2025年GRE考試語文真題及答案考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Section1:TextCompletiondirections:Foreachblank,selectoneofthewordsgiventobestcompletethetext.Fillinthecorrespondingcircleonyouranswersheet.1.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa______momentinmedicalhistory,fundamentallyalteringthewaydiseasesaretreatedandsavingcountlesslives.(A)revolutionary(B)mundane(C)predictable(D)trivial(E)familiar(F)incremental2.Despitethe______evidencesuggestinghisinnocence,thejuryremainedunconvinced,relyingheavilyontheprosecution'semotionalclosingargument.(A)conclusive(B)ambiguous(C)overwhelming(D)circumstantial(E)irrelevant(F)preliminary3.Her______approachtoproblem-solving,characterizedbymeticulousplanningandareluctancetotakerisks,oftenledtooverlyconservativeoutcomes.(A)improvisational(B)meticulous(C)cautious(D)aggressive(E)innovative(F)haphazardSection2:ReadingComprehensiondirections:Foreachquestion,selectthebestanswerchoicebasedonthepassage.Passage1:Theconceptof"cognitiveload"referstothetotalamountofmentaleffortbeingusedintheworkingmemory.Whenlearningoccurs,informationmustbeheldintheworkingmemorywhileitisbeingprocessedandtransferredtolong-termmemory.Ifthecognitiveloadexceedsthecapacityoftheworkingmemory,learningisimpeded.Educatorsmustthereforebemindfulofthecognitiveloadimposedonlearners.Therearethreemaintypesofcognitiveload:intrinsic,extraneous,andgermane.Intrinsiccognitiveloadstemsfromtheinherentdifficultyofthematerialitself;forexample,learningcomplexcalculusconceptspresentsahighintrinsicload.Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrom呈現(xiàn)方式anddesignthatdonotfacilitatelearning,suchasclutteredtextbooksorpoorlystructuredpresentations.Germanecognitiveload,ontheotherhand,isthementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation.Ideally,instructionaldesignshouldminimizeextraneouscognitiveloadandoptimizeconditionsforgermanecognitiveloadtofacilitateeffectivelearning.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryfactorthathinderslearningwhencognitiveloadisexcessive?(A)Theinterferencefromlong-termmemory.(B)Theinherentcomplexityofthelearner'sworkingmemory.(C)Theinefficiencyoftheprocessingmechanisms.(D)Theexceedingofworkingmemorycapacity.(E)Thelackofintrinsicmotivationinlearners.(F)Theinappropriateselectionoflearningmaterials.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingisanexampleofminimizingextraneouscognitiveload?(A)Providinglearnerswithadditionalpracticeproblems.(B)Usingsimpleandclearlanguageininstructionalmaterials.(C)Encouraginglearnerstotakefrequentbreaksduringstudysessions.(D)Presentingcomplexinformationinmultipleformatssimultaneously.(E)Assigninglearnerschallengingtaskstoenhancetheirmotivation.(F)Requiringlearnerstorecallinformationfrompriorknowledge.6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenintrinsiccognitiveloadandgermanecognitiveloadasdescribedinthepassage?(A)Intrinsicloadisnecessarytoachieveahighlevelofgermaneload.(B)Intrinsicloadandgermaneloadareindependentofeachother.(C)Intrinsicloadtypicallyreducesthepotentialforgermaneload.(D)Germaneloadisoftengreaterthanintrinsicloadincomplextasks.(E)Intrinsicloadcompeteswithgermaneloadforworkingmemoryresources.(F)Germaneloadprimarilyaddressesthechallengesposedbyextraneousload.Passage2:Thedebateoverurbansprawlhaslongbeencharacterizedbypolarizedviewpoints.Proponentsarguethatsprawloffersbenefitssuchaslowerhousingcostsandmorespaceperhousehold,cateringtothedesireforsuburbanliving.TheyoftenpointtothehistoricalpatternofAmericansettlementasevidencethatsprawlisaninevitableconsequenceofeconomicdevelopment.However,criticscontendthatsprawlleadstonumerousnegativeconsequences,includingincreasedtrafficcongestion,longercommutes,degradationofenvironmentalquality,andinefficientuseoflandandinfrastructure.Theyarguethatitpromotesdependenceonautomobiles,exacerbatessocialinequalitiesbylimitingaccesstoaffordablehousingindesirableareas,andcontributessignificantlytoairpollutionandhabitatloss.Recentstudieshaveattemptedtomovebeyondthesesimplisticdichotomiesbyexaminingthecomplexinteractionsbetweenurbanform,transportationsystems,andenvironmentalimpacts.Thesestudiessuggestthattheeffectsofsprawlarehighlycontext-dependentandthatcarefulplanningandpolicyinterventionscanmitigatemanyofitsdetrimentaleffects.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonebenefitofurbansprawlcitedbyitsproponents?(A)Itspromotionofenvironmentalsustainability.(B)Itsabilitytoreducetrafficcongestion.(C)Itsprovisionoflowerhousingcostsandmorespace.(D)Itsencouragementofhigh-densityliving.(E)Itssupportforthepreservationofnaturalhabitats.(F)Itsfacilitationofefficientinfrastructuredevelopment.8.Thepassagesuggeststhatcriticsofurbansprawlareconcernedaboutwhichofthefollowing?(A)Thehistoricalprecedentforsuburbandevelopment.(B)Thepotentialforincreasedautomobiledependence.(C)Thedesirabilityoflowerhousingcosts.(D)Thepromotionofsocialinequalities.(E)Theefficiencyoflanduseinurbanareas.(F)ThehistoricalpatternofAmericansettlement.9.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthefindingsofrecentstudiesonurbansprawl?(A)Theysupportthe觀點(diǎn)thatsprawlisaninevitableconsequenceofeconomicdevelopment.(B)Theyprovideamorenuancedunderstandingofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenurbanform,transportation,andtheenvironment.(C)Theyconfirmtheconcernsofcriticsaboutthenegativesocialconsequencesofsprawl.(D)Theyattributethenegativeeffectsofsprawlprimarilytotheuseofautomobiles.(E)Theysuggestthaturbansprawlisinherentlymoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanhigh-densityliving.(F)Theyarguethatcarefulplanningcannotmitigatethenegativeeffectsofsprawl.Section3:Select-in-Passagedirections:Eachpassagebelowhasoneormoreblanks.Eachblankisnumbered.Belowthepassagearesixwordsprintedinbold.Foreachblank,selectthetwowords(orthesinglewordifapplicable)that,wheninsertedintotheblank,bestfitthemeaningofthepassageasawhole.10.Duringthecompany'srestructuring,severaldepartmentswere__________,leadingtowidespreadconcernamongemployeesaboutjobsecurityandthefuturedirectionofthefirm.(A)eliminated(B)expanded(C)merged(D)relocated(E)funded(F)recognized11.Thenovel'sprotagonist,a______characterwhoseactionsoftendefyconventionalmorality,challengesthereadertoquestionthenatureofjusticeandredemption.(A)predictable(B)enigmatic(C)sympathetic(D)predictable(E)shallow(F)conventional12.Effortsto__________thedeclineinbiodiversityhavebeenhamperedbylimitedfunding,politicalinaction,andthecomplexityofecologicalsystems.(A)ignore(B)exacerbate(C)reverse(D)document(E)justify(F)celebrate試卷答案1.(A)revolutionary2.(C)overwhelming3.(C)cautious4.(D)theexceedingofworkingmemorycapacity.5.(B)usingsimpleandclearlanguageininstructionalmaterials.6.(E)Intrinsicloadcompeteswithgermaneloadforworkingmemoryresources.7.(C)itsprovisionoflowerhousingcostsandmorespace.8.(B)thepotentialforincreasedautomobiledependence.9.(B)Theyprovideamorenuancedunderstandingofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenurbanform,transportation,andtheenvironment.10.(A)eliminated/(C)merged11.(B)enigmatic12.(C)reverse解析1.句意：青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是醫(yī)學(xué)史上一個(gè)______的時(shí)刻，從根本上改變了疾病的治療方式，挽救了無數(shù)生命。根據(jù)“fundamentallyalteringthewaydiseasesaretreatedandsavingcountlesslives”（根本性地改變了疾病的治療方式并挽救了無數(shù)生命），可知這是一個(gè)極其重要和具有劃時(shí)代意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)(A)revolutionary（革命性的）符合此意。其他選項(xiàng)如mundane（平凡的）、trivial（瑣碎的）、incremental（漸進(jìn)的）均與句意不符。2.句意：盡管有______的證據(jù)表明他無辜，但陪審團(tuán)仍然不信服，heavilyrelyingontheprosecution'semotionalclosingargument（嚴(yán)重依賴檢方的情感性結(jié)辯）。根據(jù)“despitethe______evidencesuggestinghisinnocence”（盡管有______的證據(jù)表明他無辜）以及“thejuryremainedunconvinced”（陪審團(tuán)仍然不信服），說明證據(jù)雖然存在，但不足以令人信服。選項(xiàng)(C)overwhelming（壓倒性的）表示證據(jù)非常充分，但陪審團(tuán)仍不信服，這暗示證據(jù)可能存在爭議或不足以完全證明innocence。選項(xiàng)(A)conclusive（結(jié)論性的）如果證據(jù)是conclusive，通常足以令人信服。選項(xiàng)(B)ambiguous（模棱兩可的）如果證據(jù)是ambiguous，更容易讓人不信服。但結(jié)合語境，overwhelming更能體現(xiàn)證據(jù)的強(qiáng)度與結(jié)果（仍不信服）之間的反差，暗示證據(jù)可能對辯護(hù)方不利或存在其他干擾因素。故選overwhelming。3.句意：她______的解決問題方法，以細(xì)致的計(jì)劃和對冒險(xiǎn)的猶豫不決為特征，經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致過于保守的結(jié)果。根據(jù)“Her______approachtoproblem-solving,characterizedbymeticulousplanningandareluctancetotakerisks”（她______的解決問題方法，以細(xì)致的計(jì)劃和對冒險(xiǎn)的猶豫不決為特征），描述的是一種以“細(xì)致計(jì)劃”和“不愿冒險(xiǎn)”為特點(diǎn)的方法。選項(xiàng)(C)cautious（謹(jǐn)慎的）直接對應(yīng)了“reluctancetotakerisks”和“meticulousplanning”所體現(xiàn)出的保守傾向。其他選項(xiàng)如(A)improvisational（即興的）、(E)innovative（創(chuàng)新的）都與“reluctancetotakerisks”相悖。選項(xiàng)(B)meticulous（細(xì)致的）和(D)cautious（謹(jǐn)慎的）都符合部分描述，但cautious更能概括“猶豫不決”和“保守結(jié)果”的整體特征。4.題干：Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryfactorthathinderslearningwhencognitiveloadisexcessive?（根據(jù)文章，當(dāng)認(rèn)知負(fù)荷過度時(shí)，什么是最主要的阻礙學(xué)習(xí)因素？）定位到第一段“ifthecognitiveloadexceedsthecapacityoftheworkingmemory,learningisimpeded”（如果認(rèn)知負(fù)荷超過工作記憶的容量，學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)受到阻礙）。句中的“exceedingthecapacityoftheworkingmemory”（超過工作記憶的容量）直接說明了阻礙學(xué)習(xí)的主要原因。選項(xiàng)(D)theexceedingofworkingmemorycapacity.與此句意相符。5.題干：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingisanexampleofminimizingextraneouscognitiveload?（文章暗示以下哪項(xiàng)是減少額外認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的例子？）定位到第一段“Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrompresentationanddesignthatdonotfacilitatelearning,suchasclutteredtextbooksorpoorlystructuredpresentations”（額外認(rèn)知負(fù)荷源于不利于學(xué)習(xí)的呈現(xiàn)方式和設(shè)計(jì)，例如雜亂的教科書或結(jié)構(gòu)不良的演示文稿）。文中明確指出“使用簡單明了的語言”有助于減少額外認(rèn)知負(fù)荷，因?yàn)樗鼘儆凇癴acilitatelearning”（促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)）的呈現(xiàn)方式。選項(xiàng)(B)usingsimpleandclearlanguageininstructionalmaterials.與此描述一致。6.題干：Whatistherelationshipbetweenintrinsiccognitiveloadandgermanecognitiveloadasdescribedinthepassage?（文章描述了內(nèi)在認(rèn)知負(fù)荷和germane認(rèn)知負(fù)荷之間的關(guān)系是什么？）定位到第一段“Thethreemaintypesofcognitiveload...Intrinsiccognitiveloadstemsfromtheinherentdifficulty...germanecognitiveloadisthementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation”（三種主要的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷...內(nèi)在認(rèn)知負(fù)荷源于固有的難度...germane認(rèn)知負(fù)荷是致力于處理和理解信息的心理努力）。內(nèi)在負(fù)荷是信息固有的難度，而germane負(fù)荷是處理和理解信息所需的努力。第二段提到“minimizeextraneouscognitiveloadandoptimizeconditionsforgermanecognitiveload”（最小化額外認(rèn)知負(fù)荷并優(yōu)化germane認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的條件）。這暗示內(nèi)在負(fù)荷和germane負(fù)荷都需要工作記憶資源，并且它們之間可能存在競爭關(guān)系，因?yàn)閮?yōu)化的目標(biāo)是減少干擾（extraneousload）并創(chuàng)造有利于germaneload的條件，這隱含著內(nèi)在load本身就需要資源，可能會(huì)與germaneload競爭有限的workingmemory。選項(xiàng)(E)Intrinsicloadcompeteswithgermaneloadforworkingmemoryresources.最符合這種競爭關(guān)系的描述。7.題干：Accordingtothepassage,whatisonebenefitofurbansprawlcitedbyitsproponents?（根據(jù)文章，其倡導(dǎo)者提到城市蔓延的哪一個(gè)好處？）定位到第二段“Proponentsarguethatsprawloffersbenefitssuchaslowerhousingcostsandmorespaceperhousehold,cateringtothedesireforsuburbanliving”（倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為城市蔓延提供了好處，如較低住房成本和每戶更多的空間，滿足了人們對郊區(qū)生活的渴望）。文中明確提到了lowerhousingcosts（較低的住房成本）和morespaceperhousehold（每戶更多的空間）是倡導(dǎo)者提出的好處。選項(xiàng)(C)itsprovisionoflowerhousingcostsandmorespace.直接對應(yīng)文中的說法。8.題干：Thepassagesuggeststhatcriticsofurbansprawlareconcernedaboutwhichofthefollowing?（文章暗示城市蔓延的批評者擔(dān)心以下哪項(xiàng)？）定位到第二段“However,criticscontendthatsprawlleadstonumerousnegativeconsequences,includingincreasedtrafficcongestion,longercommutes,degradationofenvironmentalquality,andinefficientuseoflandandinfrastructure”（然而，批評者認(rèn)為城市蔓延會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多負(fù)面后果，包括交通擁堵加劇、通勤時(shí)間延長、環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降以及土地和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施使用效率低下）。同時(shí)提到“Theyarguethatitpromotesdependenceonautomobiles,exacerbatessocialinequalitiesbylimitingaccesstoaffordablehousingindesirableareas,andcontributessignificantlytoairpollutionandhabitatloss”（他們認(rèn)為它促進(jìn)了對汽車的依賴，通過限制在理想地區(qū)獲得體面住房的機(jī)會(huì)來加劇社會(huì)不平等，并對空氣污染和棲息地喪失做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)）。選項(xiàng)(B)thepotentialforincreasedautomobiledependence.是文中批評者明確提到的一個(gè)擔(dān)憂。其他選項(xiàng)如(A)thehistoricalprecedentforsuburbandevelopment.是proponents的觀點(diǎn)。(C)thedesirabilityoflowerhousingcosts.是proponents的觀點(diǎn)。(D)thepromotionofsocialinequalities.是critics的觀點(diǎn)，但更具體的是“l(fā)imitingaccesstoaffordablehousing”（限制獲得體面住房的機(jī)會(huì)）。(E)theefficiencyoflanduseinurbanareas.是critics指出的negativeconsequence（負(fù)面后果），但并非他們特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的擔(dān)憂核心。(F)thehistoricalpatternofAmericansettlement.是proponents引用的論據(jù)。9.題干：Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthefindingsofrecentstudiesonurbansprawl?（文章暗示近期關(guān)于城市蔓延的研究成果是什么？）定位到第二段最后一句“Recentstudieshaveattemptedtomovebeyondthesesimplisticdichotomiesbyexaminingthecomplexinteractionsbetweenurbanform,transportationsystems,andenvironmentalimpacts.Thesestudiessuggestthattheeffectsofsprawlarehighlycontext-dependentandthatcarefulplanningandpolicyinterventionscanmitigatemanyofitsdetrimentaleffects”（近期研究試圖通過考察城市形態(tài)、交通系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境影響之間的復(fù)雜相互作用來超越這些簡單的二元對立。這些研究表明，城市蔓延的影響高度依賴于具體背景，并且仔細(xì)的規(guī)劃和政策干預(yù)可以減輕其許多不利影響）。文章提到這些研究試圖“movebeyondsimplisticdichotomies”（超越簡單的二元對立），表明其特點(diǎn)是更細(xì)致、更復(fù)雜。并且指出影響是“highlycontext-dependent”（高度依賴于具體背景），以及存在“mitigation”（緩解）的可能性。選項(xiàng)(B)Theyprovideamorenuancedunderstandingofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenurbanform,transportation,andtheenvironment.“Morenuancedunderstanding”（更細(xì)致入微的理解）和“complexinteractions”（復(fù)雜相互作用）直接對應(yīng)了文中所描述的近期研究的特征。其他選項(xiàng)如(A)Theysupportthe觀點(diǎn)thatsprawlisaninevitableconsequenceofeconomicdevelopment.與文中“movebeyonddichotomies”不符。(C)Theyconfirmtheconcernsofcriticsaboutthenegativesocialconsequencesofsprawl.文中未明確說研究證實(shí)了批評者的所有擔(dān)憂。(D)Theyattributethenegativeeffectsofsprawlprimarilytotheuseofautomobiles.文中提到汽車依賴，但未說是主要原因。(E)Theysuggestthaturbanspraw