（英語）高一英語專題匯編閱讀理解(一)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.

AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas"saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium."Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound."Itis"overwhelminglyprobable"thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad"thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem",saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.（1）HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas7A.

About9500years.

B.

About10,100years.

C.

10,190years.

D.

18,500years.（2）Theunderlinedword"butchered"inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby.A.

killed

B.

bought

C.

trained

D.

raised（3）WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.

Undoubted.

B.

Unsure.

C.

Indifferent.

D.

Unconfident.（4）Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A.

TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.

B.

ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.C.

HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.

D.

WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大概一萬年以前就在北美成為人類伙伴的狗的種類。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”研究小組得出的結(jié)論是，這三種狗都是被馴化的，因為它們的骨骼是完整的，沒有皮膚的，所以沒有被宰殺作為食物。他們也被仔細(xì)地埋葬了，證據(jù)表明他們是被主人重視的。關(guān)鍵詞buried，可知劃線詞的意思是“殺死”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，對到達(dá)美洲的馴服的狗態(tài)度是不確定。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Plantsareboring.Theyjustsittherephotosynthesizing(光合作用)whileanimalshaveallthefun.Right?Notsomuch.Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.Theantandplantco-evolution(協(xié)同進化)startedwithantsfeedingonplantsandplantsevolvingant-friendlyfeatures.

Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.Someplantshaveevolvedfeaturesthatpersuadeantsintodefendingthemfromattackfromotherinsectsandevenmаmmаl?.Тhе?е?nсludеhollowthornsthatаnt?willlive?n??dе,orехtranесtаr(瓊漿)оnlеаvе?orstemsfortheantstoeat.Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed-ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter,andsinceit'sfartherawayfromitsparent,theywon'thavetocompeteforresources.

Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.Ifevolutionisanarmsracebetweenspeciesdevelopingwaystomakeuseoftheirneighbors,thenscientistswantedtoknowwhetherplantsorantsfiredthefirstshot.Itwasachicken-and-eggquestion,whetherthingsstartedwithantsdevelopingbehaviorstotakeadvantageofplants,orplantsevolvingstructurestotakeadvantageofants.

Thehistoryofantsandplantsevolvingtogethergoesbacktothetimeofthedinosaurs,andit'snoteasytotellfromfossilswhofiredthefirstshot.However,itisaquestionoflittlesignificance.Scientistssaytheirstudymatersbecauseitprovidesalookathowthesewidespreadandcomplexinteractionsevolved.（1）Someplantsattachfoodpacketstotheirseedsinorderto

.A.rewardtheantsB.makeafoolofantsC.providenutritionfortheseedsD.gettheseedsmovedaround（2）WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Howplantsandantsinteract.B.Whatantsdotoprotectplants.C.Howplantsandantssurviveattacks.D.Whyplantsandantsneedco-evolution.（3）Whichistrueabouttheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplants?A.Antsdependedmoreuponplants.B.Itcausedaraceforbetterevolution.C.Howitgotstartedwasuncertain.D.Itwasoflittlevalueforfuturestudies.（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceascienceresearchmethod.B.ToinformreadersofalatestresearchfindingC.Toarousereaders'interestinscienceresearch.D.Tocriticizepeople'straditionalviewsaboutplants.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻和植物之間的互動有著悠久的歷史。螞蟻和植物的共同進化始于螞蟻以植物為食，植物進化出對螞蟻友好的特征。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.”其他植物讓螞蟻幫助它們移動種子，方法是在種子上附加豐富的食物包。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.”植物有許多不同的結(jié)構(gòu)，這些結(jié)構(gòu)是專門為螞蟻使用的；以及“Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.”，有些螞蟻會偷取花蜜逃跑，但有些會留下來攻擊任何試圖傷害植物的東西。其他植物讓螞蟻幫助它們移動種子，方法是在種子上附加豐富的食物包。可知，第二段主要講了植物和螞蟻如何互動，故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.”但是科學(xué)家們并不確定螞蟻和植物之間的進化關(guān)系是如何開始的。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.”一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻和植物之間的互動有著悠久的歷史。是全文的主題句，由此推斷出，作者寫這篇文章的目的是告知讀者最新的研究結(jié)果，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

WhenIwasthreeyearsold,Icouldn'tspeak.ItwasastrangerealitythatnoneofthedoctorsIvisitedcouldunderstand.

Oneday,Iwasshadowing(跟隨)mymother.Shefoundherselflookinginamirror,andthroughitoureyesmet.Shebegantospeaktomethroughthereflection,andIslowlybegantomimic(模仿)hermouth'smovementsuntilIformedaword.

ItturnedoutI'mdeafinmyleftear,andhaveaslightprobleminmyright.Beinghardofhearinghasbeendifficult,butI'veneverlivedinastateofself-hatingsorrow.

Imaginebeingabletoshutoutallsoundasyoulayyourheaddowntosleepbysimplyrollingoverontooneside.That'smyrealitywhenIsleeponmy"goodear",anditmakesmefeellikeasuperherosometimes.

Peoplecallmydeafsidemy"badear",butwhenIwearmyhearingaid,Ihaveaccesstoarangeoffeaturesthatsomeotherdeafpeopledon't.Incinemas,forexample,withoneclickofabuttonIcanenjoyawholefilmasthoughitwerewhisperedtomefromthemouthsoftheactors.

Owningahearingaidhasn'talwaysfeltgood,however.OnthefirstdayIgotmyaid,whenIwaseight,Itookittoschoolforshow-and-tell.AsIexplainedhowitworkedtomyclassmates,aboyyelledout,"Aren'tthoseforoldmen?"Atthatmoment,Ifeltdifferent.Ittookmealongtimetogetoverthatsenseofbeingsounlikemypeers.

Butit'snotjustschoolkidswhocanmakeusdeafandhard-of-hearingpeoplefeellikeburdens.Everyvideoonsocialmediathatlackssubtitles(字幕),forexample,meansanentirecommunityofdeafpeopleisunabletoenjoyit.Completelydeafpeopleareexcludedfromenjoyingmanymoviestoo,assubtitlesincinemasarealmostimpossibletofind.

Andwithhearingaidscostingaround$2,500each,itcanbehardformanypeopletoaffordtobeabletolistentothethingsthatotherstakeforgranted.Asforme,Icanlistentomusic,enjoyfilms,andcatchconversations–I'mlucky.I'mdeaf,butIcanstillheareverything.I'vebeenblessedwithwonderfullifeexperiences,andIamhuman.Andwhenitcomestosleeping,I'mevensuperhuman.（1）Howdoestheauthorviewhishearingdifficulty?A.It'sadisasterandcauseshimalotoftrouble.B.Itgavehimachancetoexperiencesomethingspecial.C.Itmadehimfeelembarrassedinfrontofhisclassmates.D.Ithelpedhimtoliveinhisownworldwithoutbeinginterrupted.（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A.Hewasborndeaf.B.Heisoptimisticandhelpful.C.Thehearingaidbringsconveniencetohisdailylife.D.Hisfamilyandclassmateshavesupportedhimalot.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardhislife？A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Grateful.D.Disappointed.（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Togiveadviceonlifetodisabledpeople.B.Toshowhowdifficultlifeisfordisabledpeople.C.Toshowtheconvenienceahearingaidcouldbring.D.Tosharehisexperienceoftreatingadisadvantagewithgratitude.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者天生有聽力障礙，但是他卻樂觀地對待自己的缺陷，想辦法讓自己的生活充滿了快樂。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)作者對自己日常生活的

描述，可知作者的聽力障礙讓他有機會經(jīng)歷了一些特殊的事情，故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Andwithhearingaidscostingaround$2,500each,itcanbehardformanypeopletoaffordtobeabletolistentothethingsthatotherstakeforgranted.Asforme,Icanlistentomusic,enjoyfilms,andcatchconversations–I'mlucky.”對我來說，我可以聽音樂，欣賞電影，捕捉對話——我很幸運?？芍犉鹘o他的日常生活帶來了方便，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I'vebeenblessedwithwonderfullifeexperiences,andIamhuman.”可知作者對生活充滿感激，故選C。（4）考查寫作意圖?？v觀全文可知，本文講述了作者天生有聽力障礙，但是他卻樂觀地對待自己的缺陷，想辦法讓自己的生活充滿了快樂，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是以感激的心情分享他對待劣勢的經(jīng)驗，故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和寫作意圖兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

TiredofNeckPain?Weareproudtoofferagadget-NeckMassager-thatwillrelieveyourbackandneckpaininstantly!HowdoesNeckMassagerwork?

ThereasonwhyNeckMassagerissoeffectiveisdefinitelyitsinnovative,scientific,time-testedmethodsthatitusestotargettheachingareasofyourbodyandbringyoulong-awaitedrelief.Notonlydoesthiswell-designeddevicereducepainandtension,butalsoitimprovesyourmoodandoverallhealth!Onlythe2AAAbatterieswillmakesurethatyoucanuseitwhenevertensionstrikes!

PeoplearealreadyenjoyingthebenefitsofNeckMassager:

WheneverIuseit,Iinstantlyfeelhappierandmorerelaxed,sotheeffectreallylasts.NeckMassagerisnotmysmallpleasure-it'sabigone!-SandraReames

I'mnotsogoodwithtech,soIwasnervousaboutfiguringouthowtouseit,butthisdeviceissosimpletousethatevensomeonelikemehadabsolutelynoproblem.Ihavestartedtosleepbetteraswell,andthatwasoneofthemostsurprisingbenefitsoftheNeckMassager!-PatSullivan

Howmuchisit?

Comparedtoallthemedicalexpensesandotheralternatives,NeckMassagerisdefinitelyworthatry.It'snowavailable50%OFF,whichmeansyou'reabletogetitforonly￡46!

Nopills,nodoctorappointments,nowastedtime-youcannowfeelgreatinyourownhome!

IMPORTANTINFORMATION!"AsofFebruary12,2020,youcanstillgetaNeckMassagerwithDISCOUNT!"（1）WhatmakesNeckMassagersoeffective?A.Itsworkingmethods.B.Itswell-designedlook.C.The2AAAbatteries.D.Thelongworkingtime.（2）WhatdoesPatSullivanthinkofthedevice?A.Itislight.B.Itisoversized.C.Itissimpletouse.D.Itissafetooperate.（3）HowmuchwillyouhavetopayifyoubuyoneinMarch,2020?A.￡23.B.￡46.C.￡69.D.￡92.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款能夠緩解背部和頸部疼痛的按摩器——NeckMassager，介紹了其工作方法、用戶評價以及價格等信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)HowdoesNeckMassagerwork?部分中的“ThereasonwhyNeckMassagerissoeffectiveisdefinitelyitsinnovative,scientific,time-testedmethodsthatitusestotargettheachingareasofyourbodyandbringyoulong-awaitedrelief.”頸部按摩之所以如此有效的原因無疑是它的創(chuàng)新、科學(xué)、久經(jīng)考驗的方法，它可以針對你身體疼痛的部位，給你帶來期待已久的緩解，可知，NeckMassager的工作方法讓它非常有效果。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)PeoplearealreadyenjoyingthebenefitsofNeckMassager部分中的“I'mnotsogoodwithtech,soIwasnervousaboutfiguringouthowtouseit,butthisdeviceissosimpletousethatevensomeonelikemehadabsolutelynoproblem.”我對技術(shù)不是很在行，所以我對如何使用它感到很緊張，但是這個設(shè)備使用起來很簡單，即使是像我這樣的人也完全沒有問題，可知，PatSullivan認(rèn)為這個設(shè)備使用起來很簡單。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Howmuchisit?部分中的“It'snowavailable50%OFF,whichmeansyou'reabletogetitforonly￡46!”現(xiàn)在有五折優(yōu)惠，這意味著你只需花46英鎊就能買到它！可知，如果你在2020年3月買一臺，你要付46/50%=92英鎊。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.

Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.

Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation(吸入)usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.

Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans'caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.

Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.（1）Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?A.Thequality.B.Thequantity.C.Theshape.D.Thesize.（2）HowdidKieranCox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?A.Bystudyingpapers.B.Bycomparingtheimpacts.C.Byanalyzingthedata.D.Byconductingexperiments.（3）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.B.Thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.C.Cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.D.Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplasticsB.MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSourcesC.MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodiesD.TheImpactofMicroplasticsonHumanHealth【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody”微塑料顆粒的長度在50到500微米之間，有多種來源，包括可以分解成越來越小的碎片的較大塑料，因此，關(guān)于這些物質(zhì)在人體的普遍存在還有很多未知之處，可知，微塑料顆粒的大小讓我們很難知道它們普遍存在于人體中，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.”基蘭·考克斯的研究小組還利用先前報告的空氣中微塑性物質(zhì)濃度數(shù)據(jù)和環(huán)境保護署報告的呼吸速率，評估了吸入過程中微塑料的潛在消耗量，根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員計算出，我們通過食品和飲料每年消耗的微塑料顆粒從39000到52000不等，由此可知，基蘭·考克斯的研究小組是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)來計算微塑料的潛在消耗量的，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.”這項研究的作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些只喝塑料瓶裝水的人每年會攝入90000個微塑料顆粒，而那些只喝自來水的人每年攝入4000個微塑料顆粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶裝水有助于減少微塑料的攝入，故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”微塑料在我們的環(huán)境中無處不在，在人類身上也發(fā)現(xiàn)這些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一項新的研究表明，美國人每年消耗的微塑料顆粒多達(dá)12.1萬個，可知，本文主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀下列短文，從短文后每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Somanyofusholdontolittleresentmentsthatmayhavecomefromanargument,amisunderstanding,orsomeotherpainfulevent.Stubbornly,wewaitforsomeoneelsetoreachouttous—believingthisistheonlywaywecanforgiveorrekindleafriendshiporfamilyrelationship.

Anacquaintanceofmine,whosehealthisn'tverygood,recentlytoldmethatshehadn'tspokentohersoninalmostthreeyears.Shesaidthatsheandhersonhadhadadisagreementabouthiswifeandthatshewouldn'tspeaktohimagainunlesshecalledfirst.WhenIsuggestedthatshebetheonetoreachout,sheresistedinitiallyandsaid,"Ican'tdothat.He'stheonewhoshouldapologize."Shewasliterallywillingtodiebeforereachingouttoheronlyson.Afteralittlegentleencouragement,however,shediddecidetobethefirstonetoreachout.Toheramazement,hersonwasgratefulforherwillingnesstocallandofferedanapologyofhisown.Asisusuallythecasewhensomeonetakesthechanceandreachesout,everyonewins.

Wheneverweholdontoouranger,weturn"smallstuff"intoreally"bigstuff"inourminds.Westarttobelievethatourpositionsaremoreimportantthanourhappiness.Theyarenot.Ifyouwanttobeamorepeacefulpersonyoumustunderstandthatbeingrightisalmostnevermoreimportantthanallowingyourselftobehappy.Thewaytobehappyistoletgo,andreachout.Letotherpeopleberight.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatyou'rewrong.Everythingwillbefine.You'llexperiencethepeaceoflettinggo,aswellasthejoyoflettingothersberight.

You'llalsonoticethat,asyoureachoutandletothersbe"right,"theywillbecomelessdefensiveandmorelovingtowardyou.Theymightevenreachback.Butifforsomereasontheydon't,that'sokaytoo.You'llhavetheinnersatisfactionofknowingthatyouhavedoneyourparttocreateamorelovingworld,andcertainlyyou'llbemorepeacefulyourself.（1）Theunderlinedword"rekindle"inParagraph1probablymeans"____________".A.

recover

B.

develop

C.

accept

D.

replace（2）Accordingtothepassage,theauthor'sfriendneverspoketohersonforthreeyearsbecause____________.

A.

shehadgotanargumentwithherdaughter-in-law

B.

shehaddisagreedaboutherson'smarriageC.

shehadgotanargumentaboutherdaughter-in-law

D.

shehaddislikedherson'swifeformanyyears（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforpeopletobeunwillingtoapologizefirst?

A.

Peoplebelievethattheyarealwaysright.

B.

Peoplealwayswaitforotherstoofferanapologyfirst.C.

Peopleconsiderthepositionmoreimportantthanhappiness.

D.

Peoplewanttogetaninnersatisfaction.（4）Thepurposeofthepassageisto____________.

A.

instructthereadershowtoapologize

B.

teachthereadershowtogaininnerpeaceC.

informthereaderstheimportanceofbeingforgiving

D.

tellthereaderstoreachoutfirstwhentherearepainfulevents.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了面對與人們的矛盾時，不要執(zhí)著于怨恨，伸出你的手來化解它，學(xué)會首先向別人道歉，讓別人是對的，這并不意味著你是錯的。（1）考查詞義猜測。第一段中的“Stubbornly,wewaitforsomeoneelsetoreachouttous—believingthisistheonlywaywecanforgiveorrekindleafriendshiporfamilyrelationship.”固執(zhí)地說，我們等著別人來找我們——相信這是我們能夠原諒或重新點燃友誼或家庭關(guān)系的唯一途徑?？芍猺ekindle是“恢復(fù)”之意，選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shesaidthatsheandhersonhadhadadisagreementabouthiswifeandthatshewouldn'tspeaktohimagainunlesshecalledfirst.”她說她和她兒子對他的妻子意見不和，她不會再和他說話除非他先打電話。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Westarttobelievethatourpositionsaremoreimportantthanourhappiness.Theyarenot.Ifyouwanttobeamorepeacefulpersonyoumustunderstandthatbeingrightisalmostnevermoreimportantthanallowingyourselftobehappy.”我們開始相信我們的地位比我們的幸福更重要。其實不然，如果你想成為一個更愛好和平的人，就必須明白“正確”幾乎永遠(yuǎn)也不會比讓自己快樂更重要?？芍狝、B、C三項都是人們不愿首先道歉的原因，故選D。（4）考查寫作意圖?？v觀全文可知，本文探討了面對與人們的矛盾時，應(yīng)該做主動言和的那個人，這樣才能消除心中的怨恨，并且獲得幸福，因此本文的目的是告訴讀者在發(fā)生痛苦的事情時要先主動道歉，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

IvisitedCopenhagenforthefirsttimelastEaster.Asastudent，I'malwaysstrappedforcash，soIassumedIcouldonlyaffordtobreathetheair—butluckilyeverythingaboutCopenhagenisbreathtaking.

IwasstayinginanAirbnb,andrentedabikesoIcouldcovermoreground.OneofthefirstplacesIvisitedwastheRundetaarn,or“roundtower”builtinthe17thcenturyasanastronomicalobservatory.Ithasanequestrianstaircase(awidesetofstairsbigenoughforhorsestouse)thatwentonandon.AsIwasgoingup,Istoppedtovisitthetower'slibraryhall.Atthetop,there'saglassplatformthatgivesaview80-footstraightdown,aswellasabellloft.Luckily,theviewsoverCopenhagenfromthetopwerewellworththeclimb.

Aftercomingdown,IhikeduptotheKastelletFortresstoseethefamousLittleMermaidstatue.Takingaphotowithherwasalmostimpossiblewithallthetouristscrowdingaround—butsittingthereandhearingthelappingwavesofthedeepblueBalticSea,waitingforthesuntoset,wasanunforgettableandcalmingexperience.

Thenextday,IvisitedtheGlyptotekartmuseum,exploringthegrandexhibits.IlookedintothemarbleeyesofmanyRomangods，andwalkeddowndimlylitstaircasestoseemummiesfromEgypt.

BeforeIunwillinglyboardedthetrainbacktotheairport,ItoldmyselfthatImustvisitagain—toexperiencethethrillsofTivoliGardens,trymoreofthestreetfoodandeverythingelsefromthisamazingcity.（1）Whydidtheauthorrentabike?A.

Becauseshelovedtorideabike.

B.

Becauseshedidn'taffordtorentacar.C.

Becauseshefoundnowheretorentothervehicles.

D.

Becauseshewantedtoseeasmanyattractionsaspossible.（2）WhatdidtheauthorfinddifficultattheKastelletFortress?A.

Findingasittingplace

B.

WaitingforthesuntosetC.

Listeningtothesoundofwaves

D.

Havingaphototakenwithastatue.（3）Whichofthefollowingdidn'ttheauthorvisit?A.

Rundetaarn

B.

TivoliGardens

C.

Glyptotekartmuseum

D.

LittleMermaidStatue（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

Torememberaholiday

B.

TointroduceanewattractionC.

Tosharehertravelexperience

D.

ToshowherloveofCopenhagen【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者去哥本哈根的窮游經(jīng)歷。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“IwasstayinginanAirbnb,andrentedabikesoIcouldcovermoreground.”可知作者租一輛自行車是因為她想要看盡可能多的旅游勝地，故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Takingaphotowithherwasalmostimpossiblewithallthetouristscrowdingaround”可知在KastelletFortress，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)最困難的事情就是和雕塑拍照，故選D。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“OneofthefirstplacesIvisitedwastheRundetaarn,”排除A；根據(jù)第四段中的“Thenextday,IvisitedtheGlyptotekartmuseum,exploringthegrandexhibits.”排除C；根據(jù)第三段中的“Aftercomingdown,IhikeduptotheKastelletFortresstoseethefamousLittleMermaidstatue.”排除D，故選B。(4)考查寫作意圖。這篇文章主要介紹了作者去哥本哈根的窮游經(jīng)歷，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是分享自己的旅游經(jīng)歷，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和寫作意圖兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的同時，需進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Latelyapopulareight-floorbookstoreinHefei,Anhuiprovince,hasrisentofamebecauseitbecomestheworld'sfirstshared