注：不含主觀題第1題判斷題(1分)玉米的祖先是墨西哥的大芻草(TheancestorofcornsisMexicanteosinte.)第2題判斷題(1分)甘薯源自北美的野生祖先(SweetpotatoessourcefromtheirwildpredecessorsinNorthAmerica)第3題判斷題(1分)列文虎克發(fā)明了世界上第一臺(tái)光學(xué)顯微鏡(Leeuwenhoekinventedthefirstopticalmicroscopeintheworld)第二章小測(cè)(TestforChapterTwo)第1題單選題(1分)遺傳物質(zhì)DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)者是(ThediscovererofthegeneticmaterialDNAis?)AMiescherBAveryCWatson和CrickDMendel第2題單選題(1分)狹義的分子生物學(xué)的主要研究對(duì)象是?(Themajorresearchobjectofmolecularbiologyinanarrowsenseis?)A蛋白質(zhì)(Protein)B核酸(NucleicAcid)C糖類(lèi)(Sugar)D脂類(lèi)(Lipid)第3題單選題(1分)史上第一個(gè)重組DNA分子的出現(xiàn)是在哪年？(WhichyeardidthefirstrecombinantDNAmolecularinhistoryappear?)A1953B1965C1972D1983第4題單選題(1分)人類(lèi)基因組草圖公布的時(shí)間是哪年？(Whichyearwashumangenomedraftannounced?)A1972B1988C1995D2001第5題單選題(1分)DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)者是(DNAwasdiscoveredby?)AMiescherBAveryCWatson和CrickDMendel第6題單選題(1分)DNA重組技術(shù)的元老是(ThefounderofrecombinantDNAtechnologyis?)AAveryBCrickCPaulBergDCraigVenter第7題單選題(1分)DNA雙螺旋分子表面有大溝和小溝，其形成原因是(TherearemajorgrooveandminorgrooveonthesurfaceofDNAdoublehelixmolecules,sotheformingreasonis?)A兩條分子的極性相反(Polaritiesofbothmoleculesareopposite)B堿基方向相反(Basicgroupsareinoppositedirection)C配對(duì)堿基的糖苷鍵夾角不是180度(Theincludedangleofglucosidicbondsofpairedbasicgroupsisnot180°)第8題單選題(1分)與蛋白發(fā)生互作的場(chǎng)所常常是DNA的(TheusualareawheretheinteractionwithproteinhappensisDNA’s)A大溝(MajorGroove)B小溝(MinorGroove)C堿基對(duì)之間(BetweenBasePairs)第9題單選題(1分)以下哪個(gè)蛋白不是DNA復(fù)制過(guò)程中需要的(WhichproteinasfollowsisnotneededintheprocessofDNAreproduction?)A單鏈結(jié)合蛋白(SSB)B解螺旋酶（helicase）C拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶(TOPO)DRNaseHE逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(RT)正確答案：E第10題單選題(1分)DNA指導(dǎo)的RNA合成,以下說(shuō)法哪個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤的(ForDNAguidedRNAsynthesis,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?)A一個(gè)基因的DNA序列進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄時(shí)可同時(shí)結(jié)合多個(gè)RNA聚合酶(WhentheDNAsequenceofonegeneistranscribed,itcancombinewithmultipleRNApolymerasessimultaneously)BDNA雙鏈中一條鏈作為模板指導(dǎo)RNA合成(OneofDNAdoublestrandsplaystheroleoftemplatetoguideDNAsynthesis.)CDNA雙鏈體的解旋是永久性的(TheunwindingofDNAdoublestrandsispermanent.)DRNA合成不需要引物(RNAsynthesisdoesnotneedanyprimer.)第11題單選題(1分)真核基因是不連續(xù)基因，是指(Eukaryoticgenesarediscontinuousgenes,meaning)A基因在基因組中是被非基因序列間隔開(kāi)的(Genesareseparatedbynon-geneticsequencesinthegenome)B基因和基因之間被內(nèi)含子隔開(kāi)(Genesareseparatedfromgenesbyintrons)C基因的蛋白質(zhì)編碼序列在DNA水平是被打斷的(TheproteincodingsequenceofageneisbrokenattheDNAlevel)D基因在轉(zhuǎn)錄時(shí)是不連續(xù)的(Genesarediscontinuousduringtranscription)第12題單選題(1分)以下關(guān)于翻譯，哪些說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的(Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttranslationisfalse？)A整個(gè)過(guò)程都需要蛋白質(zhì)因子的參與(Thewholeprocessrequirestheparticipationofproteinfactors)B起始因子負(fù)責(zé)核糖體小亞基與mRNA的結(jié)合(InitiationfactorsareresponsibleforbindingribosomalsubunitstomRNA)C核糖體RNA可催化肽鍵形成(RibosomalRNAcancatalyzestheformationofpeptidebond)D一類(lèi)特殊的tRNA可以識(shí)別終止密碼子(AspecialclassoftRNAcanrecognizeterminationcodon)第13題單選題(1分)以下哪個(gè)不是原核基因表達(dá)和調(diào)控的特點(diǎn)(Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicofprokaryoticgeneexpressionandregulation？)A邊轉(zhuǎn)錄邊翻譯(Translatewhiletranscribing)B功能相關(guān)基因共轉(zhuǎn)錄，一開(kāi)俱開(kāi)、一關(guān)俱關(guān)(Function-relatedgeneswereco-transcribed,allonwhileoneon,andalloffwhileoneoff)C多順?lè)醋影l(fā)生選擇性拼接(Polycistronexperiencesselectivesplicing)D環(huán)境信號(hào)通過(guò)調(diào)控蛋白影響基因轉(zhuǎn)錄(Environmentalsignalsaffectgenetranscriptionthroughregulatoryproteins)第14題單選題(1分)以下關(guān)于真核基因轉(zhuǎn)錄特點(diǎn)的描述，哪個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤的(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetranscriptioncharacteristicsofeukaryoticgenesisfalse)A啟動(dòng)子外存在多種調(diào)控元件(Multipleregulatoryelementsexistoutsidethepromoter)B絕緣子可以阻斷增強(qiáng)子作用也可阻斷異染色質(zhì)化擴(kuò)散(Insulatorscanblockenhanceractionaswellasheterochromatindiffusion)C功能相關(guān)的基因是共轉(zhuǎn)錄成一條mRNA(Function-relatedgenesareco-transcribedintoonemRNA)D初級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)錄本需剪接去除內(nèi)含子、連接外顯子(Primarytranscriptsneedsplicingtoremoveintronsandjoinexons)第15題單選題(1分)以下哪個(gè)與基因表達(dá)激活有關(guān)(Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithactivationofgeneexpression)AH3K4甲基化(H3K4methylation)BH3K9甲基化(H3K9methylation)CDNApromoter的甲基化(MethylationofDNApromoter)D組蛋白的去乙?；?Deacetylationofhistones)第16題單選題(1分)以下不屬于調(diào)控RNA的是(WhichofthefollowingsdoesnotbelongtoRNAcontrol?)AsiRNABmiRNAClncRNADpiRNAErRNA正確答案：E第17題單選題(1分)以下哪個(gè)與基因表達(dá)抑制有關(guān)(Whichofthefollowingsisrelatedtogeneticexpressionrestriction?)AH3K4甲基化(H3K4methylation)BH3K9甲基化(H3K9methylation)C組蛋白的乙酰化(Histoneacetylation)第18題單選題(1分)以下哪個(gè)屬于轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的調(diào)控(Whichofthefollowingisregulatedatthetranscriptionallevel)A可變剪接(Variablesplicing)B小RNA介導(dǎo)的RNA沉默(RNAsilencingmediatedbysmallRNA)C小RNA指導(dǎo)的染色質(zhì)修飾(ChromatinmodificationguidedbysmallRNA)第19題填空題(3分)來(lái)自于基因組編碼的單鏈RNA前體的小RNA是指____，源于人工合成或體內(nèi)的雙鏈RNA前體產(chǎn)生的是____，在生殖細(xì)胞中表達(dá)用于沉默轉(zhuǎn)座子的小RNA是指____。(SmallRNAsderivedfromgenome-encodedsingle-strandedRNAprecursorsarereferredtoas(?),thosederivedfromsyntheticorinvivodouble-strandedRNAprecursorsarereferredtoas(?),andthoseexpressedingermcellsforsilencingtransposonsarereferredtoas(?).)正確答案：:["siRNA"]正確答案：:["miRNA"]正確答案：:["piRNA"]第20題單選題(1分)以下關(guān)于基因組的敘述正確的是(Whichofthefollowingsiscorrectstatementaboutgenome?)A基因組越大基因越多(Thelargerthegenome,themorethegenes)B基因組中蛋白質(zhì)編碼基因的占比與生物遺傳復(fù)雜性正相關(guān)(Theproportionofproteincodinggenesinagenomeisinpositivecorrelationwiththecomplexityofbiologicalinheritance)C基因組越大基因家族越多(Thelargerthegenome,themorethegenefamilies.)D相比綠色開(kāi)花植物，酵母基因組中基因的密度很大(Comparedtogreenbloomers,yeastgenomehasdensergenes.)第21題單選題(1分)關(guān)于真核基因的論述錯(cuò)誤的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouteukaryoticgeneiswrong?)A是不連續(xù)基因(Isdiscontinuousgene)B長(zhǎng)度是由外顯子長(zhǎng)度決定的(Itslengthisdeterminedbythelengthofexon.)C長(zhǎng)度是由內(nèi)含子長(zhǎng)度決定的(Itslengthisdeterminedbythelengthofintron.)D一個(gè)基因家族中的不同成員表現(xiàn)出外顯子的相關(guān)性(Adifferentmemberinagenefamilywillexpresscorrelationwithexon.)第22題單選題(1分)關(guān)于假基因的論述錯(cuò)誤的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpseudogenesiswrong？)A假基因是指序列與野生型基因類(lèi)似但喪失功能的DNA序列(PseudogenesareDNAsequencesthataresimilartowild-typegenesbuthavenofunction)B假基因是指序列與野生型基因類(lèi)似但不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(PseudogenesareDNAsequencesthataresimilartowild-typegenesbutdonotencodeproteins)C假基因可通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物發(fā)揮調(diào)控功能(Pseudogenescanplayaregulatoryrolethroughtranscriptionproducts)第23題單選題(1分)關(guān)于垃圾DNA（non-codingDNA）的論述正確的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnon-codingDNAistrue)A不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeproteins)B不編碼RNA和蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeRNAandproteins)C沒(méi)有功能的DNA序列(DNAsequencewithoutfunction)D刪除后沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)型的DNA序列(DNAsequencewithoutphenotypeafterdeletion)第24題單選題(1分)關(guān)于垃圾DNA（non-codingDNA）的論述錯(cuò)誤的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnon-codingDNAiswrong?)A不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeproteins)B不編碼RNA和蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeRNAandproteins)C參與基因表達(dá)調(diào)控，但不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequenceparticipatingintheregulationofgeneexpression,butnotcodingprotein.)D與保護(hù)基因組有關(guān)(Relatetogenomeprotection.)第25題判斷題(1分)合成生命是完全由人工合成的DNA來(lái)控制的細(xì)胞(SynthesizedlifeiscellscompletelycontrolledbyartificiallysynthesizedDNA.)第26題判斷題(1分)DNA的復(fù)制在細(xì)胞分裂前發(fā)生2次(DNAduplicationhappenstwicebeforecelldivision.)第27題判斷題(1分)基因組越大意味基因的數(shù)目越多(Alargergenomemeansmoregenes.)第28題判斷題(1分)DNA由四種核苷酸組成，不同基因的區(qū)別在于四種核苷酸的數(shù)目和排列順序不同(DNAismadeupoffourkindsofnucleotideandgenesaredifferentiatedbydifferentnumberandsequenceofthefourkindsofnucleotide.)第29題判斷題(1分)人的基因組中轉(zhuǎn)座子大約占45%，主要是反轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子(Transposonsaccountforabout45%inhumangenome,mainlyretrotransposons.)第30題判斷題(1分)與DNA甲基化類(lèi)似，組蛋白的甲基化修飾總是與基因沉默相關(guān)(SimilartoDNAmethylation,themethylatedmodificationofhistoneisalwaysrelatedtogenesilencing.)第31題判斷題(1分)核小體重塑的結(jié)果是抑制基因活性(Theresultofnucleosomeremoldingistoinhibitgeneactivity.)第32題判斷題(1分)增強(qiáng)子可以在遠(yuǎn)上游或者遠(yuǎn)下游發(fā)揮調(diào)控作用(Enhancerscanplayregulatoryeffectfromfarupstreamorfardownstream.)第33題第34題第35題第三章小測(cè)（TestforChapterThree）第1題單選題(1分)Woese提出的三域?qū)W說(shuō)是基于（）序列的分析(ThethreedomainstheoryproposedbyWoeseisbasedontheanalysisof()sequence.)A16SrRNAB28SrRNAC5SrRNAD23SrRNA第2題單選題(1分)下列哪個(gè)不是細(xì)菌的基本結(jié)構(gòu)？(Whichofthefollowingsisnotthebasicstructureofbacteria?)A細(xì)胞壁(Cellwall)B細(xì)胞膜(Cellmembrane)C細(xì)胞質(zhì)(Cytoplasm)D莢膜(Capsule)第3題單選題(1分)以下菌株哪個(gè)能產(chǎn)生伴胞晶體？(Whichofthefollowingbacterialstraincanproduceparasporalcrystal?)A青霉菌(Penicillium)B白僵菌(Muscardine)C黑曲霉(Aniger)D蘇云金芽胞桿菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)第4題單選題(1分)能夠合成抗生素的主要微生物是(Themajormicroorganismforsynthesizingantibioticsis)A放線菌(Actinomycetes)B青霉菌(Penicillium)C芽胞桿菌(Bacillus)D大腸桿菌(Bacilluscoli)第5題判斷題(1分)藍(lán)細(xì)菌可以在異形胞中進(jìn)行固氮作用(Cyanobacteriacanmakenitrogenfixationinheterocyst.)第6題判斷題(1分)四聯(lián)球菌、八疊球菌、葡萄球菌都是多細(xì)胞的微生物(Tetrads,sarcinaandstaphylococcusareallmulticellularmicroorganisms.)第7題判斷題(1分)鞭毛和菌毛都是細(xì)菌的運(yùn)動(dòng)器官(Flagellumandpiliarebothlocomotiveorgansofbacteria.)第8題判斷題(1分)支原體是無(wú)細(xì)胞壁的原核微生物，是能營(yíng)獨(dú)立生活的最小型的生物(Mycoplasmaisprokaryoticmicroorganismwithoutcellwallandthesmallestcreaturethatcanliveindependently.)第9題判斷題(1分)真菌的鞭毛可在光學(xué)顯微鏡下看見(jiàn)(Theflagellumoffungusisvisibleunderopticalmicroscope.)第10題單選題(1分)噬菌體的外型屬于(Theexteriorofphagebelongsto)A螺旋對(duì)稱(Helicalsymmetry)B二十面體對(duì)稱(Icosahedralsymmetry)C復(fù)合對(duì)稱(Complexsymmetry)D角對(duì)稱(D.Anglesymmetry)第11題判斷題(1分)衣原體是一類(lèi)在真核細(xì)胞內(nèi)營(yíng)專性能量寄生的小型細(xì)菌，包括基體和網(wǎng)狀體兩種形態(tài)(Chlamydiaisakindofsmall-sizedbacteriathatparasitizesineukaryocytebyconsumingobligateenergyintheformsofbasalbodyorreticulatebody.)第12題判斷題(1分)立克次氏體是專性寄生的G－細(xì)菌，不需要借助中間宿主傳播，就可以引起斑疹傷寒等病癥(RickettsiaisofobligateparasiticG-bacteria,whichcancausediseasesliketyphusfeverwithoutthehelpofintermediatehosttransmission.)第13題單選題(1分)在下列原核生物中，屬古菌類(lèi)群的是(Whichofthefollowingprokaryotesbelongstoarchaeacluster)A大腸桿菌(BacillusColi)B支原體(Mycoplasma)C放線菌(Actinomycetes)D熱原體(Thermoplasma)第14題判斷題(1分)古菌的細(xì)胞膜具有單分子層或單、雙分子層混合膜，能夠幫助其適應(yīng)高熱環(huán)境(Archaea’scellmembranefeaturesmonolayerorbilayercompoundmembrane,whichcanhelpitadapttohigh-temperatureenvironment.)第15題單選題(1分)酵母菌的菌落類(lèi)似于(Thebacterialcolonyofyeastissimilarto)A霉菌菌落(MouldColony)B鏈霉菌菌落(StreptomyceteColony)C細(xì)菌菌落(BacterialColony)D支原體菌落(MycoplasmaColony)第16題單選題(1分)低等絲狀真菌細(xì)胞壁的主要成分是(Themajorcontentofthecellwallofinferiorfilamentousfungiis)A幾丁質(zhì)(Chitin)B纖維素(Fibrin)C葡聚糖(Glucan)D甘露聚糖(Mannan)第17題判斷題(1分)病毒沒(méi)有細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)，其顯著區(qū)別于其它生物的特征是以復(fù)制方式進(jìn)行繁殖。(Virushasnocellularstructureandreplicatereproductionisafeaturethatobviouslydistinguishesitfromotherorganisms.)第18題判斷題(1分)朊病毒體內(nèi)有很少量的核酸(Prioncontainslittlenucleicacid)第19題第20題第21題第22題第23題第24題第25題第26題第27題第28題第四章小測(cè)（TestforChapterFour）第1題多選題(1分)屬于古細(xì)菌的是(Whichofthefollowingsbelongtoarchaebacteria?)A嗜熱酸菌(Thermoacidophile)B產(chǎn)甲烷菌(Methanogens)C大腸桿菌(BacillusColi)D極端嗜鹽菌(ExtremeHalophile)正確答案：ABC第2題判斷題(1分)原葉體是蕨類(lèi)植物的配子體(Prothallusisthegametophyteoffern.)第3題判斷題(1分)苔蘚植物的孢子體高度發(fā)達(dá)(Thesporophoreofbryophyteishighlydeveloped.)第4題判斷題(1分)傳粉現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，使得有性生殖過(guò)程完全擺脫了外界水的限制(Theemergenceofpollinationphenomenonmakestheprocessofsexualreproductionfullygetridofexternalwaterrestriction.)第5題判斷題(1分)雌雄蕊多數(shù)且螺旋排列是被子植物原始性狀之一(Pistilandstamenmajorityandspiralarrangementareoneoforiginalpropertiesofangiosperm.)第6題判斷題(1分)禾本科植物的花序是以小穗為單位的(Theinflorescenceofgrassfamilyisintheunitofspikelet.)第7題單選題(1分)草莓果實(shí)類(lèi)型是(Thefruitofstrawberryistypedas)A聚花果(CollectiveFruit)B聚合果(AggregateFruit)C漿果(Berry)D單果(SingleFruit)第8題多選題(2分)染色體變異包括(Chromosomevariationincludes)A數(shù)目變化(QuantitativeChange)B結(jié)構(gòu)變化(StructuralChange)C行為變化(BehavioralChange)D修飾(Modification)正確答案：ABCD第9題判斷題(1分)變異是進(jìn)化的材料，而選擇決定了進(jìn)化方向。(Variationisthematerialofevolution,whilechoicedecidesthedirectionofevolution.)第10題判斷題(1分)生殖隔離只能發(fā)生在交配前。(Reproductionisolationonlyoccurspriortomating.)第11題第12題第13題第14題判斷題(1分)莖的次生發(fā)生起源于形成層。(Thesecondarygrowthofstemssourcesfromthecambium.第15題判斷題(1分)根器官具有中柱。(Therootorganhasstele.)第16題判斷題(1分)葉是個(gè)臨時(shí)性器官，具有落葉習(xí)性。(Leafisatemporaryorganandcontainsdeciduoushabit.)第17題判斷題(1分)葉的功能性狀最能反映其與環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性變化。(Thefunctionsandcharactersofleavescanbestreflecttheiradaptivechangeswiththeenvironment.)第18題判斷題(1分)通氣組織發(fā)達(dá)是植物適應(yīng)干旱環(huán)境的標(biāo)志性特征。(Developedaerenchymaisalandmarkfeatureofplantsforadaptingtoaridenvironment.)第19題判斷題(1分)C3植物能夠有效利用CO2，因此產(chǎn)量往往更高。(C3vegetationscanmakeeffectiveuseofCO2,sotheirproductionisgenerallyhigher.)第20題多選題(1分)聚花果是(Collectivefruitsare)A菠蘿(Pineapple)B草莓(Strawberry)C無(wú)花果(Ficuscarica)D桑葚(Mulberry)正確答案：ACD第21題判斷題(1分)所有成熟的種子都包括胚和胚乳。(Alltheripeseedsincludeembryoandendosperm.)第22題判斷題(1分)果實(shí)是由子房發(fā)育而來(lái)。(FruitsaredevelopedfromOvaries.)第23題判斷題(1分)植物與傳粉昆蟲(chóng)是協(xié)同進(jìn)化的。(Plantsandpollinatinginsectsevolveconcertedly.)第24題第25題第26題第五章小測(cè)（TestforChapterFive）第1題判斷題(1分)起源于溫帶的植物，常常一年中有1個(gè)生長(zhǎng)高峰期(Plantsderivedfromthetemperatezoneusuallyhave1growthpeakinayear.)第2題判斷題(1分)擬寄生往往是一種變相的捕食行為(Parasitoidismusuallyisakindofdisguisedpredatoryactivity.)第3題判斷題(1分)地衣是藻菌長(zhǎng)期共生形成的生物類(lèi)群(Lichensareabiologicalgroupfromlong-termcoexistenceofalgaeandbacteria.)第4題判斷題(1分)成熟的群落具有一定的水平和垂直結(jié)構(gòu)(Amaturecolonyshouldhavecertainhorizontalandverticalstructure.)第5題判斷題(1分)植被隨海拔變化與隨緯度變化具有相似規(guī)律(Changesofvegetationswiththeattitudearesimilartothosewiththelatitude.)第6題判斷題(1分)二氧化碳和甲烷是常見(jiàn)的溫室氣體(CO2andmethanearecommongreenhousegases.)第7題判斷題(1分)大氣中，初級(jí)污染物在陽(yáng)光作用下能夠成為次級(jí)污染物，嚴(yán)重威脅人體健康。(Intheatmosphere,primarypollutescanbecomesecondarypolluteswiththeeffectofsunshine,severelythreateninghumanhealth.)第8題判斷題(1分)霾不僅包含塵，也可能包括硫酸、硝酸鹽和碳?xì)浠衔锏任⒘！?Hazedoesnotonlyincludeashes,butalsopossiblyincludesuchparticlesasvitriol,nitrateandhydrocarbon.)第9題判斷題(1分)歸化植物就是外來(lái)入侵植物。(Naturalizedplantsarealieninvasiveplants.)第10題判斷題(1分)及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)入侵物種并積極采取行動(dòng)，控制住了，以后就安全了。(Discoveringinvasivespeciestimelyandtakingactiveactionstocontrolthemwillensuresafetythereafter.)第11題第12題第13題第六章小測(cè)（TestforChapterSix）第1題多選題(1.5分)未來(lái)動(dòng)物育種需要的技術(shù)(Technologiesrequiredbyfutureanimalbreedinginclude:)A干細(xì)胞(Stemcells)B轉(zhuǎn)基因C克隆正確答案：ABC第2題多選題(1.5分)受精過(guò)程包括：(Thefertilizationprocessincludes:)A精子穿過(guò)卵丘細(xì)胞(Spermcrossesthecumuluscell.)B精子穿過(guò)透明帶(Spermcrossesthezonapellucida.)C精子穿過(guò)卵黃膜(Spermcrossestheyolkmembrane.)正確答案：ABC第3題多選題(1.5分)胚胎干細(xì)胞生物學(xué)特性：(Biologicalpropertiesofembryonicstemcells:)A體外無(wú)限擴(kuò)增(Limitlessvitroexpansion)B維持核型穩(wěn)定(Maintainkaryotypestability)C可分化為各種組織細(xì)胞(Maybedividedintovarioushistocytes.)正確答案：ABC第4題多選題(1.5分)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)性別決定而不影響胚胎發(fā)育的技術(shù)包括：(Thetechnologiesthatcanrealizesexdeterminationbutnotinfluenceembryonicdevelopmentinclude:)A流式分選將X和Y精子分開(kāi)(SeparatespermXandYbyflowsorting)B胚胎部分組織PCR(PartialembryonictissuePCR)C染色體核型分析(Karyotypeanalysis)正確答案：AB第5題多選題(1.5分)單性生殖包括：(Parthenogenesisincludes:)A孤雌生殖(Apomixia)B孤雄生殖(Patrogenesis)C再生(Regeneration)正確答案：AB第6題多選題(1.5分)下面哪個(gè)屬于小鼠品種：嵌合體(Whichofthefollowingsbelongtomousespecies:Chimera)A昆明白(Kunmingwhite)B嵌合體(Chimera)CC57正確答案：AC第7題單選題(1分)最早的體細(xì)胞克隆動(dòng)物是：(Theearliestsomaticcellcloninganimalis:)A綿羊(Sheep)B爪蟾(Xenopus)C小鼠(Mouse)第8題單選題(1分)體外受精又叫：(Externalfertilizationisalsonamed)A試管嬰兒(test-tubebaby)B借腹懷胎(pregnancyinalendingwomb)C動(dòng)物克隆(animalclone)第9題單選題(1分)胚胎移植又叫:(Embryotransplantationisalsonamed)A試管嬰兒(test-tubebaby)B借腹懷胎(pregnancyinalendingwomb)C動(dòng)物克隆(animalclone)第10題單選題(1分)體細(xì)胞核移植又叫:(Somaticcellnucleartransplantationisalsonamed)A試管嬰兒(test-tubebaby)B借腹懷胎(pregnancyinalendingwomb)C動(dòng)物克隆(animalclone)第11題單選題(1分)一個(gè)精原細(xì)胞經(jīng)過(guò)減數(shù)分裂最終形成幾個(gè)精子？(Howmanyspermswillaspermatophoreformaftermeiosis?)A1B4C8第12題單選題(1分)一個(gè)卵原細(xì)胞經(jīng)過(guò)減數(shù)分裂最終形成幾個(gè)卵子？(Howmanyovumswillaoogoniumformaftermeiosis?)A1B4C8第13題單選題(1分)生殖細(xì)胞是：(Agermcellis:)A二倍體(2-ploid)B單倍體(haploid)C多倍體(polyploidy)第14題單選題(1分)減數(shù)分裂過(guò)程中，染色體數(shù)目減半過(guò)程發(fā)生在：(Intheprocessofmeiosis,halfreductionofchromosomenumberhappensat:)A姐妹染色體分離(sisterchromosomesegregation)B同源染色體分離(homologuechromosomesegregation)C常染色體分離(autosomesegregation)第15題單選題(1分)通過(guò)流式分選可以將X和Y精子分開(kāi)，原理是根據(jù)：(FlowsortingcanseparatespermXandspermYaccordingtotheprinciple:)AX精子染色體體積大(ThechromosomeofspermXisinbigvolume)BY精子染色體體積大(ThechromosomeofspermYisinbigvolume)CX和Y精子外形不一樣(SpermXandspermYaredifferentinshape)第16題單選題(1分)受精后，卵子阻止其他精子入卵的機(jī)制：(Themechanismthatovumstopstheotherspermsfromenteringafterfertilizationis:)A頂體反應(yīng)(Acrosomalreaction)B卵黃膜皮質(zhì)反應(yīng)(Yolkskincorticalreaction.)C顆粒反應(yīng)(Particlereaction)第17題單選題(1分)人類(lèi)的衰老的本質(zhì)，主要是下面什么的衰老造成的：(Theessenceofhumanagingismainlytheagingofthefollowing:)A組織(Tissues)B細(xì)胞(Cells)C器官(Organs)第18題單選題(1分)青春期的代謝特征：(Themetaboliccharacteristicinpubertalperiodis:)A分解大于合成(Decompositionmorethancomposition)B合成大于分解(Compositionmorethandecomposition)C分解等于合成Decompositionequaltocomposition)第19題單選題(1分)卵子成熟排出后，停留在：(Thereleasedmatureovumwillstopat:)A減數(shù)第一次分裂中期(Middlephaseofthefirstmeiosis)B減數(shù)第二次分裂中期(Middlephaseofthesecondmeiosis)C減數(shù)分裂完成(Theendofmeiosis)第20題單選題(1分)物種形成的重要原因：(Thecriticalreasonforspeciesformationis:)A氣候變化(Climatechange)B環(huán)境隔離(Environmentisolation)C人為干預(yù)(Humanintervention)第21題多選題(1.5分)生殖細(xì)胞包括：(Germcellsinclude:)A精子(Sperm)B卵子(Ovum)C附植前胚胎(Preimplantationembryo)正確答案：AB第22題多選題(1分)胚胎移植生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)需要：(Thephysiologicalbasisforembryotransplantationneeds)A附植前胚胎處于游離狀態(tài)(Preimplantationembryostaysinfreestate)B子宮對(duì)早期胚胎的免疫耐受性(Womb’simmunologicaltolerancetoearlyembryo)C生殖器官的孕向發(fā)育(Pregnancy-orienteddevelopmentofthereproductionorgan)正確答案：ABC第23題多選題(1分)胚胎移植的原則：(Theprinciplesofembryotransplantation:)A供體與受體種屬、生理上的一致性(Thedonorandtheacceptorareunanimousinspeciesandphysiology)B發(fā)育階段與移植部位一致性(Thedevelopmentstageisinaccordancewiththetransplantedspot)C胚胎的發(fā)育期限可以是附植后的(Thedevelopmentstageofembryocanbeafterimplantation)正確答案：AB第24題多選題(1分)嵌合體技術(shù)是指：(Chimeratechnologyrefersto:)A將兩種或兩種以上染色體組成不同的細(xì)胞聚合形成胚胎或個(gè)體(Differentcellscomposedbytwoormorechromosomesaggregatetoformanembryoorindividual)B將兩種或兩種以上染色體組成不同的細(xì)胞融合形成胚胎或個(gè)體(Differentcellscomposedbytwoormorechromosomesfusetoformanembryoorindividual)C嵌合體個(gè)體可以產(chǎn)生嵌合細(xì)胞來(lái)源物種的生殖細(xì)胞(Chimeraindividualcangenerategermcellsofchimericcelloriginatedspecies)正確答案：AC第25題多選題(1分)近年發(fā)展的基因編輯新技術(shù)包括：(Thenewtechnologiesaboutgeneeditingdevelopedinrecentyearsinclude:)AZNF技術(shù)(ZNFtechnology)BTALEN技術(shù)(TALENtechnology)CCRISPR/Cas9技術(shù)(CRISPR/Cas9technology)正確答案：ABC第26題多選題(1分)CRISPR/Cas9技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：(CRISPR/Cas9technologyhastheadvantagesof:)A操作簡(jiǎn)單(Simpleoperation,)B效率高(Highefficiency)C不存在脫靶現(xiàn)象(Nomissphenomenon)正確答案：AB第27題多選題(1分)多能干細(xì)胞包括：(Multipotentstemcellsinclude:)AES細(xì)胞(EScell)BiPS細(xì)胞(iPScell)C成體干細(xì)胞(Adultstemcell)正確答案：AB第28題多選題(1.5分)多能干細(xì)胞可以分化為：(Multipotentstemcellscanbedividedinto:)A肌肉細(xì)胞(Musclecell)B外胚層組織細(xì)胞(Ectodermhistocyte)C內(nèi)胚層組織細(xì)胞(Entodermhistocyte)正確答案：ABC第29題多選題(1.5分)下面的技術(shù)屬于克隆技術(shù)的是：(Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesbelongtoclonetechnology:)A核移植(Nucleartransplantation)B胚胎分割(Embryosplitting)C胚胎嵌合(Embryogomphosis)正確答案：AB第30題多選題(1.5分)干細(xì)胞應(yīng)用需注意：(Stemcellapplicationshouldconcern:)A流程規(guī)范(Processnorm)B符合倫理(Ethicconformity)C法律允許(Legalpermit)正確答案：ABC第31題判斷題(1分)試管嬰兒即胎兒在體外試管環(huán)境生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育直到出生的技術(shù)。(IVFreferstothetechnologyinwhichthefetusgrowsanddevelopsinatesttubeenvironmentoutsidethebodyuntilbirth.)第32題判斷題(1分).體外受精即是將精子和卵子人為控制在體外完成受精過(guò)程發(fā)育成胚胎，再將胚胎移植給受體母親，出生嬰兒的技術(shù)。(Invitrofertilization(IVF)isatechnologywherebyspermandovumareartificiallyfertilizedinvitrotodevelopintoembryos,whicharethentransferredtotherecipientmothertogivebirthtoababy.)第33題判斷題(1分)體細(xì)胞核移植出生的克隆動(dòng)物，其遺傳物質(zhì)完全來(lái)自體細(xì)胞。(Thegeneticmaterialofclonedanimalswhichareb