GrammarandusageUnit4ExploringliteratureLearningaims:Identifyandcategorizetheusageofmodalverbs;Summarizegeneralrulesofmodalverbs;Distinguishandusetherightmodalverbstofinishtasksofofferingsuggestionsandmakingrules.Lead-inHowdoyouchoosebooks?PresentationBelowisanarticleabouthowtochoosebooks.ReadthearticleandfillinthechartbelowTheauthor’sviewpointGetideasfrom_______________.Develop____________________.differentsourcesyourowntaste◆

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________________________________________________Askyourfriends,parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.Readbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Decideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Lookforbooksontopicsthatinterestyou.workingouttherulesworkingouttherules情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情感態(tài)度

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，即表示人的情感和態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞。ThefeaturesofModalverbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化;其否定形式在后面直接加not情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形WhatModalVerbsdoyouknow?Modalverbscouldmaymightshallshouldoughttomustwouldwillcancan&could1.表能力Hecaneatabucketofrice.2.表推測(cè)，“可能”，用于疑問句或否定句Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?Couldyoulendmeahand?3.表請(qǐng)求或許可（表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，could比can語氣更委婉）Ithinkitcan’tbetrue.Canthenewsbetrue?may&

might1.表許可或征詢對(duì)方許可MayIcomein?Whereishefrom?Hemay/mightfromChenzhou.2.表把握不大的推測(cè)，“或許”、“可能”。

常用于肯定句，might比may可能性小(口語中常用might代may表委婉語氣)Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t./Wouldyougivemesomeadvice?will&

would(1)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過去的習(xí)慣。Marywilllistentomusicforhoursinherroom.IwouldtakeawalkaftersupperwhenIwasyoung.(2)表示意愿。Thebabywon’tgotosleep.(3)表示請(qǐng)求，would比will更委婉些。must(1)表示必要性。must意為“必須”，否定式mustn't表示“不許”。Imustgonow.Youmustn'tforgetyourticket.oughtto表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），語氣比should稍重。你是他的父親，你應(yīng)該照顧他。你應(yīng)該建更多的圖書館。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.Yououghttobuildmorelibraries.should(2)表較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的猜測(cè)，推斷，意為“可能，應(yīng)該”

你應(yīng)該按時(shí)完成你的測(cè)驗(yàn)。周末這條街應(yīng)該很擁擠。(1)表責(zé)任或義務(wù)，應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)Youshouldcompleteyourtestintime.Thestreetshouldbecrowedatweekends.shall我?guī)湍惆嵯渥雍脝?你將得到這本雜志。他將按照我告訴他的去做。學(xué)生考試時(shí)不得使用計(jì)算器。(1)在疑問句中，表示建議或征求意見。ShallIhelpyouwiththebox?(2)表示承諾或要求Youshallhavethemagazine.HeshalldoasItellhim.(3)用于正式文件、法律、規(guī)章制度等，表示規(guī)定。Studentsshallnotusecalculatorsduringexams.補(bǔ)充：

Weneedtofinishthejobbeforedark.Youneedn’thurryasthere’splentytimeleft.

Hedaredtotravelabroadwhenhewasyoung.Howdareyouletyourlittlechildgoout

alone?

我們必須在天黑前完成這項(xiàng)工作。你不必著急，還剩下很多時(shí)間。他年輕時(shí)敢于出國旅行。你怎么敢讓你的小孩單獨(dú)出去?dare(敢于，敢)與need（需要）dare和need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，常用于疑問句和否定句中。同時(shí)也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞隨主語變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+

進(jìn)行式+

完成式+被動(dòng)式(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doing)(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done)(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done)Jackmaybereadinginthelibrary.Tommusthavearrivedhomebynow.Theroadmaybeblocked.SuggestionAbilityNecessityPossibilityWhatshallIread?...youcangetideasfromdifferentsources...Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewinnespapers,inmagazinesoronline.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwetherabookisworthreadingornot....whatbooksyououghttoread.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection....youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtaste...WorkingouttherulesModalverbscanexpressabilityornecessity.Theycanalsomakesuggestionsordescribetheprobabilityofanevent.Thesamemodalverbhavedifferentfunctions.Modalverbscanbefollowedby.*Youcanchoosesomemorethanoneanswerfortheblank.ado(thebaseform)bdoing(thev-ingform)cdid(thepastform)dbedone(thepassivevoice)ebedoing(thecontinuousform)fhavedone(theperfectform)adefB1

For

the

following

groups

of

three

sentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.

a

CanIkeepthebookformorethantwoweeks?

bNickcanreadmoreinanafternoonthanIcaninaweek!

cCanMaryfinishWarandPeaceinamonth?aIamafraidImaybeunabletofinishthisnoveltoday.

bItmaybedifficultforpeopletoagreeonwhatgoodliteratureis.

cYoumaygotothelibrarytomorrowafternoon,ifyouhavetime.√√requestabilityabilitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestiona

ImustfinishwritingthebookreviewandhanditinbeforeWednesday.

bYoumustbetiredafterthreehours’reading.cStudentsmustdevelopthehabitofreadingclassicliterature.aHenryshouldbereadingbooksinthelibrary.

bIhavefiftydollars—thatshouldbeenoughforthreebooks.

cReadingEnglishnovelshasgreatlyincreasedmyvocabulary—youshouldtryittoo.√√necessitypossibilitynecessitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionB2Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodelverbsinbrackets.

WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol,Ithought,“I(1)

(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It(2)

(hasto/must)beveryboring.”Surprisingly,itturnedouttheexactopposite.I(3)

(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkindsofcelebr