醫(yī)學英語挑戰(zhàn)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯測試題及解析一、單選題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theconditioncharacterizedbythenarrowingofthecoronaryarteriesiscalled______.A)HypertensionB)AtherosclerosisC)AnginapectorisD)Myocardialinfarction2.Whichofthefollowingistheprimaryvalveintheheartthatpreventsbackflowofbloodintotheatria?A)PulmonaryvalveB)AorticvalveC)MitralvalveD)Tricuspidvalve3.Theprocessbywhichredbloodcellsaredestroyedandhemoglobinisrecycledistermed______.A)ErythropoiesisB)HemolysisC)ErythrocytosisD)Leukocytosis4.Asuddenandseverereductioninbloodpressureleadingtoshockisknownas______.A)HypotensionB)HypovolemicshockC)CardiogenicshockD)Septicshock5.Thetermfortheinflammationoftheinnerliningoftheheartis______.A)EndocarditisB)PericarditisC)MyocarditisD)Pericardialeffusion6.Thedisorderinwhichtheheartrhythmisirregularandtoofastiscalled______.A)TachycardiaB)BradycardiaC)ArrhythmiaD)Hypertension7.Themedicaltermforthebuildupofplaqueinthearteriesis______.A)ArteriosclerosisB)ArteritisC)AtherosclerosisD)Thrombosis8.Theprocedureusedtorepairorreplacedamagedheartvalvesiscalled______.A)AngioplastyB)ValverepairC)Coronaryarterybypassgrafting(CABG)D)Aorticvalvereplacement9.Thetermforthenarrowingofthelumenoftheaortais______.A)AorticstenosisB)AorticaneurysmC)AortitisD)Aortoplasty10.Theconditioninwhichtheheartcannotpumpenoughbloodtomeetthebody’sneedsiscalled______.A)HeartfailureB)HypertensionC)ArrhythmiaD)Myocarditis二、填空題（每題2分，共10題）1.Theprocessofformingnewbloodcellsinthebonemarrowiscalled______.2.Themedicaltermforthesuddenblockageofbloodflowtotheheartmuscleis______.3.Thevalvebetweentheleftatriumandleftventricleiscalledthe______.4.Theconditioninwhichtheheartrateisslowerthannormalistermed______.5.Themedicaltermfortheweakeningandbulgingofabloodvesselwallis______.6.Thetermfortheinflammationoftheheartmuscleis______.7.Theprocessofdissolvingabloodclotiscalled______.8.Themedicaltermforthepressureinthearterieswhentheheartbeatsis______.9.Thedisorderinwhichtheheartrhythmistooslowiscalled______.10.Thetermforthenarrowingofthepulmonaryarteriesis______.三、名詞解釋（每題3分，共5題）1.Atherosclerosis2.Bradycardia3.Myocardialinfarction4.Endocarditis5.Hypertension四、匹配題（每題2分，共10題）Matchthefollowingtermswiththeirdefinitions:1.Aorticvalve2.Tricuspidvalve3.Hypotension4.Anginapectoris5.Erythropoiesis6.Arrhythmia7.Aorticaneurysm8.Coronaryarterydisease9.Leukocytosis10.PericarditisA)Themedicaltermfortheinflammationofthepericardium.B)Theconditioninwhichtheheartrateistooslow.C)Thenarrowingofthecoronaryarteries.D)Themedicaltermfortheincreasednumberofwhitebloodcells.E)Thevalvebetweentherightatriumandrightventricle.F)Themedicaltermfortheweakeningandbulgingoftheaorta.G)Theirregularheartbeat.H)Thevalvebetweentheleftventricleandaorta.I)Theprocessofformingredbloodcells.J)Theconditionofabnormallylowbloodpressure.答案及解析一、單選題答案及解析1.B)Atherosclerosis-解析：Atherosclerosis是指冠狀動脈狹窄，導致血流受阻，是冠心病的主要病理基礎(chǔ)。其他選項中，hypertension是高血壓，anginapectoris是心絞痛，myocardialinfarction是心肌梗死。2.C)Mitralvalve-解析：Mitralvalve是左心房和左心室之間的瓣膜，防止血液反流。Pulmonaryvalve是肺動脈瓣，aorticvalve是主動脈瓣，tricuspidvalve是三尖瓣。3.B)Hemolysis-解析：Hemolysis是指紅細胞破壞的過程，釋放血紅蛋白。Erythropoiesis是紅細胞生成，erythrocytosis是紅細胞增多，leukocytosis是白細胞增多。4.B)Hypovolemicshock-解析：Hypovolemicshock是因血容量不足導致的休克，常見于失血或脫水。Cardiogenicshock是心臟泵功能衰竭導致的休克，septicshock是感染性休克。5.A)Endocarditis-解析：Endocarditis是指心內(nèi)膜的炎癥，常由細菌或真菌感染引起。Pericarditis是心包炎，myocarditis是心肌炎，pericardialeffusion是心包積液。6.A)Tachycardia-解析：Tachycardia是指心率過快，通常超過100次/分鐘。Bradycardia是心動過緩，arrhythmia是心律失常，hypertension是高血壓。7.C)Atherosclerosis-解析：Atherosclerosis是動脈粥樣硬化，指動脈壁脂質(zhì)沉積導致狹窄。Arteriosclerosis是動脈硬化，但后者更廣泛，而atherosclerosis特指脂質(zhì)斑塊。8.B)Valverepair-解析：Valverepair是指修復或替換受損的心臟瓣膜。Angioplasty是血管成形術(shù)，CABG是冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)，aorticvalvereplacement是主動脈瓣置換術(shù)。9.A)Aorticstenosis-解析：Aorticstenosis是指主動脈瓣狹窄，導致血流受阻。Aorticaneurysm是主動脈瘤，aortitis是主動脈炎，aortoplasty是主動脈成形術(shù)。10.A)Heartfailure-解析：Heartfailure是指心臟泵血功能不足，無法滿足身體需求。Hypertension是高血壓，arrhythmia是心律失常，myocarditis是心肌炎。二、填空題答案及解析1.Erythropoiesis-解析：Erythropoiesis是指紅細胞生成，發(fā)生在骨髓中。2.Myocardialinfarction-解析：Myocardialinfarction是心肌梗死，由冠狀動脈阻塞引起。3.Mitralvalve-解析：Mitralvalve是左心房和左心室之間的瓣膜。4.Bradycardia-解析：Bradycardia是指心率過慢，通常低于60次/分鐘。5.Aorticaneurysm-解析：Aorticaneurysm是指主動脈壁膨脹，增加破裂風險。6.Myocarditis-解析：Myocarditis是指心肌炎癥，常由病毒感染引起。7.Fibrinolysis-解析：Fibrinolysis是指溶解血凝塊的過程，防止血栓形成。8.Systolicbloodpressure-解析：Systolicbloodpressure是指心臟收縮時的動脈血壓。9.Bradycardia-解析：Bradycardia是指心率過慢，可能導致頭暈或暈厥。10.Pulmonaryhypertension-解析：Pulmonaryhypertension是指肺動脈壓力升高，增加右心負擔。三、名詞解釋答案及解析1.Atherosclerosis-解析：Atherosclerosis是動脈粥樣硬化，指動脈壁因脂質(zhì)沉積、炎癥反應等導致狹窄，是冠心病的主要病因。2.Bradycardia-解析：Bradycardia是指心率過慢（通常低于60次/分鐘），可能由心臟傳導系統(tǒng)問題或藥物引起，嚴重時可導致暈厥。3.Myocardialinfarction-解析：Myocardialinfarction（心肌梗死）是冠狀動脈急性閉塞導致的心肌缺血壞死，需緊急治療。4.Endocarditis-解析：Endocarditis是指心內(nèi)膜的感染性炎癥，常由細菌或真菌引起，可導致瓣膜損傷。5.Hypertension-解析：Hypertension（高血壓）是指動脈血壓持續(xù)升高，增加心血管疾病風險。四、匹配題答案及解析1.H)Aorticvalve-解析：Aorticvalve是左心室和主動脈之間的瓣膜。2.E)Tricuspidvalve-解析：Tricuspidvalve是右心房和右心室之間的瓣膜。3.J)Hypotension-解析：Hypotension是指血壓過低，可能導致休克。4.C)Anginapectoris-解析：Anginapectoris是冠狀動脈狹窄引起的心絞痛，表現(xiàn)為胸痛。5.I)Erythropoiesis-解析：Erythropoiesis是指紅細胞生成。6.G)Arrhythmia-解析：Arrhythmia是指心