

canchargephonesbyusingadevicecontainingpowerpointC.

cantellyouhowmanycaloriesyouneedforawalkD.

canadviseyoutodomoreexerciseatapropertime（4）WhatcanweinferfromthelastsentencegivenbyJPLabrosse?A.

Ikea'sadjustabledeskwillbepopularwithaveragepeople.B.

Ikeawillhavetosellfurnitureatalowerpriceinthefuture.C.

ThisheightadjustabletablecanonlybefoundinIkea.D.

ItisnotnecessaryforIkeatoopenupthemarketatall.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，站立式辦公桌在美國硅谷已經(jīng)比較常見，宜家近日推出了一款名為BEKANT的可調(diào)節(jié)的站立式辦公桌，這種桌子對(duì)愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段可知，站立式辦公桌在美國硅谷已經(jīng)比較常見，對(duì)愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。宜家近日推出了一款名為BEKANT的可調(diào)節(jié)的站立式辦公桌，使用者只需按一下按鈕便可將其從普通高度調(diào)節(jié)至站立式高度。宜家希望這款辦公桌占領(lǐng)市場，成為主流，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知“Bekantconvertiblestandingdesk”售價(jià)為$500；而第三段中是StirKinectdesk售價(jià)為$3,890，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones,tokeepcableshidden."StirKinect還設(shè)置了充電接口以及USB接口，可用于手機(jī)充電，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ikea'sheight-adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket,”宜家的可調(diào)節(jié)辦公桌有助于打開低端市場，故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.

Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot."Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,"saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理學(xué)家)whomadethediscovery."Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem."

Vaillant'sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.

Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.

Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基礎(chǔ))ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn'teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,"Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone'swork."（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.

Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.

B.

Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.

Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.

D.

Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.（2）Vaillant'swordsinParagraph2serveas________.A.

adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB.

ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetenceC.

anexampleforparents'expectationsoftheirchildrenD.

anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen（3）Vaillant'steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________.A.

recordingtheboys'effortinschool

B.

evaluatingthemen'smentalhealthC.

comparingdifferentsetsofscores

D.

measuringthemen'sproblemsolvingability（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sharp"probablymeaninParagraph4?A.

Quicktoreact.

B.

Havingathinedge.

C.

Clearanddefinite.

D.

Suddenandrapid.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，那些小時(shí)候工作過的人比那些沒有工作過的人生活得更快樂、更有成效。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.”他的工作滿意度更高，婚姻更美滿，身體也更健康?？芍s翰享受他的事業(yè)和婚姻，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"’Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety，‘saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理學(xué)家)whomadethediscovery.’Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.‘"發(fā)現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的心理學(xué)家Vaillant說:"在家庭或社區(qū)工作的男孩獲得了能力，并開始覺得自己是社會(huì)中有價(jià)值的成員。""因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己感覺良好，別人也對(duì)他們感覺良好。"可推知，Vaillant在第二段的話解釋了為什么一些男孩成長為快樂的人，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.”可知Vaillant的研究小組通過比較不同的分?jǐn)?shù)得到了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選C。（4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople，fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.”那些在童年時(shí)期參加過最多活動(dòng)的人，與各種各樣的人保持親密關(guān)系的可能性是其他人的兩倍，獲得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失業(yè)的不可能性是其他人的16倍?？芍?，Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.的意思是男性在孩童時(shí)期的行為和成年后的表現(xiàn)之間的聯(lián)系是驚人的明確。"sharp"的意思明確，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiology(生理學(xué))ormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.TheNobelAssemblyannouncedtheprizeattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmonMonday.

Theirworkestablishedthegeneticmechanisms(機(jī)制)thatallowcellstorespondtochangesinoxygenlevels.Thefindingshaveimplications(啟示)fortreatingavarietyofdiseases.

Whydidtheywin?

"Oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingorganisms(生物體),"saidDr.GeorgeDaley,deanofHarvardMedicalSchool."Withoutoxygen,cellscan'tsurvive."Buttoomuchortoolittleoxygencanbedeadly.Thethreeresearcherstriedtoanswerthisquestion:Howdocellsregulatetheirresponses?

Theinvestigatorsuncovereddetailedgeneticresponsestochangingoxygenlevelsthatallowcellsinthebodiesofhumansandotheranimalstosenseandrespondtofluctuations(波動(dòng)),increasinganddecreasinghowmuchoxygentheyreceive.

Whyistheworkimportant?

Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.RandallJohnson,amemberoftheNobelAssembly,describedtheworkasa"textbookdiscovery"andsaiditwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation.

"Thisisabasicaspectofhowacellworks,andIthinkfromthatstandpointaloneit'saveryexcitingthing."Johnsonsaid.

Theresearchalsohasimplicationsfortreatingvariousdiseasesinwhichoxygenisinshortsupply—includinganemia,heartattacksandstrokes—aswellasfortreatmentofcancersthatarefedbyandseekoutoxygen.（1）ThisresearchhaswontheNobelPrizemainlybecause____________.A.

therewasnoresearchofthiskindinthepastB.

oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingthingsC.

ithasuncoveredhowcellssenseandrespondtochangesinoxygenlevelsD.

variousdiseaseswillbecuredwiththehelpofthefindingsoftheresearch（2）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____________.A.

TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoaphysiologistonMondayinSweden.B.

Cancercellsmanagetohijackoxygenandneedoxygentodevelop.C.

Themoreoxygenthereisinblood,thehealthieralivingbodywillbe.D.

Thegeneticmechanismshavebeenfoundthatallowoxygentoadapttocells.（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedwordinthetext?A.

usedfortextbooks

B.

powerfulandauthoritativeC.

typicalasaperfectexample

D.

basicandclear（4）InwhichpartofTheNewYorkTimescanyoufindthisarticle?A.

Entertainment

B.

Culture

C.

Technology

D.

Science【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了2019年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)胞如何感知并適應(yīng)氧氣變化的含量。這是一項(xiàng)具有開創(chuàng)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，為抗擊貧血、癌癥和許多其他疾病的新策略鋪平了道路。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“…fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.”以表彰他們?cè)诩?xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)的適應(yīng)性方面所做的工作?？芍@項(xiàng)研究之所以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗沂玖思?xì)胞如何感知和響應(yīng)氧氣水平的變化。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whyistheworkimportant?部分中的“Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.”這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了細(xì)胞機(jī)制，這些機(jī)制控制著對(duì)高海拔環(huán)境的適應(yīng)，以及癌細(xì)胞是如何攫取氧氣的?？芍┘?xì)胞設(shè)法攫取氧氣并需要氧氣來發(fā)育。故選B。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)

Whyistheworkimportant?部分中的“itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation”它將是學(xué)生在最基礎(chǔ)的生物教育階段就開始學(xué)習(xí)的東西，可知RandallJohnson稱這項(xiàng)研究是很典型的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是"教科書式的發(fā)現(xiàn)"。故可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞意思為"典型的"，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.”(《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》10月7日?qǐng)?bào)道)2019年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家——WilliamG.KaelinJr.、PeterJ.Ratcliffe和GreggL.Semenza，以表彰他們?cè)诩?xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)方面所做的

工作。）以及文章的主要內(nèi)容圍繞他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可知你可以在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的科學(xué)版上找到這篇文章。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)