【英語】英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題20套(帶答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀理解TheAlexandertechnique

Untilearlierthisyear,Ididn'tknowanythingabouttheAlexandertechnique—andsawnoreasontothinkIshould.Oneday,thebackacheIregularlysufferedwasmorepainful.Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.Afterexaminingme,hesaid,"Youactuallyhavebadposture(姿勢).GooffandlearntheAlexandertechnique."ThreemonthslaterIcouldwalkstraighterandsitbetter.

TheAlexandertechniqueisawayoflearninghowyoucangetridofharmfultensioninyourbody.Theteachingfocusesontheneck,headandback.Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.Thereislittleeffortinthelessonsthemselves,whichsetsaparttheAlexandertechniquefromyogaorpilates,whichareexercise-based.Atypicallessoninvolvesstandinginfrontofachairandlearningtositandstandwithminimumeffort.Youspendsometimelyingonabenchwithyourkneesbenttostraightenthespine(脊椎)andrelaxyourbodywhiletheteachermovesyourarmsandlegstotrainyoutomovethemcorrectly.

Thetechniquehelpstobreakthebadhabitsaccumulatedoveryears.Tryfoldingyourarmstheoppositewaytonormal.Thisisanexampleofahabitthebodyhasformedwhichcanbehardtobreak.Manyofuscarryourheadstoofarback.Theheadweighsfourtosixkilos,soanyinappropriateposturecancauseproblemsforthebody.Thetechniqueteachesyoutoletgoofthemusclesholdingtheheadback,allowingittogobacktoitsnaturalplaceonthetopofourspines.

SowhowasAlexanderandhowdidhecomeupwiththetechnique?FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal(聲音的)problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.HebroughthistechniquetoLondonandopenedateacher-trainingschool,whichisstillsuccessfultoday.

Soifyou'rewalkingalongtheroadonedaywithshouldersbentforward,feelingweigheddownbyyourtroubles,giveathoughttotheAlexandertechnique.Itwillhelpyouwalktallagain.（1）WhatdoestheauthorsuggestinParagraph1?A.

Shefeltnobetterafterthetreatment.B.

ShegotboredwiththeAlexandertechnique.C.

Shewasscepticalaboutthedoctor'smethod.D.

Shewasunwillingtoseektreatmentforherbackache.（2）WhatistheprincipleoftheAlexandertechnique?A.

Physicaltensionshouldn'tbecompletelyrelieved.B.

Thetechniqueshouldn'tbecombinedwithotherexercises.C.

Thepracticeofthetechniqueshouldn'tbeattemptedalone.D.

Familiarphysicalactionsshouldn'tbedonewithmucheffort.（3）WhatcanwelearnaboutFrederickAlexander?A.

Hemanagedtorecoverhisvocalpowers.B.

Hewaseagertomakeanameforhimself.C.

Hedevelopedaformofexerciseforactors.D.

Hehadtoleavehometodevelophistechnique.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.

Theoccurrenceofbackpainiswidespread.B.

Alexanderimprovedthetechniquetotreatbodypain.C.

TheAlexandertechniquehelpsovercomepostureproblems.D.

Peoplewithbackpainarevictimsofinappropriatepostures.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹亞歷山大技巧的對(duì)于矯正身體的作用以及其發(fā)明者。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.”可知，作者從小就被灌輸這樣的思維，處理疼痛的更好辦法就是不做任何事情，希望疼痛自行消失，但是卻最終不得不去看醫(yī)生，故可知，作者看醫(yī)生都是迫不得已，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.”可知，亞歷山大技巧讓你更合理使用身體，用最小的努力來做那些習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，故可知，該技巧的原則就是用最小的力來做習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal(聲音的)problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.”可知，弗雷德里克·亞歷山大，一個(gè)出身于186年的澳大利亞演員，在年輕的時(shí)候聲音出了問題。他做了分析，意識(shí)到自己的姿勢不正確，因此致力于改善姿勢，結(jié)果很好，故可知，他通過矯正姿勢，解決了自己的聲音問題，故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文介紹亞歷山大技巧的對(duì)于矯正身體的作用以及其發(fā)明者，故可知在介紹亞歷山大技巧的作用，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀理解

Three-quartersoftheworld'scoffeefarmsdestroyforesthabitattogrowcoffeeinthesunandtypicallyuseharmfulpesticides(殺蟲劑)andchemicalsthatpoisontheenvironment.Whenforestsdisappear,migratory(遷徙的)songbirdsdisappear,too.Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.

BirdFriendlycoffeesareshade-grown,meaningthecoffeeisplantedundertrees,ratherthanonthelandthathasbeenclearedofallotherplants.Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.BirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesgrowunderbio-diverseshadethatprovideshabitatformigratorysongbirdsandotherwildlife,storescarbonandfightsclimatechange.BirdFriendlycoffeesarealsocertifiedorganic,meaningtheyaregrownwithoutpesticides,whichisbetterforpeopleandfortheplanet.

BirdFriendlyproducerscanalsoearnmorefortheircrops.Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.EverycupofBirdFriendlycoffeepurchasedrewardsthesefarmerswithalittlemoremoneyforbeinggoodstewardsoftheenvironmentandencouragesthemtocontinueconservingBirdFriendlyhabitat.

BuyingBirdFriendlysupportstheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter'sconservationresearchaimedatunderstandingandprotectingyourfeatheredfriends.YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup.Findastoreorcafenearyou,orbetteryet,haveitshippedtoyourdoorwhenyouorderonline.（1）Whatisthepresentsituationofcoffeefarms?A.

Onefourthofthemhavedestroyedforesthabitatforbirds.B.

Pesticidesandchemicalsusedonthempoisonedmanybirds.C.

Farmershavebeenawareofenvironmentprotection.D.

Scientistspayattentiontothemandhavecomeupwithanidea.（2）What'sacharacteristicofBirdFriendlycoffees?A.

Theymayhaveabettertaste.

B.

Theyhaveastrangeflavor.C.

Theytakelesstimetoripen.

D.

Theyaregrownonunpollutedland.（3）HowcanBirdFriendlyfarmersearnmoremoney?A.

Bychargingconsumersmoremoney.

B.

Bysellingfruitsandwoodfromtrees.C.

Bycuttingdowntreesandsellingwood.

D.

Byservingasstewardsofcoffeeconsumers.（4）Whatdoesthetextsuggestcoffeeconsumersdo?A.

Consumelesscoffee.

B.

Ordercoffeeonline.C.

Purchaseshade-growncoffee.

D.

Donatetocoffeefarmers.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，為了應(yīng)對(duì)嚴(yán)重的遷徙鳥類的數(shù)量和棲息地?fù)p失，史密森尼的科學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了theBirdFriendlycertification。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.”可知，科學(xué)家們重視咖啡生長地的問題，并以想出應(yīng)對(duì)辦法，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“

Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.”咖啡專家說，陰涼處種植的咖啡味道更好，因?yàn)槎棺颖忍栂碌目Х瘸墒斓寐?，?huì)產(chǎn)生更豐富，更復(fù)雜的味道。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.

”可知，咖啡種植者可以通過咖啡樹上方的thewoodandfruittrees增加收入，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“

YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup”你能在全世界買BirdFriendly認(rèn)證的咖啡，每杯都保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物和棲息地，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.TheRapidRiseandFallofRobotBabysitters

Duringthewinterof2017,an18-yearoldcollegestudentnamedCanonReevesspentmuchofhistimetrailingaknee-highrobotaroundFayetteville,Arkansas,asitdeliveredAmazonpackagestostudents.Therobot,createdbyastart-upcalledStarshipTechnologiesin2014,isbasicallyacooleronwheels;itusesradars,sensors,andninecamerastomakedeliveries.Reeves'sjobwastomonitorhowithandledvariousgrounds,fieldcommentsfromthepublic,andpresstheoffswitchifnecessary.Hesaid,"Peoplewouldalsoaskifitcoulddeliverbeer."Itcouldn't.

Broadlyspeaking,jobsofcaringforrobotsfallundertheumbrellaofcareersinautomation,whichincludemaintenance,engineeringandprogramming.Thedemandforpeoplewiththisskillsetisconsiderable,with20millionto50millionnewjobstobeexpectedinthiscategoryby2030,accordingtotheMckinseyGlobalInstitute.IntheyearthatendedinJune2018,IhadalmostthreetimesthenumberofpositionsontherecruitmentcommitteethatendedinJune2016.

Overthelastyear,a34-year-oldbusinessmannamedDavidRodriguezspenthundredsofhoursfollowingamachinecalledtheKiwiBotaroundUCBerkeley'scampuswhileitdeliveredRedbullandotherdrinkstostudents.Toretrieve(檢索)orders,theappencouragesstudentstogivetherobotawave;therobot'sdigitaleyeswillrolldependingonitsmood.Rodriguez,whoheadsbusinessdevelopmentforthestart-up,wastasked,earlyon,withmonitoringtheKiwiBotforproblems–evencarryingit,shouldthemotorsfail.SinceApril2018,though,theKiwiBothaslargelybeenleftunattended,andthemajorityofhumaninteractionsinvolvetechnicalchecksandloadingfoodintotherobot.Toeliminatetheboringwork,theteamisdevelopingarestaurantrobottocollectandloadorders–whichcouldhappenin2020.However,Rodriguezassuredmethathisstaffwon'tbeoutofwork.Everyoneholdsdoublerolesinthecompany.Greaterrobotself-governingjustmeansemployeeswillshifttheirfocustoaccounting,engineering,anddesign.

Mckinseyestimatesthatmillionsofjobsgloballycouldbelosttoautomationby2030."Ahugenumberofjobswillbeproducedasautonomousvehiclesarereleasedintotheenvironment,"Ramseysaid.In2016,BoschstartedtrainingstudentsfromSchoolcraftCollege,acommunitycollegeinMichigan,inautonomous-vehiclerepair;Toyotahastrainedstudentsinmaintenanceaswell."Wemightevenseeareturntolow-leveljobswherepeoplecomeandfuelthecarforyou,"Ramseysaid."Untilwecanwirelesslycharge,someoneneedstorefuelthem."Thehardest-to-automateindustries,asithappens,aretheonesthatrequirelookingafterhumans,suchaschildcare,educationandhealthcare.Robotbabysittersmightfeelliketheyhavescoredthejobofthefuture,butinfact,theymightbebetterpositioned.（1）Whatkindofrobotistheonecreatedbyastart-upcalledStarshipTechnologies?A.

Afactoryrobot.

B.

Adeliveryrobot.

C.

Arestaurantrobot.

D.

Aconstructionrobot.（2）Whatdoes"fallundertheumbrellaof"inPara.2mean?A.

areinthecategoryof

B.

areundertheprotectionofC.

areinrelationof

D.

areintheprocessof（3）AccordingtoRamsey,whatwillhappenwhenautonomousvehiclesareputonthemarket?A.

Autonomousvehicleswillbecomemuchcheaper.B.

Alargenumberofpeoplewillbeoutofwork.C.

Alotofjobopportunitieswillbecreated.D.

Manypeoplewillturntobuyingautonomouscars.（4）WhatdoesthelastsentenceinPara.4mean?A.

Robotcarerswillhaveacompetitiveadvantageinthefuture.B.

Manynewoccupationslikecaringforrobotscomeandgofast.C.

Westillneedsomeonetolookafterrobotsinthefuture.D.

Robotswillcreatemoreandbetterjobsforpeopleinthefuture.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著機(jī)器人被越來越多的應(yīng)用，照看機(jī)器人的工作也隨之發(fā)生了變化。本文以對(duì)相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行了介紹說明。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Therobot,createdbyastart-upcalledStarshipTechnologiesin2014,isbasicallyacooleronwheels;itusesradars,sensors,andninecamerastomakedeliveries."可知，這款機(jī)器人是2014年由一家名為StarshipTechnologies的初創(chuàng)公司制造的，它基本上是一種車輪上的冷卻器；它使用雷達(dá)、傳感器和9臺(tái)攝像頭進(jìn)行配送。也就是說，StarshipTechnologies公司創(chuàng)造的是一款配送物品的機(jī)器人。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"whichincludemaintenance,engineeringandprogramming"列舉了"照看機(jī)器人"的工作范疇，故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ahugenumberofjobswillbeproducedasautonomousvehiclesarereleasedintotheenvironment"可知，隨著自動(dòng)化車輛被投放到市場，將產(chǎn)生大量的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。故選C。（4）考查句義理解。該劃線句子的字面意思是：機(jī)器人保姆可能會(huì)覺得自己已經(jīng)獲得了未來的工作，但事實(shí)上，他們的位置可能會(huì)更好。根據(jù)字面意思，不難看出其隱藏的意思為：機(jī)器人保姆占據(jù)很大的優(yōu)勢，他們可以在未來作更好的工作。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和句義猜測三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯，推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.

Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.

SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?A.

Tointroducethetopic.B.

TomentionNigel'sfeat.C.

Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.D.

TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?A.

Besuperiorto

B.

Beinferiorto

C.

Besimilarto

D.

Berelatedto（3）Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?A.

Thewriter.

B.

Theshopassistant.

C.

Thebabysitter.

D.

Thepsychologist.（4）WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?A.

LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.B.

Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.C.

Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.D.

Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，人工智能有取代人類工作的潛力,但是,并非所有工作都會(huì)被人工智能取代,有四種類型的工作完全沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此,在人工智能時(shí)代人類仍然會(huì)有工作,關(guān)鍵必須是對(duì)勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn),這樣人們才能從事這些工作。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知一個(gè)名叫奈杰爾·理查茲（NigelRichards）的人在短短九周內(nèi)記住了《法國拼字游戲詞典》中的386,000個(gè)單詞。但是,他不會(huì)說法語。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要與人工智能有關(guān),由此推斷作者寫第一段的目的是引出人工智能這個(gè)話題。故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任務(wù)中outperform人類（前提是該任務(wù)在一個(gè)涉及到大量數(shù)據(jù)的領(lǐng)域中；以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知從技術(shù)上講,人工智能具有在未來大約15年里取代成千上萬的白領(lǐng)和藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作的能力。結(jié)合下文推斷人工智能能夠具有取代人類的工作是因?yàn)锳I在日常任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)超過了人類,劃線詞的意思是"勝過,超過",故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四種類型的工作完全沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。首先,有創(chuàng)造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科學(xué)家,小說家和藝術(shù)家那樣進(jìn)行發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。也就是作家和科學(xué)家不會(huì)被取代。排除A；再根據(jù)第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老師,保姆和醫(yī)生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者認(rèn)為在AI時(shí)代仍然會(huì)有工作,關(guān)鍵必須是對(duì)勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn),這樣人們才能從事這些工作。進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)是為了得到專業(yè)技能,由此推斷作者會(huì)給出一直提升人們的專業(yè)技能的建議,故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation(近似)ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy(遺產(chǎn))onlineforever.

Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.D.Hemayaskthemquestions.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科技新動(dòng)態(tài)----數(shù)字人。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)安德魯·卡普蘭回憶往昔的時(shí)候，他的故事讓人感覺他活出了各種各樣的人生：20多歲的時(shí)候是戰(zhàn)地記者，還是一名軍人，一位成功的商人，隨后又是很多間諜小說和好萊塢劇本的作者。主要介紹安德魯·卡普蘭豐富多彩的人生；在根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當(dāng)他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù)字人，可知，第一段的內(nèi)容主要是引出下文中文章的話題數(shù)字人。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”現(xiàn)在這位花白頭發(fā)的78歲的老人想要他愛的人知道這些故事，甚至當(dāng)他去世之后還可以分享這些故事。Kaplan同意變成數(shù)字人，可知，卡普蘭同意變成數(shù)字人是為了能更長時(shí)間的分享自己的這些故事。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，后代可以通過移動(dòng)端的語音平臺(tái)和他交流，即使他的肉體不存在后，還可以問他問題，讓他講故事以及咨詢他一生經(jīng)驗(yàn)的寶貴建議。可知卡普蘭成為“數(shù)字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生經(jīng)驗(yàn)的寶貴建議。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，專家們說，如果科技成功地創(chuàng)造出高情商的數(shù)字人類，它可能會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)改變?nèi)祟惻c電腦交互的方式，以及處理失去親人創(chuàng)傷的方式，即目前的數(shù)字人類還無法擁有高情商，還是不夠完美的，因此數(shù)字人技術(shù)還有很長的路要走。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Imagineyourclothingcouldreleaseenoughheattokeepyouwarmandcozy,allowingyoutostaycomfortableinacoolerroom.Or,pictureacarwindshieldthatstoresthesun'senergyandthenreleasesitasheattomaketheiceonthewindshielddisappear.

AccordingtoateamofresearchersatMIT,bothcasesmaybepossiblebeforelong,thankstoanewmaterialthatcanstoresolarenergyduringthedayandreleaseitlaterasheat.Thistransparentpolymerfilmcouldbeappliedtomanydifferentsurfaces,suchaswindowglassorclothing.

Solarenergyisonlyavailableabouthalfthetimeweneedit—duringdaylight.Forthesuntobecomeamajorpowerproviderforhumanneeds,therehastobeanefficientwaytosaveitupforuseduringnighttimeandstormydays.Mostsucheffortshavefocusedonstoringandrecoveringsolarenergyintheformofelectricity,butthenewfinding,byMlIprofessorJeffreyGrossman,PostdocDavidZhitomirskyandgraduatestudentEugeneCho,couldprovideahighlyefficientmethodforstoringthesun'senergythroughachemicalreactionandreleasingitlaterasheat.

Thekeytoenablinglong-term,stablestorageofsolarheat,theteamsaid,istostoreitintheformofachemicalchangeratherthanstoringtheheatitself.Butheatwilldisappearovertimenomatterhowgoodthematerialarounditis,sotheteamsetupachemicalstoragesystemthatcankeeptheenergyinastablemolecularconfiguration.Whenexposedtosunlight,themoleculescanstaythatwayforlongperiodsThen,whentriggered(觸發(fā))byaveryspecifictemperatureorsomethingelse,themoleculesreturntotheiroriginalshape,givingoffheatintheprocess.

Suchchemically-basedstoragematerials,knownasSolarThermalFuels(STF),havebeendevelopedbefore.Butthoseearliereffortsweredesignedtobeusedinliquidsolutionsandnotabletomakedurable(耐用的)solid-statefilms.Thenewapproachisthefirstbasedonasolid-statematerial,inthiscaseapolymer,andthefirstbasedoninexpensivematerialsandwidespreadproductiontechnology.（1）WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph1?A.Toshowthemainideaofthepassage.B.Topracticereaders'imagination.C.Tointerestreadersinthepassage.D.Tointroduceanewkindofmaterial.（2）Accordingtothepassage,whatcanthepolymerfilmdo?A.Itcanbemadeintowindowglass.B.Itcanmakenecessaryelectricity.C.Itcanstoreenergyandreleasesunshine.D.Itcanabsorbsunshineandgiveoffheat.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whatisSTFbasedon?A.Thechemicalreaction.B.Themovementofheat.C.Theformofelectricity.D.Thephysicalreaction.（4）Whatistheadvantageofthemolecularconfiguration?A.Itislessexpensive.B.Itisverypowerful.C.Itiseasilyavailable.D.Itislesschangeable.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一種新型材料，它可以通過自身吸熱并儲(chǔ)存熱量，之后能夠根據(jù)需要釋放熱。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“Imagineyourclothingcouldreleaseenoughheattokeepyouwarmandcozy,allowingyoutostaycomfortableinacoolerroom.Or,pictureacarwindshieldthatstoresthesun'senergyandthenreleasesitasheattomaketheiceonthewindshielddisappear.”想象一下你的衣服可以釋放足夠的熱量讓你溫暖和舒適，讓你可以在冰冷的房間里保持舒適?；蛘撸傧胂笠幌萝嚨膿躏L(fēng)玻璃可以儲(chǔ)存太陽的能量，然后釋放熱量使擋風(fēng)玻璃上的冰消失)可推測，本段以衣服和騎車擋風(fēng)玻璃為例，提到了如果衣服能夠吸熱和放熱、汽車的擋風(fēng)玻璃能夠吸熱和自動(dòng)除冰那該是多么好的事，以此來吸引對(duì)著對(duì)本文的興趣。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“thankstoanewmaterialthatcanstoresolarenergyduringthedayandreleaseitlaterasheat.Thistransparentpolymerfilmcouldbeappliedtomanydifferentsurfaces,suchaswindowglassorclothing.”多虧了這種能在白天吸熱之后以熱能形式釋放的新型材料，這個(gè)透明的聚合物膜可以應(yīng)用于許多不同的表面，如窗戶玻璃或服裝)可知，這種聚合物膜可以吸熱，此后再以熱能的形式釋放出來。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Suchchemically-basedstoragematerials,knownasSolarThermalFuels(STF),havebeendevelopedbefore.”這種以化學(xué)反應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ)的儲(chǔ)存材料，即太陽能熱燃料(STF)，以前就已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來了，可知，STF是以化學(xué)反應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ)。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butheatwilldisappearovertimenomatterhowgoodthematerialarounditis,sotheteamsetupachemicalstoragesystemthatcankeeptheenergyinastablemolecularconfiguration.”但是熱量會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失，不管周圍的物質(zhì)有多好，所以研究小組建立了一個(gè)化學(xué)儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)，可以將能量保持在一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的分子結(jié)構(gòu)中)可推斷，這種分子結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)勢是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat's15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou."Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgaze(凝視)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.

Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon'tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside-surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobs