（英語）高三英語試卷英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題分類匯編含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出每個問題的最佳選項。

Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate(天生的)preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.

Researchersshowedtoddlers(aged21to31months)ascenewheretwopuppets(木偶)approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.

However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,"Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow."Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.

Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour-year-oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.（1）Whatdowetendtodoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Seekchallengesallthetime.B.Admirehigh-rankingpeople.C.Takeadvantageofhighstatus.D.Hurtotherswithoffensivewords.（2）Whydidtoddlerspreferthepuppetallowedtopass?A.Itlookedadorable.B.Itbehavedsmartly.C.Itseemedpolite.D.Itwasrespected.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelatterstudy?A.Slowerpeoplearebetterlovedbytoddlers.B.Peoplenaturallydislikeunkindbehavior.C.Toddlerscarelittleabouthighsocialstatus.D.Beinghelpfulcontributestobeingsupported.（4）Whatshouldwedowhenweencouragechildrentowin?A.Instructthemtouseproperandcreativeways.B.Advisethemtobeashardworkingaspossible.C.Remindthemtobeconsideratetootherpeople.D.Tellthemtotrytocooperatewithsomeoneelse.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人們更傾向于喜歡和尊敬地位高而又無害于他人的人，這似乎是一種天性，即使是蹣跚學步的孩子也是如此。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.”可知，我們更傾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.”可知，蹣跚學步的孩子喜歡那個被允許通過的木偶，是因為這種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.和Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.”可知，孩子們會走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人類與生俱來的偏好。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行為。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.”可知，孩子欣賞那些在做好事的同時表現(xiàn)出色的人。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵孩子去贏的同時，提醒他們要體諒他人。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀理解

Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(減法).

Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.

RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical(數(shù)字的)operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”

Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition(認知)maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.

“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.

Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.

Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(靈長目動物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.（1）WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?A.

Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.B.

Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.C.

Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.D.

Beescandobasicmathematics.（2）AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition________.A.

requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessingB.

hasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAIC.

onlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemoryD.

callsforalotofmathsknowledge（3）Whatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?A.

Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.B.

Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.C.

Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.D.

Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBeesB.

NewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintionC.

NumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessingD.

TheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，RMIT大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》(ScienceAdvances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction(減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術運算?！笨芍?，RMIT大學的

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據第五段中的“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”如果數(shù)學不需要一個巨大的大腦，那么在設計中，我們也可能有新的方法來包括長期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動，從而提高人工智能對新問題的快速學習，可知，AdrianDyer認為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認知對人工智能的未來發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據倒數(shù)第二段中的“Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.”許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來尋找食物、做出決定和解決問題。但是數(shù)字認知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術運算，需要更復雜的處理?？芍?，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認知。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據最后一段中的“Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(靈長目動物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》(ScienceAdvances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單?！惫蔬xB?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.

Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢體).Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調)theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.

Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.（1）Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?A.

Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.B.

Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.C.

Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.D.

Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.（2）Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?A.

Theycannothearanysound.

B.

Theysleepupsidedown.C.

Theyflysimilarlytobirds.

D.

Theyhideintreebranches.（3）Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".A.

thedistancetothenets

B.

thesenseofflyingheightC.

theflyingdirection

D.

theabilitytochangethespeed（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.

Batsmighthurtthemselveswhenlanding.

B.

Batscanhangupsidedownlikebirds.C.

Batscanadjustspeedbeforelanding.

D.

Batsandbirdslandindifferentways.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實來證明蝙蝠在飛行及運動方式與鳥類完全不同。以前人們認為蝙蝠和鳥類在運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構造不同于鳥類，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥類不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥。（1）考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的"Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently."提出了蝙蝠與鳥的降落方式及飛行的不同。第二段用研究證明過去認為蝙蝠和鳥類在飛行運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別是錯誤的。尤其是"theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo"可知蝙蝠與鳥的運動不同；第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,…"再一次說明了蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同是本文的主題。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的"Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings…Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調)theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances."可推斷出，過去人們認為蝙蝠與鳥在飛行運動方式與鳥沒有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。劃線部分的上下文說"蝙蝠在自我調節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥不容易做到的。"由此可知，此處的"it"指的是飛行的方向。故選C。（4）考查推斷判斷。根據第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain."可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。這種降落方式的一個缺點是蝙蝠經常用力降落，這可能會導致疼痛。因此蝙蝠與鳥不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵擾性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

Previousscholarship(學術研究)hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.

"Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."

A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.（1）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnatureB.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegreeC.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichiganD.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems（4）nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.EntertainmentB.BusinessWorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項新的研究成果---多看綠色植物和吃垃圾食品這兩者看似風馬牛不相及，可研究結構卻表明它們之間存在著一種奇妙的關系：多看綠色植物能幫助人們克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1）考查段落大意。根據第二段中的

“Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人員調查了年齡在21~65歲之間的149名參與者小區(qū)內的綠植比例……；以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中還問了與抑郁及焦慮有關的問題……等可知，第二段主要介紹了新研究的調查內容，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據常識可知，在大自然中散步對人體有各種各樣的好處，再結合句中出現(xiàn)的“relievingothermooddisorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出，combattingdepression應表示“減輕抑郁”。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據倒數(shù)第二段中的“…addsanewdimension(方面)tothepreviousresearch”為以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某種程度上豐富了之前的研究成果。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一項科學研究的研究成果，所以該文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在“技術與科學”版塊。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和段落大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Itistheidealwayfortravelertoensuretheywakeupwiththeperfectview—aportableEco-capsulethatcanbesetupanywhereintheworld.Theegg-shapedpod(獨立艙)ensurestravelerscancampinthemostextremecornerswithalltheluxuryofahotelroom.

Lookinglikesomethinginasci-fimovie,thepodisequippedwithsolarpanels,whichguaranteesolarenergyasitspower.Inthiswaythetinyhomecanletyoulivecomfortablywhereveryoutravel.Itevenhasitsownshowerandtoilet,sleepingareafortwo,andasmallkitchen.The3,306ibpodscanbetransportedinasea-container,meaningthepossibilitiesareendless.

Bratislava-basedNiceArchitectsarebehindtheextraordinaryEco-capsulesandsaidtheyinitiallydesignedthemforpeoplewhostayinthenatureforalongtime.However,itquicklybecameapparentthattheycouldbeopeneduptothewiderpublicandevenusedinurbanareastofightagainsthighrentandplacedonroofsforstudiospaceorlivingquarters.TheEco-capsulecanserveasacottage,apop-uphotelorevenasachargingstationforelectriccars.TheEco-capsulescouldevenbequicklyimportedforhousingforemergencyteamswhohavebeenquicklyarrangedtohelpwithnaturaldisasters.Describedbythewebsiteasa"SwissArmyknife"—itpackseverythingyouneed,theself-containedunitcansustainlongperiodsoftimewithoutexternalresources.

The86sqftpodsareabletosleeptwopeopleforuptoyearandforthoseworriedaboutacoldnight'ssleep,theEco-capsulehasathicklayerwhichsignificantlyreduceheatloss.

Thepodisdesignedtocopewithextremeweatherconditionsduetoitsinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)designandmaterialsused.NowondertheNiceArchitectsaresoconfidentaboutitsfutureandtheproducersarereceivingheavyorders.（1）WheredoestheEco-capsulegetpower?A.

Fromachargingstation.

B.

Fromaportablebattery.C.

Fromsolarpanels.

D.

Fromelectriccars.（2）WhommaybetheEco-capsuleinitiallydesignedfor?A.

Astronauts.

B.

Officeladies.

C.

Homelesspeople.

D.

Fieldbiologists.（3）TheEco-capsule'susersdon'tworryaboutcoldnessbecause_______.A.

itisaself-containedunit

B.

itisequippedwithathicklayerC.

ithasasolarpanel

D.

ithasanairconditioner（4）HowdothedesignersviewtheEco-capsule'sfuturemarket?A.

Optimistic.

B.

Negative.

C.

Worried.

D.

Doubtful.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款便攜式產品——Eco-capsule的功能、設計原理、大小、技術構造等情況。該產品配有太陽能電池板和可伸縮的風力發(fā)電渦輪機為其提供太陽能和風能，可以讓兩個人同時入住，有良好的保暖效果。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的”Lookinglikesomethinginasci-fimovie,thepodisequippedwithsolarpanels,whichguaranteesolarenergyasitspower.“看起來就像科幻電影里的某種東西，該產品里面裝有太陽能電池板，保證太陽能作為它的動力?？芍摦a品從太陽能板獲得能量。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的”Bratislava-basedNiceArchitectsarebehindtheextraordinaryEco-capsulesandsaidtheyinitiallydesignedthemforpeoplewhostayinthenatureforalongtime.“位于布拉迪斯拉發(fā)的尼斯建筑事務所是這些非凡的Eco-capsules的設計者，他們表示，最初是為長期生活在大自然中的人們設計的?？芍狤co-capsules是專門為野外生物學家設計的。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第六段中的”The86sqftpodsareabletosleeptwopeopleforuptoyearandforthoseworriedaboutacoldnight'ssleep,theEco-capsulehasathicklayerwhichsignificantlyreduceheatloss.“這86平方英尺的獨立艙可以讓兩個人睡上一年，對于那些擔心晚上睡不好覺的人來說，這種Eco-capsule有一層厚厚的保護層，可以顯著減少熱量損失?？芍狤co-capsule的使用者不用擔心寒冷，因為它有一層厚厚的保護層。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的”NowondertheNiceArchitectsaresoconfidentaboutitsfutureandtheproducersarereceivingheavyorders.“難怪尼斯的建筑師們對它的未來如此有信心，制造商們也接到了大量訂單?？芍O計師對Eco-capsules的未來市場非常樂觀。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Manyyearsago,mymotherreadfromthebookBlueberriesforSalbyRobertMcCloskeytome.Irememberasifitwereyesterday,hearinghervoiceatmysideonacoldwintrynight.Mymother'svoicechangedmyworld.

LongbeforeIcouldreadonmyown,shesharedwithmethestrengthandbeautyofMcCloskey'slanguageastoryofalittlegirlandhermotheroutinnature,co-existingwithamotherbearandherownbaby.Thepowerofthestory,oflanguageandofmymotherallcametogether.Andithappenedmanytimesafterthat,overandover.Thereadaloudmademeareader.

Yearslater,Iwasreadingaloudapicturebooktoasmallchildinaclassroom.Hislife,sofar,hadnotbeeneasy.Hischildhoodwastroubledbypovertyandloneliness.Inthatmoment,inthejoyofthereadaloud,hehadanideathatstartedsomethingbig.

Whathesaidwasthis:"Mrs.Allyn,let'smakesureeveryoneknowshowgoodthisfeels.Let'shaveaholidayforthereadaloud"Therefore,myorganization,LitWorld,createdagrassrootsmovementWorldReadAloudDayin2010tohonorthisyoungboy'swishforeveryonetobeabletohaveareadaloudeveryday.

Sincethedayhesharedthatgoodideawithus,WorldReadAloudDayhasbecomeaworldwideeventreachingoveronemillionpeopleinmorethan65countriesaroundtheworld.Thisyearweareover600citiesstrong,anumberthatisgrowingeveryday.

Childrenwhogrowupasreadersbecomeengagedcitizensoftheglobalworld,andeverychilddeservestherighttoread.WhenIsaythatreadingaloudwillchangetheworld,Iknowitsoundssimple.Butoneofthemanygreatthingsaboutgivingkidsaccesstothepowerofstoriesandsharingthemtogetheristhatitissimple.Itisalsocheapandeasilydone.Andtheimpactishuge.（1）Howdidtheauthor'sparentchangeherlife?A.

Byreadingaloudtoher.

B.

Bylisteningtoherreading.C.

Bybuyingmanybooksforher.

D.

Byencouraginghertoreadaloud.（2）AccordingtoParagraph3,theauthorwasprobablythelittleboy's

.A.

mother

B.

teacher

C.

bestfriend

D.

favoritewriter（3）Whatdoesthesmallchild'sideainParagraph3referto?A.

Tostartaholiday.

B.

Toreducepoverty.C.

TofoundLitWorld.

D.

Toovercomeloneliness.（4）WhatcanweknowaboutWorldReadAloudDayfromParagraph5?A.

Itsorigin.

B.

Itsfuture.

C.

Itspurpose.

D.

Itsdevelopment.（5）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

Stickingtoreadingisn'teasy.

B.

Readinggivesahighrateofreturn.C.

Readingaloudisn'tactuallysimple.

D.

Kidsshouldtrytochangetheworld.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D（5）B【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介紹了大聲閱讀對孩子們的巨大影響，以及WorldReadAloudDay的開端以及后來的發(fā)展。（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后兩句"Irememberasifitwereyesterday,hearinghervoiceatmysideonacoldwintrynight.Mymother'svoicechangedmyworld."可知父母親大聲朗讀改變了作者的一生。故A項正確。（2）推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句"Yearslater,Iwasreadingaloudapicturebooktoasmallchildinaclassroom."可知作者是在教室里向一個小孩大聲朗讀一本圖畫書。通常只有老師才會這樣做，由此可知作者最可能是一位老師。故B項正確。（3）推理判斷題。根據第四段第一句"Whathesaidwasthis:"Mrs.Allyn,let'smakesureeveryoneknowshowgoodthisfeels.Let'shaveaholidayforthereadaloud""可知小男孩的主意是出去度假來宣傳readloudly的好處。故A項正確。（4）推理判斷題。根據本段第一句"Sincethedayhesharedthatgoodideawithus,WorldReadAloudDayhasbecomeaworldwideeventreachingoveronemillionpeopleinmorethan65countriesaroundtheworld"可知本段主要介紹了WorldReadAloudDay的開始以及后來的發(fā)展。故D項正確。（5）推理判斷題。根據本文最后一句"Andtheimpactishuge."可知大聲閱讀對孩子們未來的發(fā)展影響很大。故B項正確?！军c評】查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題兩種?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。7．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Plantsareboring.Theyjustsittherephotosynthesizing(光合作用)whileanimalshaveallthefun.Right?Notsomuch.Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.Theantandplantco-evolution(協(xié)同進化)startedwithantsfeedingonplantsandplantsevolvingant-friendlyfeatures.

Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.Someplantshaveevolvedfeaturesthatpersuadeantsintodefendingthemfromattackfromotherinsectsandevenmаmmаl?.Тhе?е?nсludеhollowthornsthatаnt?willlive?n??dе,orехtranесtаr(瓊漿)оnlеаvе?orstemsfortheantstoeat.Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed—ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter,andsinceit'sfartherawayfromitsparent,theywon'thavetocompeteforresources.

Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.Ifevolutionisanarmsracebetweenspeciesdevelopingwaystomakeuseoftheirneighbors,thenscientistswantedtoknowwhetherplantsorantsfiredthefirstshot.Itwasachicken-and-eggquestion,whetherthingsstartedwithantsdevelopingbehaviorstotakeadvantageofplants,orplantsevolvingstructurestotakeadvantageofants.

Thehistoryofantsandplantsevolvingtogethergoesbacktothetimeofthedinosaurs,andit'snoteasytotellfromfossilswhofiredthefirstshot.However,itisaquestionoflittlesignificance.Scientistssaytheirstudymatersbecauseitprovidesalookathowthesewidespreadandcomplexinteractionsevolved.（1）Someplantsattachfoodpacketstotheirseedsinorderto________.A.

rewardtheantsB.

makea