醫(yī)學術語詞匯自測題及答案集醫(yī)學英語篇一、選擇題（每題2分，共10題）說明：下列每題提供四個選項，請選擇最符合題意的答案。1.題干：Themedicalterm"myocardialinfarction"isderivedfromGreekroots.Whatdoes"myo-"mean?A.HeartB.MuscleC.InflammationD.Blood答案：B解析："Myo-"isaprefixmeaning"muscle";"cardial"referstotheheart;"infarction"meanstissuedeathduetoblockedbloodflow.2.題干：Whichofthefollowingsuffixesmeans"inflammation"?A.-itisB.-logyC.-emiaD.-graph答案：A解析："-itis"isasuffixindicatinginflammation(e.g.,pneumonia,bronchitis)."-logy"meansstudyof;"-emia"meansbloodcondition;"-graph"meansinstrumentforrecording.3.題干：Theterm"neurotransmitter"referstochemicalsthat:A.BuildbonesB.RegulatebloodsugarC.TransmitnerveimpulsesD.Breakdownfats答案：C解析：Neurotransmittersaresubstances(e.g.,serotonin,dopamine)thattransmitsignalsacrosssynapsesinthenervoussystem.4.題干：Whatdoes"hypotension"mean?A.HighbloodpressureB.LowbloodpressureC.HighheartrateD.Lowbloodsugar答案：B解析："Hypo-"means"under"or"less";"tension"referstopressure.Hypotensionisabnormallylowbloodpressure.5.題干：Theprefix"bio-"in"biopsy"means:A.LifeB.BoneC.BloodD.Cell答案：A解析："Bio-"isaprefixmeaning"life"or"livingtissue";"opsy"meansexamination.Biopsyistheremovaloftissueforexamination.二、填空題（每題3分，共5題）說明：下列句子中缺少一個醫(yī)學詞匯，請從括號中選擇最合適的詞填入。1.Thepatient's______(aconditionwhereredbloodcellsareabnormallylarge)wasdiagnosedthroughbloodtests.A.ThrombocytopeniaB.SicklecelldiseaseC.MacrocytosisD.Anemia答案：C解析：Macrocytosismeansabnormallylargeredbloodcells.Thrombocytopeniaislowplateletcount;sicklecelldiseaseisageneticblooddisorder;anemiaisageneraltermforreducedbloodoxygen.2.Thesurgeonperformeda______(surgicalremovaloftheappendix)totreatacuteappendicitis.A.LaparoscopyB.CholecystectomyC.AppendectomyD.Hemorrhoidectomy答案：C解析：Appendectomyistheremovaloftheappendix.Laparoscopyisminimallyinvasivesurgery;cholecystectomyisgallbladderremoval;hemorrhoidectomyishemorrhoidremoval.3.Thesymptomof______(inabilitytosleep)significantlyaffectedthepatient'squalityoflife.A.NystagmusB.InsomniaC.TetanusD.Dyspnea答案：B解析：Insomniaisdifficultysleeping.Nystagmusisinvoluntaryeyemovement;tetanusismusclestiffness;dyspneaisshortnessofbreath.4.Themedicationhelpsreduce______(excessacidproductioninthestomach).A.HyperglycemiaB.HypertensionC.HyperacidityD.Hyperkalemia答案：C解析：Hyperacidityreferstoexcessstomachacid.Hyperglycemiaishighbloodsugar;hypertensionishighbloodpressure;hyperkalemiaishighpotassium.5.Thedoctorrecommendeda______(bloodtesttomeasureliverfunction)duetoabdominalpain.A.CBCB.LiverpanelC.ECGD.MRI答案：B解析：Aliverpaneltestsliverfunction.CBCiscompletebloodcount;ECGiselectrocardiogram;MRIismagneticresonanceimaging.三、名詞解釋（每題4分，共3題）說明：請解釋下列醫(yī)學名詞的含義。1.名詞：Edema答案：Edemaistheswellingofbodytissuesduetoexcessfluidaccumulation.Itcommonlyoccursinthelegs,ankles,orhandsandcanbecausedbyheartfailure,kidneydisease,orinflammation.2.名詞：DiabetesMellitus答案：DiabetesMellitusisachronicmetabolicdisordercharacterizedbyhighbloodsugarlevels(hyperglycemia)duetoinsufficientinsulinproductionorresistancetoinsulin.Ithastwomaintypes:Type1(autoimmunedestructionofinsulin-producingcells)andType2(insulinresistanceandrelativeinsulindeficiency).3.名詞：Cardiomyopathy答案：Cardiomyopathyisadiseaseoftheheartmusclethatmakesitharderforthehearttopumpbloodeffectively.Itcanbecausedbyinfections,geneticfactors,orhighbloodpressure.Typesincludedilated,hypertrophic,andrestrictivecardiomyopathy.四、句子改錯（每題5分，共3題）說明：下列句子中存在醫(yī)學術語錯誤，請指出并改正。1.原句：Thepatienthasahigh______(cholesterin)level,whichincreasestheriskofheartdisease.答案：Cholesterol(正確：cholesterin→cholesterol)解析：Thecorrecttermforthewaxyfatinbloodis"cholesterol,"not"cholesterin."2.原句：Thedoctorprescribed______(antibiotical)medicationtotreattheinfection.答案：Antibiotic(正確：antibiotical→antibiotic)解析：Thecorrecttermis"antibiotic"(noun),not"antibiotical"(adjective).3.原句：Thepatient's______(hypertensive)crisisrequiredimmediateemergencycare.答案：Hypertensive(正確：hypertensive→hypertensive)解析：Thecorrecttermis"hypertensive"(adjective),not"hypertensive"(noun).Thesentenceshouldbe:"Thepatient'shypertensivecrisisrequiredimmediateemergencycare."五、翻譯題（每題6分，共2題）說明：請將下列醫(yī)學英語句子翻譯成中文。1.英文句子：Thepatientpresentedwithacute______(myocardialinfarction)andwasadmittedtothecoronarycareunit.答案：患者出現急性心肌梗死，被收入冠心病監(jiān)護病房。解析：Myocardialinfarctionmeans"心肌梗死";coronarycareunitis"冠心病監(jiān)護病房."2.英文句子：A______(computedtomography)scanrevealedamassinthepatient'slung,suggestingpossiblemalignancy.答案：計算機斷層掃描（CT）顯示患者肺部有腫塊，提示可能為惡性病變。解析：Computedtomographymeans"計算機斷層掃描";malignancyis"惡性病變."答案與解析（單獨列出）答案與解析一、選擇題1.答案：B解析："Myo-"isaprefixmeaning"muscle";"cardial"referstotheheart;"infarction"meanstissuedeathduetoblockedbloodflow.2.答案：A解析："-itis"isasuffixindicatinginflammation(e.g.,pneumonia,bronchitis)."-logy"meansstudyof;"-emia"meansbloodcondition;"-graph"meansinstrumentforrecording.3.答案：C解析：Neurotransmittersaresubstances(e.g.,serotonin,dopamine)thattransmitsignalsacrosssynapsesinthenervoussystem.4.答案：B解析："Hypo-"means"under"or"less";"tension"referstopressure.Hypotensionisabnormallylowbloodpressure.5.答案：A解析："Bio-"isaprefixmeaning"life"or"livingtissue";"opsy"meansexamination.Biopsyistheremovaloftissueforexamination.二、填空題1.答案：C解析：Macrocytosismeansabnormallylargeredbloodcells.Thrombocytopeniaislowplateletcount;sicklecelldiseaseisageneticblooddisorder;anemiaisageneraltermforreducedbloodoxygen.2.答案：C解析：Appendectomyistheremovaloftheappendix.Laparoscopyisminimallyinvasivesurgery;cholecystectomyisgallbladderremoval;hemorrhoidectomyishemorrhoidremoval.3.答案：B解析：Insomniaisdifficultysleeping.Nystagmusisinvoluntaryeyemovement;tetanusismusclestiffness;dyspneaisshortnessofbreath.4.答案：C解析：Hyperacidityreferstoexcessstomachacid.Hyperglycemiaishighbloodsugar;hypertensionishighbloodpressure;hyperkalemiaishighpotassium.5.答案：B解析：Aliverpaneltestsliverfunction.CBCiscompletebloodcount;ECGiselectrocardiogram;MRIismagneticresonanceimaging.三、名詞解釋1.Edema：Edemaistheswellingofbodytissuesduetoexcessfluidaccumulation.Itcommonlyoccursinthelegs,ankles,orhandsandcanbecausedbyheartfailure,kidneydisease,orinflammation.2.DiabetesMellitus：DiabetesMellitusisachronicmetabolicdisordercharacterizedbyhighbloodsugarlevels(hyperglycemia)duetoinsufficientinsulinproductionorresistancetoinsulin.Ithastwomaintypes:Type1(autoimmunedestructionofinsulin-producingcells)andType2(insulinresistanceandrelativeinsulindeficiency).3.Cardiomyopathy：Cardiomyopathyisadiseaseoftheheartmusclethatmakesitharderforthehearttopumpbloodeffectively.Itcanbecausedbyinfections,geneticfactors,orhighbloodpressure.Typesincludedilated,hypertrophic,andrestrictivecardiomyopathy.四、句子改錯1.原句：Thepatienthasahigh______(cholesterin)level,whichincreasestheriskofheartdisease.答案：Cholesterol(正確：cholesterin→cholesterol)解析：Thecorrecttermforthewaxyfatinbloodis"cholesterol,"not"cholesterin."2.原句：Thedoctorprescribed______(antibiotical)medicationtotreattheinfection.答案：Antibiotic(正確：antibiotical