寧波市學年第一學期高考模擬考試英語試卷第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共5小題每小題5分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Buysomefreshfruit.B.Returnaphonecall.C.Dosomecleaning.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Mymomcalledjustnow,sayingshewouldmoveinattheendoftheweek.needtoclearoutthekitchen.M:Goodidea.Idon’twanthertocriticizeus.Thefirstthingweshoulddoisthrowoutthesebadfruits.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howmuchshouldthemanpayforthebeer?A.$3.B.$6.C.$9.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:So,areyoureadytopay?M:Actually,there’saproblemwithourbill.ordered2beers,butyouchargedus$9.W:MyapologiesImusthavemixedupthetables.I’lltake$6andgiveyouanewbill.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhatwillKevinberesponsiblefor?A.Histuitionfees.B.Hisphonecharges.C.Hisfamilyexpenses.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Kevin,Ithinkit’stimewetalkedaboutyoutakingmorefinancialresponsibility.M:Like,formycollegefee?Idon’tthinkmypart-timejobcoversthat.W:Isee,butyoucanmanagesomesmallerexpenses,likeyourphonebills.第1頁/共27頁4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inahotel.C.Atagrocery.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ah…theheatiskillingme.Ineedsomecoldwater.W:Ohnocannottakeasipfromthetap!notathome.can’tdrinkfromthetapsinhotels.Thewater’snotsafehere.Let’sgetsomebottledwateratthegrocerynearby.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanforgettodo?A.Settleadebt.B.Checkhisapp.C.Senda【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Thisiskindofawkward,butrememberthemoneyIlentyou?Couldyoupaymeback?M:totally.Sorry.Ikeepforgetting.I’llittoyou.第二節(jié)共小題每小題5分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whowillthewomanmeettonight?A.Someformercolleagues.B.Agroupofoldfriends.C.Heruniversitypeers.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Envious.B.Astonished.C.Frustrated.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】M:Joyce,youlookgreat!W:Thankyou.I’mgoingoutforagirl’snightwithmyfriendsfromhighschool.第2頁/共27頁M:Oh,fun.IwishIwerestillthattightwithmyhighschoolfriends.Butmostofusgrewapartinuniversity.W:friendshipsaren’teasytomaintain.allbusy.Lifegetsintheway.needtomakeaconstanttostayconnected.M:It’snicethatyouhavefriendswhoknowyouinsideandoutandalwayshaveyourback!聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatisthewoman’smainconcern?A.Gainingpracticalskills.B.Doingacademicresearch.C.Findinganaffordableprogram.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandapplicant.B.Lecturerandassistant.C.Advisorandstudent.10.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Applyforascholarship.B.Registerfortheprogram.C.Considertheman’sadvice.【答案】8.A9.C10.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Mr.Jones.CouldIaskyouafewquestionsaboutgraduateschool?M:Ofcourse!AreyouthinkingaboutdoingaMasterofEconomics?W:Iam,butI’dliketoknowmoreabouttheprogramsandhowlongtheytake.M:Mosttakeaboutayearortwo.youlikeanacademicprogramoramanagementprogram?W:No.Idon’twanttobeaprofessororamanager.I’dpreferonethatfocusesmoreonjobskills.M:howaboutatrainingprogram?It’llhelpyougainexperience.It’llcostmorethan$25,000,buttherearelotsofscholarships!W:Thanksfortheadvice.I’lllookintothat.M:OK!canaskmeanytimeifyouhavequestions.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfindhercurrentjob?A.Satisfying.B.C.Entertaining.12.Whydoesthemanthankthewoman?A.Shesharedcreativeideas.B.Shehadapositiveattitude.C.Shealwayssupportedhim.13.Whatdoesthewomanfinallydecidetodo?第3頁/共27頁A.Findasimilarposition.B.Createvideocontent.C.Serveasateacher.【答案】A12.C13.B【解析】【原文】W:Ron,doyouhaveamoment?Iwashopingtotalktoyouaboutsomething.M:Oh,Rina,ofcourse.What’sit?W:Ijustwanttosayworkingherehasbeenthemostrewardingexperienceofmyprofessionallife.M:I’mgladtohearthat.W:ButI’vedecidedthatit’stimetomoveon.beensuchabrilliantteacherandrolemodeltome.M:Ialsolearntalotfromyou.Thankyouforbackingmeup.Idon’tsupposeIcouldaskyoutostay?W:No,sorry.I’vemadeupmymind.I’llalwaysholdthisexperiencenearanddeartomyheart.M:Thankyou.Ireallyappreciateyoutakingachanceonus.Ifyoudon’tmindmeasking,whereareyoutonext?W:I’mbecomingafull-timevideo-maker.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】14.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Hehasarunningnose.B.Hehasachestpain.C.Hehasaheartache.15.Whendidthesymptomsbegin?A.Lastweek.B.Thismorning.C.Threedaysago.16.Whatdoesthewomanarrangefortheman?A.Anonlineconsultation.B.Amedicalexamination.C.Anurgentoperation.17.Whathadthemaninitiallyplannedtodotonight?A.Havealargemeal.B.Restathome.C.Orderaticket.【答案】14.B15.C16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:Michael!WhatcanIdoforyoutoday?M:Ms.Green,IfeellikeI’mdying!Idon’tknowifI’mjusttiredorwhat,butI’mnotmyself!I’vehadrandomchestpains.W:Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?Doyouhavearunnynose?M:No,Ithinkit’ssomethingelse.Ihavefeltsickforthepastthreedays.第4頁/共27頁W:itcouldbeheartburn.DofattyfoodsordrinkslikesetitM:No,Idon’tButthesechestpainshavemeworried!Doyouthinkitcouldbecancer?W:Ithinkweneedtodosomescansandbloodworktonarrowthisdown.I’llbookyouforanappointmentAnddon’teatanythingbeforetomorrow’stest.M:ButI’mgoingoutforatonight!Ialreadyboughttheticketslastweek.I’vebeenlookingforwardtoitforalongtime.W:No,notanymore.Doctor’sorders!聽下面一段對白，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlackofsleep?A.Itinfluenceslearningability.B.Itcausesemotionalproblems.C.Itmainlyphysicalhealth.19.Whydoesthespeakersuggestkeepingasleepdiary?A.improvememory.B.tracksleepactivities.C.findpropersleeptime.20.Whatisthespeaker’slasttipforbettersleep?A.Keepingthesameschedule.B.Goingtobedearlyeveryday.C.Sleepinginaquietenvironment.【答案】18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,welcometomyprogram!Thetopictodayissleep.Recentresearchhasshownthatpeoplearenotsleepingenough!Morethanathirdofadultsaremissingoutonprecioussleeptimeeachweek.Notsleepingenoughcangreatlyimpactyourvisualattentionandmemory,aswellasyourabilitytolearn.Sowhatdowedotoimproveoursleepquality?First,everyoneisdifferent,soyouneedtolearnhowmuchsleepyouactuallyneedeachnight.keepingasleepdiaryforthis.Aslongasyoufeelrefreshedandenergizedthenextday,you’regoodtogo.Next,determineyourbody’snaturalrhythm.Somepeoplearenaturalearlybirdsandothersnotsomuch.Findoutwhenyourbodynaturallywantstosleep,anddon’tfightit!Thelasttipiscrucial:stayconsistentwithyoursleepschedule!Honestly,consistencyisthebestwayofgettingrestandfeelingrested.shouldalsobuildregularity,likewithmealtimes,inyourdailyschedulearoundyournew-foundsleepconsistencyforthebestresults.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題5分，滿分5分)第5頁/共27頁閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheupcomingwinterseasonaselectionofthefinest,quickest,toughestandmostdelightfulrunningeventsacrosstheUKforthoseseekingadventureorcommunityspirit.●1Doyourselfafavourandbringtowelsandplasticbagswithyou,becauseeverybitofgearyouwearduringthiseventislikelytobecakedwithmudbytheend.Therefore,theorganisershavedonewelltoensuretherearechangingroomsandshowersavailableforallrunners.●8Digthatheadflashlightoutofthemessydrawerforthisafter-darkrunorwalkforagoodcause.havea5Kroute,whichwindsthroughtheforestattheStIvesEstate.Therouteisfarfromflatandwillalmostcertainlybemuddyinplaces,somakesureyourbatteriesarewellchargedincasethereareemergencies.●Thiseventisrunbyamostenvironmentallyconsciousorganiserinthecountry,andisthereforeonlyopentolocalrunnerstoreducecartravel.Anothergreatfeatureisthat￡7.50ofthe￡10entryfeegoesstraighttoalocalcharitythatsupportspeoplewithcancer,makingthisoneofthemostpositive-impacteventsthatyoucouldpossiblyfind.●Mapledurham10&Half,29DecemberMapledurhameventsarealwayswellorganisedand,withunpleasantweatherlikely,you'llhavetodealwithsomemudonthevariousuphillsanddownhillsonwhicheverofthe10K,10-mileorhalf-marathoncoursesyouchoose.Theorganisershaveprioritisedfindingagoodrouteoverprecisemeasurements,soallthreeraceshavearatherlooserelationshipwiththeirstateddistance.21.Whichwebsiteinformationfornightrunparticipants?A.sueryder.orgB.racebest.comC.eventrac.co.ukD.mstevents.co.uk第6頁/共27頁22.WhatmakestheMapledurhameventsunique?A.Eco-friendlygoals.B.Flexibleracedistances.C.Strongcharityfocus.D.Muddyrunningcourses.23.Whichcolumnofamagazineisthetextprobablyfrom?A.B.AthleteProfiles.C.NewsInsight.D.RaceGuide.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國冬季即將舉辦的四場跑步賽事，包括賽事日期、特色、注意事項及官方網站，為跑步愛好者提供賽事參考?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據“SolsticeStrider,8December”部分中的“Digthatheadflashlightoutofthemessydrawerforthisafter-darkrunorwalkforagoodcause.(從亂糟糟的抽屜里找出頭燈，參加這場夜間跑步或步行公益活動。)”可知，這場賽事是夜間舉辦的，其官方網站為sueryder.org。故選A。【22題詳解】Mapledurham10&Half,29December”部分中的“Theorganisershaveprioritisedfindingagoodrouteoverprecisemeasurements,soallthreeraceshavearatherlooserelationshipwiththeirstateddistance.(組織者優(yōu)先考慮找到一條好的路線，而不是精確測量，所以這三場比賽與它們所聲明的距離之間的關系相當松散。)”可知，Mapledurham賽事的獨特之處在于其靈活的比賽距離。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Theupcomingwinterseasonaselectionofthefinest,quickest,toughestandmostdelightfulrunningeventsacrosstheUKforthoseseekingadventureorcommunityspirit.(即將到來的冬季為那些尋求冒險或團隊精神的人提供了英國各地最精彩、最快、最艱難、最令人愉快的跑步賽事。)”以及下文對四個跑步賽事的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了英國即將到來的冬季跑步賽事，包括賽事名稱、日期、特點以及相關信息查詢網址，因此這篇文章可能來自雜志的“賽事指南”專欄。故選D。BLastspring,myneighborDonnaandI,bothinourseventies,spentseveralhoursintheglorioussunshineenjoyingthenewseason.Whenitwastimetositdownandrelax,Donnapulledoutherredmetalchairfromhergarage(車庫),andIsatonanoverturnedplasticbucket(桶).Itwasfuntocatchuponthenewsthatwehadmissedduringthelongwinterindoors.第7頁/共27頁However,overthenextfewdays,itturnedoutthatweneededmorethanachairandabucketwhichwerenotquitecomfortable.Donnadecidedweneededabench.Afterdismissingunsuitableoptionsfromlocalstores,shefoundaperfectoneonline.Thenextdayitarrived.Excitedly,sheopenedtheboxandstartedputtingittogether.proudlyhigh-fivedeachotherasthepiecesjoinedupandthebenchstartedtolooklikeone.Afterafewminutes’assistancefromaneighbour,itwascomplete.What’smore,itwastheperfectfitfortwo70-somethingstocarryonlateafternoonchats.Soon,thebenchattractedotherneighbors.Oneday,someonecalledoutfromthesidewalk,“Whatdoyoudoonthatbench?”Quick-thinkingDonnacalledback,“It’sour‘ThinkingBench’!thinkaboutimportantthingshappeninginourlives.”Then,thenamegraduallyevolved—afteroneneighborsatalonedeepinthought,hedeclaredita“Decision-MakingBench”;anothertime,whenDonnawascaughtnapping,sheinsistedshewas“meditating(冥想)”,addingyetanothername.Lastfall,withthetemperaturefalling,wecametotheendofsittingoutdoors.werefacedwithonedilemma-whattodoaboutitinthewinter?wesatdownandthoughtandmeditatedanddecidedtoputitinDonna’sgarageforthewinter.WhenIglimpseditafewtimesoverthenextmonths,thebenchsatlonely,holdingemptyflowerpots,andsomeflat,oldboxes.Butnowafteralongwinter,springflowersarereadytobloominthewarmsunshine,andweneighboursarereadytowelcome“TheBench”backintoourlives.24.Donnadecidedtoreplacethechairandbucketto_________.A.lightenthecarryingloadB.attractmoreneighboursC.getbetterseatingforchatsD.adapttowarmerweather25.Howdidthebenchgetitsvariousnames?A.Fromitemsplacedonit.B.Fromseasonaldiscussions.C.Fromusers’activitiesonit.D.FromDonna’screativeideas.26.Whyarepotsandboxesmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.suggesttheflowerswouldsoonbeplanted.B.showthebenchwasnotservingitspurpose.C.describethebench’spracticaluseinwinter.D.explainwhythebenchneededwinterstorage.27.Whatdoes“TheBench”representbythestory’send?A.Asymbolofcommunitybonds.B.Asolutiontotheagingproblem.C.Areminderofthepastsummer.D.Amemoryofavaluedonlineorder.【答案】24.C25.C26.B27.A第8頁/共27頁【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者和鄰居唐娜在戶外放置長椅，長椅吸引鄰居們一起聊天、思考、做決定，最終成為鄰里情誼象征的故事。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“However,overthenextfewdays,itturnedoutthatweneededmorethanachairandabucketwhichwerenotquitecomfortable.Donnadecidedweneededabench.()”以及“What’smore,itwastheperfectfitfortwo70-somethingstocarryonlateafternoonchats.(70)選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Then,thenamegraduallyevolved—afteroneneighborsatalonedeepinthought,hedeclaredita‘Decision-MakingBench’;anothertime,whenDonnawascaughtnapping,sheinsistedshewas‘meditating’,addingyetanothername.(是一個‘決策長椅’；還有一次，當唐娜被發(fā)現打盹時，她堅持說自己在‘冥想’，于是又加了一個名字。)”可知，長凳的名字來源于使用者在長凳上的活動。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“WhenIglimpseditafewtimesoverthenextmonths,thebenchsatlonely,holdingemptyflowerpots,andsomeflat,oldboxes.Butnowafteralongwinter,springflowersarereadytobloominthewarmsunshine,andweneighboursarereadytowelcome“TheBench”backintoourlives.(在接下來的幾個月里，當我瞥見它幾次時，長凳孤零零地立著，上面放著空花盆和一些扁平的舊盒子。但是現在，經過一個漫長的冬天，春天的花朵已經準備好在溫暖的陽光下綻放，我們鄰居們也準備好歡迎‘長凳’回到我們的生活中。)”可知，長凳上放著空花盆和舊盒子，說明長凳在冬天沒有發(fā)揮它的作用，即讓鄰居們一起聊天、思考、做決定。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Soon,thebenchattractedotherneighbors.()”以及最后一段中的“Butnowafteralongwinter,springflowersarereadytobloominthewarmsunshine,andweneighboursarereadytowelcome‘TheBench’backintoourlives.(已經準備好在溫暖的陽光下綻放，我們鄰居們也準備好歡迎‘長凳’回到我們的生活中。)”可知，長凳吸引了鄰居們一起聊天、思考、做決定，它最終象征著鄰里間的情誼聯結。故選A。第9頁/共27頁CWhatifyoucouldmeetmostofyourdailyneeds-shopping,work,education,healthcare-withina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromyourhome?Thisistheexcitingvisionofthe“15-minutecity”,anurbanplanningconceptthatgainedglobalattentionyearsago.However,puttingitintopracticehassparkedunexpectedandfierceopposition.TheconceptwaspopularizedbyMayorAnneHidalgoofParisandbasedontheresearchofFrenchscholarCarlosMoreno.Itsuggestsamovefromcityplanningcenteredmainlyoncarstoonefocusedon“chronic-urbanism”.Thegoalistoreturnurbanspacetopeople,withmoreparksandstreetsforwalking.Advocatesarguethatthismodeladdressesmultiplecrisesallatthesametime:climatechange,socialisolation,andpublichealth.Despiteitsapparentbenefits,opponentshavemisrepresentedtheideaonline,framingitasasecretgovernmentplantocontrolpeople’sfreemovement.Whiletheseclaimsarebaseless,theyhavegainedsupport,influencingpublicopinionandmakingitharderforcitieslikeOxfordandMelbournetocarryouttheconcept.Therealissue,however,goesdeeperthanmisinformation.Itpointstoafundamentalprobleminurbaninnovation:thedifficultyofimaginingalifelessdependentontheprivatecar.Fordecades,thecarhassymbolizedpersonalfreedomandstatus.Anypolicythatseemstoreducecaruse,evenifitaimstoenhanceoverallqualityoflife,canmakepeoplefeelemotionallyupset.Thisreflectswhattransportexpertscall“cardependency”,aculturalanddeep-rootedhabitthatishardtobreak.Thesituationmirrorspasturbanconflicts.Forinstance,manypeopleopposedcreatingwalking-onlystreetsincitycentersdecadesago,butnow,suchareasaremostlylovedandvalued.Theexpertsofarecentstudyonsustainabletransitionconcludethatthebattleforthe15-minutecityisnotjustaboutplanning;it’saboutmessaging.Successdependsnotonlyonsmartdesignbutalsooneffectivelyconveyingitsvisionofamoresustainableandhumanurbanfuture.28.Whatcanwelearnabout“chronic-urbanism”inparagraph2?A.Itgivesmorespacetopeople.B.Itaimstoexpandroadnetworks.C.Itfocusesoncardevelopment.D.ItwascreatedbyCarlosMoreno.29.Whatdotheopponentsthinkofthe15-minutecity?A.B.Money-wasting.C.Freedom-limiting.D.30.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thechallengeofalesscar-centeredlife.B.Thesignificanceofprivatecars.第10頁/共27頁C.Thepublic’sreactionstoanewpolicy.D.Thedefinitionofcardependency.31.Whatdoestheexperts’conclusionimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Publicopinionsaretoohardtochange.B.Sustainabletransitionisthetoppriority.C.Communicationmattersasmuchasdesign.D.Planningshouldsendaninnovativemessage.【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.C【解析】15處，但遭不實反對，核心阻力是汽車依賴，其推行需兼顧設計與有效傳遞可持續(xù)人文城市愿景?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Itsuggestsamovefromcityplanningcenteredmainlyoncarstoonefocusedon“chronic-urbanism”.Thegoalistoreturnurbanspacetopeople,withmoreparksandstreetsforwalking.(它主張從主要以汽車為中心的城市規(guī)劃轉向以“慢性城市主義”為核心的規(guī)劃模式。其目標是將城市空間還給市民，增加更多的公園和步行街道)A。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Despiteitsapparentbenefits,opponentshavemisrepresentedtheideaonline,framingitasasecretgovernmentplantocontrolpeople’sfreemovement.Whiletheseclaimsarebaseless,theyhavegainedsupport,influencingpublicopinionandmakingitharderforcitieslikeOxfordandMelbournetocarryouttheconcept.(秘密計劃。盡管這些說法毫無根據，但它們卻獲得了支持，影響了公眾輿論，使得像牛津和墨爾本這樣的城市難以推行這一理念)”可知，反對者們認為“15分鐘城市”限制了自由。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第四段“Therealissue,however,goesdeeperthanmisinformation.Itpointstoafundamentalprobleminurbaninnovation:thedifficultyofimaginingalifelessdependentontheprivatecar.Fordecades,thecarhassymbolizedpersonalfreedomandstatus.Anypolicythatseemstoreducecaruse,evenifitaimstoenhanceoverallqualityoflife,canmakepeoplefeelemotionallyupset.Thisreflectswhattransportexpertscall“cardependency”,aculturalanddeep-rootedhabitthatishardtobreak.(然而，真正的問題遠不止是信息傳播不準確這么簡單。它揭示了城市創(chuàng)新中一個根本性的難題：難以想象一種不再過度依賴私家車的生活方式。數十年來，汽車一直象征著個人自由和地位。任何看似減少汽車使用量的政策，即便其目的是提升整體生活質量，也會讓人們產生情緒上的不適。這反映了交通專家所說的“對汽車的依賴”，這是一種根深蒂固的文化習慣，很難改變)”可知，本段主要講了一種少依賴汽車的生活方式所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。第11頁/共27頁【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Theexpertsofarecentstudyonsustainabletransitionconcludethatthebattleforthe15-minutecityisnotjustaboutplanning;it’saboutmessaging.Successdependsnotonlyonsmartdesignbutalsooneffectivelyconveyingitsvisionofamoresustainableandhumanurbanfuture.(最近一項關于可持續(xù)轉型的研究專家得出結論：這場關于打造“15分鐘城市”的競爭不僅關乎規(guī)劃，還關乎宣傳策略。成功的關鍵不僅在于巧妙的設計，還在于有效地傳達其對于更可持續(xù)、更人性化城市未來的愿景)”可知，最后一段專家們的結論意味著交流與設計同樣重要。故選C。DDavidUttal,ascientistatNorthwesternUniversity,hasalwaysbeenpooratfindinghisway.At13,hegotlostonaBoyScouthikefortwoandahalfdays.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeUttal-andtheiropposites,thefolkswhoalwaysseemtoknowexactlywheretheyareandhowtogetwheretheywanttogo.Thesedifferencesareobvious,butexplainingthemhasprovedchallenging.Now,researchusingvirtualrealitysuggeststhattosomeextent,navigational(導航的)skillsareshapedbyupbringing.A2020studyhighlightedthis.Theresearcherscomparedtheperformanceofmorethan2,600twinsastheynavigatedthroughavirtualenvironmenttotestwhethernavigationalabilityrunsinfamilies.Itdoes,theyfound—butonlymodestly.Instead,thebiggestcontributortopeople’sperformancewaswhatgeneticistscall“nonsharedenvironmentalfactors”—theuniqueexperienceseachpersonaccumulatesastheirlifeunfolds.Goodnavigators,itappears,aremostlymade,notborn.Anotherlarge-scaleexperimentprovidedfurtherinsight.Researchersdevelopedasmartphonegame,“SeaHeroQuest”,inwhichplayersnavigatethroughavirtualenvironmenttolocatecheckpoints.Basedondatafromnearlyfourmillionplayersworldwide,theydiscoveredthatculturalfactorswerelinkedtowayfindingskills.PeoplefromNordiccountries,wherethenavigationsportoforienteeringispopular,performedslightlybetter.Resultslikethesesuggestthatlifeexperiencemaybeoneofthebiggestdeterminantsofnavigationalability.Indeed,experiencemayevenunderlieoneofthemostconsistentfindingsinnavigation:thatmentendtoperformbetterthanwomen.outthisgendergapismoreaquestionofcultureandexperiencethanofbornability.Nordiccountries,forexample,wheregenderequalityisgreatest,showalmostnogenderdifferenceinnavigation.Incontrast,menfaroutperformwomeninplaceswherewomenfaceculturalrestrictionsonexploringtheirenvironment.Uttal,thesefindingscarryanoptimisticimplication.“Thegoodnewsisthatnavigationistrainable,”henotes,“It’snevertoolatetobecomeabetternavigator.justneedtogiveyourselfopportunitiestoexploreand第12頁/共27頁payattentiontoyoursurroundings.”32.Whatdidthe2020studyontwinsrevealaboutnavigationalability?A.Itislargelydeterminedbygenes.B.Itislearnedthroughexperience.C.Itvarieslittleamongindividuals.D.Itremainsconstantinaperson’slife.33.Howwasthe“SeaHeroQuest”experimentconducted?A.Bytestingbrainactivityduringplay.B.Byobservinghowplayersnavigate.C.BycomparingtheNordicswithothers.D.Byanalyzingsmartphonegamedata.34.Whydomenoftenoutperformwomeninnavigation?A.Menbenefitfrompracticingsports.B.lackinterestindoingso.C.Menpossessstrongerspacememory.D.havefewerchancestoexplore.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatCan“SeaHeroQuest”Us?B.WhyDoSomePeopleAlwaysGetLost?C.HowDoesVRImproveNavigationalSkills?D.WhoAreBetterNavigators:Menor【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.B【解析】航能力受后天經歷、文化因素影響更大，男女表現差異源于環(huán)境探索機會，且該能力可訓練?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Instead,thebiggestcontributortopeople’sperformancewaswhatgeneticistscall“nonsharedenvironmentalfactors”—theuniqueexperienceseachpersonaccumulatesastheirlifeunfolds.Goodnavigators,itappears,aremostlymade,notborn.(相反，對人們表現影響最大的因素是遺傳學家所說的“非共同環(huán)境因素”——即每個人在其人生歷程中所積累的獨特經歷?？磥?，優(yōu)秀的領航員大多是后天培養(yǎng)出來的，而非天生具備的)”可知，2020年關于雙胞胎的研究揭示了關于導航能力是通過經驗習得的。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Researchersdevelopedasmartphonegame,“SeaHeroQuest”,inwhichplayersnavigatethroughavirtualenvironmenttolocatecheckpoints.Basedondatafromnearlyfourmillionplayersworldwide,theydiscoveredthatculturalfactorswerelinkedtowayfindingskills.(研究人員開發(fā)了一款名為“海400)析智能手機游戲數據開展。故選D。第13頁/共27頁【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“Incontrast,menfaroutperformwomeninplaceswherewomenfaceculturalrestrictionsonexploringtheirenvironment.(環(huán)境的地區(qū)，男性的表現要遠遠優(yōu)于女性)”可知，男性在導航方面往往比女性表現得更好是因為女性獲得的探索機會更少。故選D?！?5題詳解】DavidUttal,ascientistatNorthwesternUniversity,hasalwaysbeenpooratfindinghisway.At13,hegotlostonaBoyScouthikefortwoandahalfdays.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeUttal-andtheiropposites,thefolkswhoalwaysseemtoknowexactlywheretheyareandhowtogetwheretheywanttogo.(西北大學的科學家大衛(wèi)·烏塔爾向來都不擅長辨別方向。在他13歲時，他在一次童子軍徒步活動中迷路了整整兩天半。這個世界上到處都是像烏塔爾這樣的人——以及與他們相反的那種人，后者似乎總是能準確地知道自己所處的位置以及如何到達想去的地方)”結合文章圍繞導航（識別路線）能力差異展開，通過雙胞胎機會，且該能力可訓練?？芍?，B選項“為什么有些人總是迷路呢？”符合文章主題，最適合用作標題。故選B。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題5分，滿分5分)Asourdogsentertheirgoldenyears,whattheyneedfortheircontinuedcomfortandhappinesswillchange.____36____Itinvolvesacomprehensiveapproachthatcoverstheirchanginghealth,mobility,andemotionalwell-being.It’simportanttostayontopoftheirhealthwithregularvetcheck-upstohelpdetectanyage-relatedissuesearlyon.Thisway,conditionssuchasjointpainormentaldeclinecanbemanagedeffectively,ensuringyourseniordogisgettingthecaretheyneed.Remembertokeepacloseeyeontheirbehavior.____37____Asyourdogages,theirnutritionalneedswillchange,too.It’sessentialtochangetheirdietandmonitortheirweighttopreventanyobesity-relatedhealthissues.____38____Alsoconsidergivingsupplementssuchasamultivitaminwhichincludesjoint-supportingingredients,aswellashealthyfatswhichhelpimprovebrainfunctionandsupporthealthyskin.dogmightnotbeaslivelyastheyoncewere,soadjustingtheirexerciseroutinemakessense.____39____Activitieslikeswimmingaregreat,too,astheyprovideall-roundexercisetomaintainmusclemassandjointflexibilitywithoutputtingstressontheiroldbones.第14頁/共27頁____40____Spendqualitytimewithyourseniordog,engaginginactivitiestheylove.companionshipisinvaluabletothem.athoughtfulapproachtotheirneeds,youcanensurethatyourloyalcompanionenjoystheirlateryearswithdignity,comfort,andthelovetheydeserve.Remember,you’renotaloneinthis.Getintouchwithyourvetorfellowpetparentsifyouneedadviceorsupport.A.Choosehigh-qualityseniordogfood.B.Butpreventivecareisbetterthantreatment.C.Anysmallrelevantshiftsareoftenthefirstclues.D.Emotionalwell-beingshouldnotbeoverlooked.E.Thinkgentlewalksinsteadofintensefetchsessions.F.Don’tforgettorewardthemwiththeirfavoritetreatsafterexercise.G.careofyourseniordoggoesbeyondregularwalksandmeals.【答案】36.G37.C38.A39.E40.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了如何照顧進入老年期的狗狗?！?6題詳解】下文“Itinvolvesacomprehensiveapproachthatcoverstheirchanginghealth,mobility,andemotionalwell-being.(這需要一種全面的方法，涵蓋它們不斷變化的健康狀況、行動能力和情感福祉。)”提到照顧老年狗狗需要全面的方法。G選項：照顧老年狗狗不僅僅是日常散步和喂食。引出下文的論述。選項G中的“goesbeyondregularwalksandmealstakingcareofyourseniordog”對應下文“it”的指代，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳解】上文“It’simportanttostayontopoftheirhealthwithregularvetcheck-upstohelpdetectanyage-relatedissuesearlyon.Thisway,conditionssuchasjointpainormentaldeclinecanbemanagedeffectively,ensuringyourseniordogisgettingthecaretheyneed.Remembertokeepacloseeyeontheirbehavior.(定期帶狗狗去看獸醫(yī)，及時掌握它們的健康狀況，有助于及早發(fā)現任何與年齡相關的問題。這樣一來，關節(jié)疼痛或智力衰退等情況就能得到有效控制，確保老年狗狗獲得所需的照料。記得密切關注它們的行為舉止。)”強調要通過定期體檢和觀察行為早期發(fā)現狗狗的健康問題。選項C：任何相關的細微變化通常都是最初的線索。承接上文，說明觀察行為的意義，即行為變化能反映健康狀況。且選項C中的“smallrelevantshifts”對應上文“behavior”，符合語境。故選C。第15頁/共27頁【38題詳解】上文“Asyourdogages,theirnutritionalneedswillchange,too.It’sessentialtochangetheirdietandmonitorthe