考研英語閱讀2025年真題模擬訓(xùn)練試卷（含答案）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartAPassage1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesignhaveseenasurgeinnon-traditionalemploymentarrangements.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunprecedentedfreedomandautonomyforworkers,allowingthemtochoosetheirownhours,projects,andemployers.However,criticsraiseconcernsaboutthelackofjobsecurity,benefits,andlong-termcareerprospectsassociatedwithgigwork.Amajorargumentinfavorofthegigeconomycentersonitspotentialtoempowerindividuals.Workerswhoengageingigactivitiescanoftensettheirownschedules,takeonworkthatalignswiththeirinterests,andenjoyadegreeofflexibilitythattraditionalemploymentmaynotoffer.Thisisparticularlyappealingtostudents,parents,orindividualsseekingtosupplementtheirincomeortransitionbetweenjobs.Theaccessibilityofgigplatformsalsolowersthebarriertoentryformanyprofessions,enablingpeopletostartearningwithoutextensivepriorexperienceornetworking.Despitetheseadvantages,significantdrawbacksexist.Thelackofbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleaveisaprimaryconcernforgigworkers.Unliketraditionalemployees,whotypicallyreceivebenefitspackagesfromtheiremployers,gigworkersmustnavigatetheseaspectsindependently,oftenleadingtofinancialinstabilityandanxietyaboutthefuture.Moreover,thetransientnatureofgigworkmeansthatworkerslackthecareerprogressionandprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiesprovidedbylong-termemployers.Thiscanresultinasenseofrootlessnessandlimitedopportunitiesforadvancement.Theregulatorylandscapesurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsandpolicymakersaregrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractors,whoaregenerallynotcoveredbylaborregulations,orasemployees,whowouldbeentitledtobenefitsandprotections.Theambiguitycreatesuncertaintyforbothworkersandcompaniesoperatinginthegigspace.Astheeconomycontinuestoshift,findingabalancedapproachthatacknowledgesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhileaddressingthevulnerabilitiesofgigworkerswillbecrucial.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whatisamajorbenefitofthegigeconomyforworkers?3.Whatisamainconcernraisedbycriticsaboutgigwork?4.Theword"empowerment"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Controlb)Exploitationc)Independenced)Regulation5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofgigworkregulation?6.Theauthor'stonetowardsthegigeconomycanbestbedescribedas:a)Entirelysupportiveb)Entirelycriticalc)Mixedandbalancedd)IndifferentPassage2Theproliferationofdigitalinformationhasfundamentallyalteredhowpeopleaccessandconsumeknowledge.Theinternet,searchengines,andonlinedatabaseshavemadevastamountsofinformationreadilyavailableatourfingertips.Whilethiseaseofaccessoffersunprecedentedconvenience,italsoposeschallengestodeepreadingandcriticalthinkingskills.Thefragmentednatureofonlinecontent,coupledwiththeconstantbarrageofnotificationsandthelureofimmediategratification,oftendiscouragessustainedattentionandthoughtfulengagementwithcomplextexts.Onesignificantconsequenceofthisdigitallandscapeisthedeclineofdeepreadinghabits.Traditionalreading,characterizedbyprolongedfocusonasingletext,allowsfornuancedcomprehensionandthedevelopmentofcriticalanalysisskills.However,onlinereadingtendstobemoresuperficial,involvingrapidskimming,clickingbetweenmultiplesources,andjumpingfromonetopictoanother.This"shallowreading"approachcanhindertheabilitytograspcomplexideas,followintricatearguments,orappreciatethesubtletiesoflanguageandstyle.Furthermore,theeasewithwhichinformationcanbefoundonlinecanleadtoissuesofmisinformationandechochambers.Searchalgorithmsoftenprioritizecontentthatgeneratesengagement,whichcansometimesmeanprioritizingsensationalorpolarizingnarrativesoverfactualaccuracy.Additionally,individualsmayprimarilyconsumeinformationthatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs,limitingexposuretodiverseperspectivesandreinforcingcognitivebiases.Thiscanleadtoaskewedunderstandingoftheworldandhinderconstructivedialogue.Despitethesechallenges,digitaltechnologyalsoofferstoolsthatcanenhancelearningandreading.Digitallibraries,e-readers,andonlinecoursesprovideaccesstoawealthofresourcesandinteractivelearningexperiences.Theabilitytoquicklysearchforcontextualinformation,highlightpassages,andannotatetextscanalsoaidcomprehensionforcertaintypesoflearning.Thekey,therefore,liesindevelopingdigitalliteracyskillsthatenableindividualstonavigatetheonlineinformationenvironmentcriticallyandpurposefully,balancingthebenefitsofconveniencewiththeneedfordeepengagementandthoughtfulreflection.Questions:7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajordifferencebetweentraditionalreadingandonlinereading?8.Whatpotentialnegativeoutcomeisassociatedwiththeconsumptionofeasilyaccessibleonlineinformation?9.Thephrase"echochambers"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:a)Placeswherepeoplegathertoreadbooksb)Groupswheresimilaropinionsarerepeatedlyheardc)Soundproofroomsforrecordingd)Onlineforumsforbookreviews10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestistheprimarychallengeinusingdigitaltechnologyforreadingandlearning?11.Accordingtotheauthor,whatskilliscrucialfornavigatingtheonlineinformationenvironmenteffectively?12.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Declineb)Scarcityc)Increased)OrganizationPassage3Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeacriticalpriorityforcitiesworldwideaspopulationscontinuetogrowandenvironmentalconcernsintensify.Traditionalurbanplanningmodels,oftenfocusedonhigh-densityconstructionandefficienttransportationsystems,havefrequentlyprioritizedeconomicgrowthandconvenienceoverenvironmentalprotectionandsocialequity.However,contemporaryapproachestosustainableurbanismrecognizetheinterconnectednessofecological,social,andeconomicfactorsandaimtocreatecitiesthatareenvironmentallyresilient,sociallyinclusive,andeconomicallyvibrant.Acornerstoneofsustainableurbandevelopmentistheintegrationofgreenspacesintourbanenvironments.Parks,greenroofs,urbanforests,andcommunitygardensnotonlyprovideaestheticbenefitsandrecreationalopportunitiesbutalsoplayacrucialroleinmitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect,improvingairquality,andsupportingbiodiversity.Thesenaturalelementscontributetotheoverallwell-beingofcityresidentsandhelpcitiesadapttoclimatechange.Furthermore,sustainableurbanplanningemphasizesthedevelopmentofmixed-useneighborhoodswhereresidential,commercial,andrecreationalspacesareintegrated,reducingtheneedforlongcommutesandpromotingwalkability.Socialequityisanotheressentialcomponentofsustainableurbanism.Thisinvolvesensuringthaturbandevelopmentbenefitsallsegmentsofthepopulation,includinglow-incomecommunities,marginalizedgroups,andelderlyresidents.Affordablehousing,accesstoqualityeducationandhealthcare,safepublicspaces,andequitableinfrastructuredistributionareallkeyconsiderations.Byprioritizingsocialequity,citiescanfosterinclusivecommunities,reducesocialtensions,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeforallresidents.Achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresacollaborativeapproachinvolvinggovernments,businesses,communityorganizations,andresidents.Itnecessitatesinnovativepolicies,investmentingreentechnologies,andashiftinculturalattitudestowardsconsumptionandurbanliving.Whilechallengessuchasfunding,politicalwill,andpublicresistanceexist,thepotentialbenefitsofsustainablecities—suchasimprovedpublichealth,increasedeconomicresilience,andahealthierplanet—makethisapursuitworthyofconcertedeffort.Thefutureofurbanlivinghingesonourabilitytointegratesustainabilityintoeveryaspectofcityplanningandmanagement.Questions:13.Whatisthemaingoalofsustainableurbandevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeenvironmentalbenefitsofgreenspacesincities?15.Theword"mitigating"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Exacerbatingb)Ignoringc)Reducingd)Creating16.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeyfeatureofsociallyequitableurbandevelopment?17.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisrequiredforsuccessfulsustainableurbandevelopment?18.Thephrase"hingeson"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Dependsonb)Isunrelatedtoc)Issuperiortod)IsincompatiblewithPassage4Theconceptof"culturalheritage"encompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'shistory,traditions,andartisticexpressions.Thisheritagetakesmanyforms,includinghistoricalbuildings,monuments,artifacts,oraltraditions,music,dance,andsocialpractices.Itservesasavitallinktothepast,shapingacollectiveidentityandprovidingafoundationforculturalcontinuity.However,preservingculturalheritagefacesnumerouschallengesinthecontemporaryworld,rangingfromphysicaldeteriorationtothethreatofculturalappropriationandthehomogenizingeffectsofglobalization.Physicalpreservationisasignificantconcern,particularlyforheritagesitesandartifacts.Manyhistoricalstructuressufferfromaging,damagecausedbynaturaldisasters,orneglect.Thecostofrestorationandmaintenancecanbesubstantial,andresourceconstraintsoftenlimittheabilityofgovernmentsandorganizationstoadequatelyprotectallsites.Climatechangealsoposesagrowingthreat,acceleratingthedecayofmaterialsandendangeringfragileheritagelocations.Furthermore,illegaltraffickingofculturalartifactsremainsapersistentproblem,strippingcommunitiesoftheirhistoricallegacy.Theintangibleaspectsofculturalheritageareequallyvulnerable.Oraltraditions,forexample,canbelostwhentheknowledgeholderspassawayandyoungergenerationsnolongertransmitthestories,songs,orpractices.Similarly,traditionalcraftsandperformingartsmaydeclineduetoeconomicpressures,changingsocialnorms,oralackofinterestamongyoungerpeople.Thedominanceofglobalmediaandpopularculturecanalsoleadtotheerosionoflocaltraditionsandthecreationofamorehomogenousculturallandscape.Despitethesechallenges,effortstopreserveandrevitalizeculturalheritageareongoinganddiverse.Community-basedinitiativesplayacrucialrole,astheyinvolvelocalpeopleinthedocumentation,protection,andpracticeoftheirtraditions.Digitaltechnologiesoffernewtoolsforpreservation,enablingtherecordingandarchivingofintangibleheritageandthevirtualreconstructionofdamagedsites.Internationalcooperationandlegalframeworks,suchastheUNESCOConventionfortheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage,alsoprovidecrucialsupportforheritageconservation.Ultimately,recognizingtheintrinsicvalueofculturalheritageanditsimportanceforsustainabledevelopmentisessentialforensuringitssurvivalforfuturegenerations.Questions:19.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?20.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorthreattohistoricalbuildingsandartifacts?21.Theword"eradication"inthethirdparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby:a)Preservationb)Promotionc)Eliminationd)Adaptation22.Accordingtothepassage,howcandigitaltechnologieshelpwithculturalheritagepreservation?23.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestistheroleoflocalcommunitiesinpreservingculturalheritage?24.Theword"intrinsic"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Extrinsicb)Intangiblec)Essentiald)ExternalPartBReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethemostsuitableheadingforeachnumberedparagraphfromthelistbelow.Writethecorrespondingletter(A-L)nexttotheparagraphnumber.___Theconceptof"work-lifebalance"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsastheboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallifehavebecomeincreasinglyblurred.Traditionalnotionsofworkingfixedhoursinanofficeandthendisconnectinghavebeenlargelyreplacedbymorefluidarrangements,includingremotework,flexibleschedules,andthegigeconomy.Whilethesechangesoffergreaterflexibilityandautonomyformanyemployees,theyalsopresentnewchallengesinmaintainingahealthyseparationbetweenworkandpersonaltime.Thealways-connectednatureofdigitaltechnologymeansthatworkcan,quiteliterally,followemployeeshome,makingitdifficulttotruly"switchoff."Amajorfactorcontributingtothedifficultyofachievingwork-lifebalanceistheculturalpressuretobeconstantlyavailable.Manyorganizationsfosteranenvironmentwhereemployeesareexpectedtorespondtoemailsandmessagesoutsideofstandardworkinghours.Thiscanstemfromadesiretodemonstratecommitmentanddedication,butitoftenleadstoburnoutandincreasedstress.Thelinebetweenbeingaresponsibleemployeeandbeingaslavetoone'sjobcanbecomedangerouslyblurred.Furthermore,theriseofsocialmediahasaddedanotherlayerofcomplexity,aspersonallifeisnowoftenlivedinpublic,makingithardertodisconnectevenwhenawayfromwork.BSolutionstothesechallengesrequireamulti-facetedapproachinvolvingbothindividualstrategiesandorganizationalchanges.Onanindividuallevel,employeescanbenefitfromsettingclearboundaries,suchasdesignatingspecifictimesforcheckingworkemailsandcommunicatingtheseboundariestocolleaguesandsupervisors.Techniquesliketimeblocking,wherespecificperiodsareallocatedforfocusedworkandothersforpersonalactivities,canalsohelpcreatestructure.Additionally,prioritizingself-careactivities,suchasexercise,hobbies,andspendingtimewithlovedones,iscrucialformaintainingoverallwell-being.CEmployersalsohavearesponsibilitytocreateaculturethatsupportswork-lifebalance.Thiscaninvolveimplementingpoliciesthatpromoteflexibility,suchasremoteworkoptions,compressedworkweeks,orunlimitedvacationdays.Providingemployeeswiththetoolsandresourcestheyneedtomanagetheirworkeffectively,suchasprojectmanagementsoftwareoraccesstoprofessionaldevelopment,canalsoreducetheneedforovertime.Ultimately,organizationsthatprioritizethewell-beingoftheiremployeesarelikelytobenefitfromincreasedproductivity,higherjobsatisfaction,andlowerturnoverrates.DThepursuitofwork-lifebalanceisnotaone-size-fits-allendeavor;whatworksforonepersonmaynotbesuitableforanother.Individualcircumstances,suchaspersonalresponsibilities,careergoals,andfinancialneeds,allplayaroleindeterminingtheoptimalbalance.Forsome,ademandingcareermightrequiresacrificingcertainpersonalactivities,whileothersmightfindwaystointegratetheirpersonallifemoreseamlesslyintotheirprofessionalresponsibilities.Thekeyistoregularlyassessone'sownneedsandprioritiesandmakeadjustmentsaccordingly.Strikingtherightbalanceisanongoingprocessthatrequiresconsciouseffortandperiodicreevaluation.ETheimpactofwork-lifebalance(orthelackthereof)extendsbeyondindividualwell-beingtobroadersocietalissues.Chronicworkplacestressandburnoutcontributetopublichealthproblems,includingmentalhealthdisordersandphysicalillnesses.Furthermore,theerosionofwork-lifebalancecannegativelyaffectfamilyrelationshipsandcommunityinvolvement.Asthenatureofworkcontinuestoevolve,findingwaystofosterahealthierrelationshipbetweenworkandlifeisnotjustapersonalgoalbutasocietalnecessityforcreatingamoresustainableandresilientfuture.FGHIJKLListofHeadings:ATheHurdlesofCulturalPressureBStrategiesforPersonalControlCTheEmployer'sRoleinCultureDIndividualVariabilityinBalanceEWiderSocietalConsequencesFTheBlurringBoundariesofWorkGTheRiseofFlexibleWorkArrangementsHTheNegativeEffectsofBurnoutITheImportanceofSelf-CareJTheNeedforClearBoundariesKTheConceptofWork-LifeIntegrationLTheConstantPresenceofTechnologyPartCReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)havesparkedintensedebateregardingtheirpotentialimpactonthefutureofemployment.WhileproponentssuggestthatAIwillcreatenewjobcategoriesandincreaseoverallproductivity,criticswarnofwidespreadjobdisplacementasmachinesbecomecapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresanuancedunderstandingofboththeopportunitiesandthechallengespresentedbyAIintegrationintotheworkforce.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsrevolvesaroundtheautomationofroutinecognitivetasks.Jobsinvolvingdataprocessing,patternrecognition,andbasicdecision-makingareparticularlyvulnerabletoautomation.Forinstance,softwarealgorithmscannowanalyzemedicalimageswithaccuracycomparabletohumanradiologists,performfinancialforecasting,orevenconductinitialscreeningsforjobapplications.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,therangeoftaskstheycanperformislikelytoexpand,potentiallydisplacingnotonlylow-skilledworkersbutalsomiddle-skillprofessionalswhosejobsrelyheavilyonthesetypesofcognitiveprocesses.However,theimpactofAIisnotsolelynegative;italsoofferssignificantopportunitiesforworkforcetransformation.AIcanaugmenthumancapabilities,allowingworkerstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs.Forexample,AItoolscanassistdesignersbygeneratingdesignoptions,helpteachersbyprovidingpersonalizedlearningrecommendations,oraidhealthcareprovidersbyanalyzingpatientdatatosuggestdiagnoses.Thiscollaborativemodel,wherehumansandAIworktogether,hasthepotentialtoenhanceproductivityandinnovationacrossvarioussectors.Furthermore,thedevelopmentandmaintenanceofAIsystemsthemselveswillgeneratenewemploymentopportunitiesinfieldssuchasAIprogramming,datascience,androboticsengineering.Ultimately,thefutureofworkinanAI-driveneconomywilldependonhoweffectivelysocietiescanadapt.ThisinvolvesinvestingineducationandtrainingprogramsthatequipworkerswiththeskillsneededtocollaboratewithAItechnologies.Italsorequiresthoughtfulpolicyinterventionstomanagethetransition,suchasexploringoptionsforuniversalbasicincomeorstrengtheningsocialsafetynetstosupportthosedisplacedbyautomation.ThegoalshouldbetoharnessthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsides,ensuringthattheshifttowardsanAI-integratedworkforceisinclusiveandsustainable.---試卷答案PartA1.C解析思路：文章第一段明確指出，gigeconomy的核心特征是數(shù)字平臺(tái)連接服務(wù)提供者和顧客，以靈活的、通常是短期為基礎(chǔ)的方式提供服務(wù)。這與選項(xiàng)C“基于數(shù)字平臺(tái)，以靈活、短期合同形式提供服務(wù)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)模式”最為吻合。選項(xiàng)A“自由職業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)”過于簡(jiǎn)化；B“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”是國(guó)內(nèi)常用說法，但非原文核心描述；D“雇傭關(guān)系經(jīng)濟(jì)”與gigeconomy的非傳統(tǒng)性質(zhì)相悖。2.A解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，“Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunprecedentedfreedomandautonomyforworkers,allowingthemtochoosetheirownhours,projects,andemployers.”支持者認(rèn)為這種模式為工人提供了前所未有的自由和自主性，允許他們選擇自己的工作時(shí)間、項(xiàng)目和雇主。選項(xiàng)A“控制”與freedomandautonomy（自由和自主）意思相反；B“剝削”文中未直接論述；C“獨(dú)立”準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了autonomy（自主性）的含義；D“監(jiān)管”并非主要論點(diǎn)。3.B解析思路：文章第三段的核心論點(diǎn)是gigwork缺乏jobsecurity,benefits,andlong-termcareerprospects。批評(píng)者主要擔(dān)心的是缺乏工作保障、福利和長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)前景。選項(xiàng)A“經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定”是缺乏保障的表現(xiàn)；C“技能發(fā)展受限”是缺乏長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)前景的結(jié)果；D“工作強(qiáng)度大”文中未提及。選項(xiàng)B“缺乏工作保障、福利和長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)前景”最直接地概括了批評(píng)者的核心擔(dān)憂。4.C解析思路：第二段中，“Thisisparticularlyappealingtostudents,parents,orindividualsseekingtosupplementtheirincomeortransitionbetweenjobs.”這對(duì)那些尋求補(bǔ)充收入或轉(zhuǎn)換工作的人特別有吸引力。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是工人可以選擇自己的時(shí)間、項(xiàng)目和雇主，體現(xiàn)了工作的自主性。選項(xiàng)C“獨(dú)立”能體現(xiàn)這種自主選擇帶來的自由感。A“控制”與文意相反；B“剝削”無依據(jù)；D“監(jiān)管”非文意。5.E解析思路：文章最后一段指出，“Governmentsandpolicymakersaregrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractors,whoaregenerallynotcoveredbylaborregulations,orasemployees,whowouldbeentitledtobenefitsandprotections.”政府和政策制定者正在努力解決如何界定零工工作者——是作為獨(dú)立承包商（通常不享有勞工法規(guī)的保護(hù)）還是作為雇員（享有福利和保護(hù)）。選項(xiàng)E“監(jiān)管框架仍在確定中”最能體現(xiàn)原文中classification（分類）和regulation（監(jiān)管）的模糊性和正在解決的狀態(tài)。6.C解析思路：作者在文中既承認(rèn)了gigeconomy的優(yōu)點(diǎn)（如自由、靈活性-第二段），也指出了其缺點(diǎn)（如缺乏保障、職業(yè)發(fā)展-第三段）。第四段進(jìn)一步討論了監(jiān)管的復(fù)雜性。因此，作者的語氣并非完全支持（A）或完全批評(píng)（B），而是呈現(xiàn)了正反兩方面的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)C“混合且平衡”最能概括這種態(tài)度。Passage27.A解析思路：文章第一段對(duì)比了傳統(tǒng)閱讀（prolongedfocusonasingletext）和在線閱讀（fragmentednature,rapidskimming,clickingbetweensources）。傳統(tǒng)閱讀的特點(diǎn)是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專注于單一文本，而在線閱讀的特點(diǎn)是注意力分散、快速瀏覽、在多個(gè)信息間切換。選項(xiàng)A“專注深度與碎片化、快速瀏覽”概括了兩者最核心的區(qū)別。8.B解析思路：根據(jù)第三段，“Theeasewithwhichinformationcanbefoundonlinecanleadtoissuesofmisinformationandechochambers.”信息在線上易于獲取，可能導(dǎo)致虛假信息和回聲室效應(yīng)的問題。虛假信息（misinformation）是指不準(zhǔn)確或錯(cuò)誤的信息。選項(xiàng)B“信息失真/虛假”是原文“misinformation”的直接含義。9.B解析思路：第三段提到，“Additionally,individualsmayprimarilyconsumeinformationthatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs,limitingexposuretodiverseperspectivesandreinforcingcognitivebiases.”個(gè)體可能主要消費(fèi)證實(shí)其既有信念的信息，限制了對(duì)不同觀點(diǎn)的接觸，并強(qiáng)化了認(rèn)知偏見。Echochambers指的是在這種環(huán)境下，人們只聽到與自己觀點(diǎn)相似的言論，形成類似回聲的循環(huán)。選項(xiàng)B“相似觀點(diǎn)反復(fù)被聽到的小圈子”是對(duì)該概念的形象解釋。10.D解析思路：文章第四段提到，“Thekey,therefore,liesindevelopingdigitalliteracyskillsthatenableindividualstonavigatetheonlineinformationenvironmentcriticallyandpurposefully,balancingthebenefitsofconveniencewiththeneedfordeepengagementandthoughtfulreflection.”因此，關(guān)鍵在于培養(yǎng)數(shù)字素養(yǎng)技能，使個(gè)人能夠批判性地、有目的地駕馭在線信息環(huán)境，在便利性與深度參與和深思熟慮的需求之間取得平衡。選項(xiàng)D“在便利性與深度參與和深思熟慮的需求之間取得平衡”概括了原文中提到的挑戰(zhàn)——如何在數(shù)字技術(shù)提供的便利性與進(jìn)行深度閱讀和反思的需要之間找到平衡點(diǎn)。11.C解析思路：根據(jù)第四段，“developingdigitalliteracyskillsthatenableindividualstonavigatetheonlineinformationenvironmentcriticallyandpurposefully...”培養(yǎng)數(shù)字素養(yǎng)技能，使個(gè)人能夠批判性地、有目的地駕馭在線信息環(huán)境。這意味著批判性思維技能（criticalthinkingskills）是有效利用數(shù)字技術(shù)進(jìn)行閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵。選項(xiàng)C“批判性思維”符合原文意思。12.C解析思路：第一段提到，“Theproliferationofdigitalinformationhasfundamentallyalteredhowpeopleaccessandconsumeknowledge.”數(shù)字信息的激增從根本上改變了人們獲取和消費(fèi)知識(shí)的方式。Proliferation指的是迅速而大量地增加、擴(kuò)散。選項(xiàng)C“增加”是closestinmeaning（意思最接近）。Passage313.C解析思路：文章首段明確指出，“contemporaryapproachestosustainableurbanismrecognizetheinterconnectednessofecological,social,andeconomicfactorsandaimtocreatecitiesthatareenvironmentallyresilient,sociallyinclusive,andeconomicallyvibrant.”當(dāng)代可持續(xù)城市主義方法認(rèn)識(shí)到生態(tài)、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的相互聯(lián)系，旨在創(chuàng)造環(huán)境有韌性、社會(huì)包容、經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力的城市。選項(xiàng)C“創(chuàng)造環(huán)境有韌性、社會(huì)包容、經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力的城市”概括了可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)。14.A,B,C解析思路：第二段闡述了綠色空間的環(huán)境效益?！癙arks,greenroofs,urbanforests,andcommunitygardensnotonlyprovideaestheticbenefitsandrecreationalopportunitiesbutalsoplayacrucialroleinmitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect,improvingairquality,andsupportingbiodiversity.”這些綠色空間不僅提供美學(xué)效益和休閑機(jī)會(huì)，還在緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)、改善空氣質(zhì)量和支持生物多樣性方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。選項(xiàng)A“緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)”、B“改善空氣質(zhì)量”、C“支持生物多樣性”均為原文提到的環(huán)境效益。15.C解析思路：第二段提到，“Thelackofbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleaveisaprimaryconcernforgigworkers.Unliketraditionalemployees,whotypicallyreceivebenefitspackagesfromtheiremployers,gigworkersmustnavigatetheseaspectsindependently...”缺乏福利（如健康保險(xiǎn)、退休計(jì)劃、帶薪休假）是自由職業(yè)者的主要擔(dān)憂。與傳統(tǒng)員工不同，他們通常從雇主那里獲得福利套餐，而自由職業(yè)者必須獨(dú)立應(yīng)對(duì)這些方面。這里描述的是缺乏福利帶來的負(fù)面影響，即經(jīng)濟(jì)上的負(fù)擔(dān)或不穩(wěn)定。Mitigating意為減輕、緩和。選項(xiàng)C“減少”與原文lackof（缺乏）的語境相反，但結(jié)合上下文，此處應(yīng)理解為缺乏福利導(dǎo)致的問題沒有減輕，即問題依然存在或更嚴(yán)重。更準(zhǔn)確的理解是，缺乏福利的負(fù)面影響是“存在”且顯著的，而不是被減輕了。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置，C是最可能的意圖。16.D解析思路：第三段強(qiáng)調(diào)，“Socialequityisanotheressentialcomponentofsustainableurbanism.Thisinvolvesensuringthaturbandevelopmentbenefitsallsegmentsofthepopulation,includinglow-incomecommunities,marginalizedgroups,andelderlyresidents.Byprioritizingsocialequity,citiescanfosterinclusivecommunities,reducesocialtensions,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeforallresidents.”可持續(xù)城市主義的另一個(gè)基本組成部分是社會(huì)公平。這涉及確保城市發(fā)展使所有人口群體受益，包括低收入社區(qū)、邊緣化群體和老年人。通過優(yōu)先考慮社會(huì)公平，城市可以促進(jìn)包容性社區(qū)，減少社會(huì)緊張局勢(shì)，并提高所有居民的整體生活質(zhì)量。選項(xiàng)D“確保所有居民群體都能從城市發(fā)展中受益”最能概括社會(huì)公平在城市發(fā)展中的關(guān)鍵特征。17.A解析思路：最后一段指出，“Achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresacollaborativeapproachinvolvinggovernments,businesses,communityorganizations,andresidents.Itnecessitatesinnovativepolicies,investmentingreentechnologies,andashiftinculturalattitudestowardsconsumptionandurbanliving.”實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展需要一種協(xié)作方法，涉及政府、企業(yè)、社區(qū)組織和居民。這需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新政策、對(duì)綠色技術(shù)的投資以及消費(fèi)和城市生活方式態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。Collaborativeapproach指的是需要各方共同參與、合作進(jìn)行。選項(xiàng)A“需要政府、企業(yè)、社區(qū)組織和居民等各方的共同參與和合作”準(zhǔn)確反映了原文的意思。18.A解析思路：最后一段結(jié)尾處，“Thefutureofurbanlivinghingesonourabilitytointegratesustainabilityintoeveryaspectofcityplanningandmanagement.”城市生活的未來取決于我們能否將可持續(xù)性融入城市規(guī)劃和管理的一切方面。Hingeson意為取決于、系于。選項(xiàng)A“取決于”是closestinmeaning。Passage419.C解析思路：文章首段即提出問題，“Preservingculturalheritagefacesnumerouschallengesinthecontemporaryworld,rangingfromphysicaldeteriorationtothethreatofculturalappropriationandthehomogenizingeffectsofglobalization.”保護(hù)和傳承文化遺產(chǎn)在當(dāng)代世界面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，從實(shí)體損壞到文化挪用的威脅以及全球化的同質(zhì)化影響。接著文章分別論述了物理損壞、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的流失、全球化影響等挑戰(zhàn)，并最后提出解決方案。因此，文章的主要目的是探討文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及其應(yīng)對(duì)方法。選項(xiàng)C“探討文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及應(yīng)對(duì)方法”最能概括文章主旨。20.B解析思路：第二段詳細(xì)描述了物理保護(hù)的挑戰(zhàn)，“Manyhistoricalstructuressufferfromaging,damagecausedbynaturaldisasters,orneglect.Thecostofrestorationandmaintenancecanbesubstantial,andresourceconstraintsoftenlimittheabilityofgovernmentsandorganizationstoadequatelyprotectallsites.”許多歷史建筑因年代久遠(yuǎn)、自然災(zāi)害造成的損壞或被忽視而受損。修復(fù)和維護(hù)的成本可能很高，資源限制通常限制了政府和組織充分保護(hù)所有遺址的能力。因此，實(shí)體損壞（physicaldeterioration）、自然災(zāi)害（naturaldisasters）