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專題03閱讀詞匯TOC\o"14"\h\u目錄01析·考情精解 202構(gòu)·知能架構(gòu) 203破·考點攻堅 3考點一文化傳承類詞匯 3真題動向在語篇情境中考查文化繼承類話題的閱讀理解必備知識知識1文化核心術(shù)語知識2傳承與交流動作知識3文化特征描述關(guān)鍵能力能力1語境猜詞能力:依托邏輯與構(gòu)詞法破解詞義能力2詞匯邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)能力:通過詞匯梳理語篇邏輯能力3主題詞匯聚焦能力:鎖定核心詞把握主旨能力4同義替換匹配能力:精準(zhǔn)識別細(xì)節(jié)對應(yīng)命題預(yù)測考向1詞義猜測類考向2細(xì)節(jié)理解類考向3主旨大意類考向4推理判斷類考點二科技發(fā)展類詞匯 13真題動向在語篇情境中考查科技發(fā)展類詞匯的意義必備知識知識1科技核心術(shù)語知識2科技影響與動作知識3科技特征描述命題預(yù)測考向1細(xì)節(jié)理解類2.推理判斷類3.詞義猜測類考點三社會熱點類詞匯 21考點四生態(tài)環(huán)保類詞匯 26考點五校園生活類詞匯 31

命題軌跡透視從近五年高考試題來看,北京卷閱讀理解以細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、主旨大意、詞義猜測為核心題型,詞匯考查聚焦“語境適配+邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)”。命題趨勢:在記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文四大體裁中,考查學(xué)生對核心詞匯的語境理解、同義替換、邏輯推斷能力,重點覆蓋文化傳承、科技發(fā)展、社會熱點、生態(tài)環(huán)保、校園生活五大主題,強(qiáng)化詞匯在語篇邏輯中的精準(zhǔn)運用。考點頻次總結(jié)考點2025年2024年2023年2022年2021年文化傳承類詞匯4題(31、32、33、34),8分3題(32、33、34),6分3題(32、33、34),6分科技發(fā)展類詞匯4題(28、29、30、31),8分4題(28、29、30、31),8分4題(31、32、33、34),8分4題(31、32、33、34),8分社會熱點類詞匯3題(28、29、30,6分)3題(21、22、23),6分3題(28、29、30),6分4題(24、25、26、27),8分生態(tài)環(huán)保類詞匯3題(21、22、23),6分)4題(24、25、26、27),8分4題(24、25、26、27),8分3題(28、29、30),6分校園生活類詞匯4題(24、25、26、27),8分4題(24、25、26、27),8分3題(21、22、23),6分)3題(21、22、23),6分)3題(21、22、23),6分)2026命題預(yù)測預(yù)計2026年北京卷閱讀將延續(xù)“體裁穩(wěn)定+主題鮮明”的命題原則,核心考查詞匯的“語境化運用”和“邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)能力”。新增趨勢可能包括:一是強(qiáng)化北京本土文化詞匯考查(如胡同文化、非遺傳承相關(guān)詞匯);二是增加科技與環(huán)保交叉主題詞匯(如“carbonneutrality”“smartconservation”);三是深化熟詞生義、同義替換的考查強(qiáng)度,需重點掌握核心詞匯的多義性和語境適配性,這是閱讀得分的關(guān)鍵考點??键c一文化傳承類詞匯1.(2020年北京卷閱讀理解34,2分)Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappearedsomethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.34.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects. B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques. D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.命題解讀新情境:這是一篇記敘文。主要講述科學(xué)家PaulaSmith致力于對古代手工技能的研究,認(rèn)為科學(xué)家如果能夠把古代的手工技能和現(xiàn)代的科學(xué)方法結(jié)合起來,就能夠創(chuàng)造更大成就新考法:目前閱讀理解注重對文化意識的培養(yǎng),所選取的材料涉及東西方文化的探討,對提高學(xué)生的核心素養(yǎng)有很重要的作用。新角度:通過閱讀詞匯幫助獲取信息,從而推斷其后的文化內(nèi)涵。【答案】D【解析】考查“文化傳承”語境中的詞匯的認(rèn)識和推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯說,這項工作也給博物館帶來了深刻的見解。為了保存它,一個人必須知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是,重建可能是唯一的方法,以了解寶藏磨損之前的樣子。因此可知,博物館要想很好保存物品,必須要知道這件物品是如何制成的,也是在強(qiáng)調(diào)手工技能的價值,故選D。熟悉文化傳承中的詞匯,比如:preserve,treasure,insight,museum,reconstruction,會更容易促進(jìn)理解文章和問題解決,。本題中的難點在于需要推理判斷,僅僅依靠認(rèn)識詞匯不能直接獲取答案,需要深入挖掘文本之外的意義,因此要體會句子的言外之意。2.(2024年全國高考I卷·閱讀理解25;2.5分)Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmusclerelaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.【答案】C【解析】考查“文化傳承”語境中的詞匯的認(rèn)識和推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后,他嘗試了針灸,這是一種古老的中國療法,并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過兩三次治療,他的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。對獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對他的病人也有效。因此,在研究了這些技術(shù)幾年后,他開始把它們提供給寵物。)”可知,F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益,這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。作為中國傳統(tǒng)文化的針灸對世界的影響和幫助,在這個文章中表現(xiàn)明顯。文化核心術(shù)語基礎(chǔ)詞匯:heritage(/?her?t?d?/,遺產(chǎn))、custom(/?k?st?m/,習(xí)俗)、tradition(/tr??d??n/,傳統(tǒng))、culture(/?k?lt??/,文化)、identity(/a??dent?ti/,認(rèn)同)、festival(/?fest?vl/,節(jié)日)常用搭配:culturalheritage(文化遺產(chǎn))、traditionalcustom(傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗)、culturalidentity(文化認(rèn)同)、folkart(民間藝術(shù))、inheritthetradition(傳承傳統(tǒng))場景例句:PapercuttingisapreciousintangibleculturalheritageofChina.(剪紙是中國珍貴的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。)傳承與交流動作基礎(chǔ)詞匯:inherit(/?n?her?t/,繼承)、passdown(傳遞)、preserve(/pr??z??v/,保護(hù))、promote(/pr??m??t/,推廣)、exchange(/?ks?t?e?nd?/,交流)、innovate(/??n?ve?t/,創(chuàng)新)常用搭配:preservetraditionalcrafts(保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)工藝)、promoteculturalexchange(促進(jìn)文化交流)、innovatetechniques(創(chuàng)新技術(shù))、passdownfromgenerationtogeneration(代代相傳)場景例句:Youngartistsaretryingtoinnovatetraditionalmusictoattractmorelisteners.(年輕藝術(shù)家正嘗試創(chuàng)新傳統(tǒng)音樂以吸引更多聽眾。)文化特征描述基礎(chǔ)詞匯:ancient(/?e?n??nt/,古老的)、traditional(/tr??d???nl/,傳統(tǒng)的)、unique(/ju?ni?k/,獨特的)、priceless(/?pra?sl?s/,無價的)、intangible(/?n?t?nd??bl/,非物質(zhì)的)、authentic(/???θent?k/,正宗的)常用搭配:ancientcivilization(古老文明)、uniqueculturalcharacteristics(獨特的文化特征)、authenticfolkcustoms(正宗的民間習(xí)俗)場景例句:TheGreatWallisasymbolofancientChinesecivilization.(長城是中國古代文明的象征。)同義詞匯混淆:如“preserve”(強(qiáng)調(diào)“保護(hù)使之不受破壞”)與“reserve”(強(qiáng)調(diào)“預(yù)留”),“inherit”(強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼承傳統(tǒng)、遺產(chǎn)”)與“receive”(強(qiáng)調(diào)“收到”),需結(jié)合文化傳承語境判斷。熟詞生義誤解:如“heritage”除“遺產(chǎn)”外,在文化語境中可指“傳統(tǒng)積淀”;“custom”與“habit”的區(qū)別(前者指“社會/群體習(xí)俗”,后者指“個人習(xí)慣”)。固定搭配遺漏:如“intangibleculturalheritage”(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))是北京卷高頻表達(dá),需牢記“intangible”的拼寫和含義,避免誤寫為“untangible”。能力1語境猜詞能力:依托邏輯與構(gòu)詞法破解詞義1.詞根詞綴輔助猜詞(2024西城一模D篇)原文:Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.題干:Whatdoes"desensitize"mostprobablymean?選項:Make...Make...lessdestructive.B.Make...lessresponsive.C.Make...lessprotective.D.Make...lesseffective.解析:構(gòu)詞法拆解:詞根“sense”表“感知”,后綴“ize”表“使……化”,動詞“sensitize”為“使敏感”;前綴“de”表“降低、去除”。“desensitize”=de(去除)+sensitize(使敏感),含義為“使去除敏感性”,即“脫敏”。語境驗證:治療花生過敏的核心是降低身體對過敏原的反應(yīng),與選項B“Make...lessresponsive(使反應(yīng)減弱)”精準(zhǔn)匹配。2.因果邏輯猜詞(2025西城一模C篇)原文:Socialmediaalgorithmsstokethefiresofdivision,lockingusintoechochambersthatreinforceourpreexistingbeliefsandshutdowndebate.題干:Whatdoes"stoke"probablymean?選項:A.Fuel.B.Keep.C.Put.D.Contain.解析:邏輯線索:后文“l(fā)ockingusintoechochambers...shutdowndebate”是前文動作的結(jié)果,體現(xiàn)“算法加劇分裂”的因果關(guān)系。語義關(guān)聯(lián):“stokethefires”為固定搭配,結(jié)合結(jié)果“強(qiáng)化固有觀念、扼殺辯論”,可推斷為“火上澆油”;選項A“Fuel(給……提供燃料)”與“stoke”同義,符合因果邏輯鏈。能力2詞匯邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)能力:通過詞匯梳理語篇邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯中的詞匯對比(2024北京高考C篇)原文:Urbangardeningisoftenpraisedforitsenvironmentalbenefits,suchasreducingcarbonemissions.However,criticsarguethatitisimpracticalforlargescalefoodproduction—mostcityspacesaretoolimitedtogrowenoughcropsforamunity.題干:Whatisthecritics'attitudetowardsurbangardening?選項:A.SupportiveB.DoubtfulC.UnconcernedD.Optimistic解析:邏輯詞定位:“However”明確轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,前文用“praised”“benefits”表肯定,后文通過“criticsargue”“impractical”“toolimited”轉(zhuǎn)向否定。詞匯關(guān)聯(lián):“impractical”(不切實際的)直接傳遞質(zhì)疑態(tài)度,與選項B“Doubtful”形成邏輯呼應(yīng),排除與轉(zhuǎn)折前情感一致的A、D。因果邏輯中的詞匯串聯(lián)(2025門頭溝一模C篇)原文:RobotscouldautomatenearlyhalfofUSjobswithintwodecades.Thisautomationwillreducelaborcostsforbusinessesbutmaycauseunemployment,especiallyforlowskillworkers.Governmentsmustdesignpoliciestosupportworkforceretraining.題干:Whydogovernmentsneedtodevelopretrainingpolicies?選項:A.Robotsaretooexpensivetomaintain.B.Automationmayleadtojobloss.C.Workersrefusetousenewtechnology.D.Businessesdemandmoreskilledrobots.解析:邏輯鏈搭建:“automation”(自動化)→“reducelaborcosts”(降成本)→“causeunemployment”(致失業(yè))→“needretrainingpolicies”(需培訓(xùn)政策),因果關(guān)系通過動詞“reduce”“cause”“need”串聯(lián)。細(xì)節(jié)匹配:“causeunemployment”直接解釋政策必要性,與選項B“Automationmayleadtojobloss”同義,其中“l(fā)eadto”是“cause”的高頻替換詞。能力3主題詞匯聚焦能力:鎖定核心詞把握主旨高頻名詞鎖定主題(2025東城一模D篇)原文脈絡(luò):首段提出“Beijing’spushforcarbonneutrality”→中段舉例“replacingcoalwithnaturalgas”“expandingelectricbuses”→尾段強(qiáng)調(diào)“publicparticipationinlowcarbonlifestyles”。題干:Whatisthemainideaofthetext?選項:A.Beijing’selectricbusesarepopularamongresidentsB.CoalfiredpowercausesseriouspollutionC.BeijingadvancescarbonneutralitythroughmultiplemeasuresD.Lowcarbonlifestylesaredifficulttoadopt解析:主題詞提?。焊哳l出現(xiàn)的“carbonneutrality”(碳中和)“l(fā)owcarbon”(低碳)“measures”(措施)構(gòu)成核心主題框架。干擾排除:A、B僅涉及中段單一細(xì)節(jié)(電動公交、煤炭污染),D與原文“publicparticipation”矛盾;選項C包含核心主題詞“carbonneutrality”及支撐邏輯“multiplemeasures”,符合主旨要求。核心動詞體現(xiàn)主線(2024海淀二模B篇)原文脈絡(luò):Hutongrenovationaimstopreservetraditionalculture—notjustrestorebuildings,butalsoprotectlocalresidents’lifestyles.munityworkshopspromotefolkarts,whiledigitaldisplayssharehutongstorieswithtourists.題干:Whatisthekeygoalofhutongrenovation?選項:A.Toattractmoretourists.B.Topreservetraditionalculture.C.Tobuildmodernbuildings.D.Toincreasepropertyvalues.解析:動詞線索:“preserve”“protect”“promote”“share”均圍繞“傳承文化”展開,其中“preserve”(保護(hù)、傳承)反復(fù)出現(xiàn),是主題核心動詞。選項驗證:B直接包含核心動詞“preserve”及主題詞“traditionalculture”,其余選項均偏離動詞群指向的主線。能力4同義替換匹配能力:精準(zhǔn)識別細(xì)節(jié)對應(yīng)1.動詞替換(2024北京高考B篇)原文:Theprogramhelpsstudentsdevelopcriticalthinkingskillsbyanalyzingrealworldproblems.?題干:Whatdoestheprogramhelpstudentsdo?選項:A.EnhancecriticalthinkingskillsB.SolveplexmathproblemsC.LearnaboutworldhistoryD.Improvemunicationskills解析:替換識別:題干“helpstudentsdo”對應(yīng)原文“helpsstudentsdevelop”,其中“Enhance”是“develop”的高頻同義替換詞。細(xì)節(jié)匹配:“criticalthinkingskills”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),選項A完全對應(yīng),其余選項均無原文依據(jù)。?2.形容詞替換(2025朝陽一模C篇)原文:Thenewtechnologyiseffectiveinreducingenergyuseby30%.題干:Whatistheadvantageofthenewtechnology?選項:A.ItisaffordableforsmallbusinessesB.ItisefficientinsavingenergyC.ItiseasytoinstallD.Itispopularamongusers解析:替換識別:題干“advantage”對應(yīng)原文“effective”(有效的),選項中“efficient”(高效的)是其常見同義替換。數(shù)據(jù)驗證:“savingenergy”對應(yīng)“reducingenergyuse”,30%的數(shù)據(jù)支撐“efficient”的表述,選項B精準(zhǔn)匹配。北京卷詞匯考查核心規(guī)律總結(jié)1.同義替換高頻詞:動詞(develop→enhance,cause→leadto)、形容詞(effective→efficient,important→crucial)是命題重點,需優(yōu)先積累。2.猜詞邏輯偏好:轉(zhuǎn)折(however)、因果(so/because)、舉例(forexample)是主要線索,詞根詞綴(de表否定,ize表使動)輔助性強(qiáng)。3.主題詞特征:環(huán)保(carbonneutrality、biodiversity)、文化(heritage、preserve)、科技(automation、algorithm)是高頻主題域,多以名詞形式反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。4.邏輯詞功能:however、therefore、but等連接詞直接決定語義方向,是推理題與主旨題的“解題鑰匙”。1.DigitalBridges:RevitalizingBeijing'sIntangibleCulturalHeritageBeijing'sEightImperialHandicrafts,includingcloisonnéandpapercutting,havelongbeensymbolsofthecity'sculturalidentity.However,theseageoldcraftsfacedfadingpopularityasyoungergenerationsturnedtomodernhobbies.Toaddressthis,theBeijingArtsandCraftsMuseum(BACM)launchedacrossyearexhibitionin2024,blendingtraditionalcraftsmanshipwithdigitalinnovation.Theexhibitionfeaturesinteractivedisplays:visitorscanuseVRheadsetstowatchmasterartisanscarvejade,ortrydigitalpapercuttingontablets—creatingpatternsofzodiacanimalsthatcanbesharedonlinewith#BeijingCraftMagic."We'renotjustshowingrelics,"sayscuratorZhouLuyu."We'relettingpeoplecarryonthespiritofthesecraftsintheirownway."Beyondthemuseum,socialmediahasbeeakeyplatformforheritagetransmission.Mr.Wang,aninheritorof"DoughFigurineLang"craftsmanship,postsshortvideosofhiscreationprocess.Hisclips,whichshowcolorfuldoughturningintoPekingOperacharactersinminutes,havegained2millionfollowers."Whenteenagersmentthattheywanttolearn,Iknowthetraditionwon'tdie,"hesays.Internationalcollaborationaddsanotherlayer.TheChinaVineproject,ajointeffortbetweenChineseandAmericanscholars,hasdocumentedBeijing'sruralfolkartsonanopenresourcewebsite.WithEnglishtranslationsanddocumentaries,itallowsglobalaudiencestounderstandthestoriesbehindthesecrafts."Culturalexchangeisn'toneway,"notesresearcherKristinCongdon."It'saboutbuildingconnectionsthroughsharedappreciation."Frommuseumexhibitstoonlinemunities,technologyisprovingtobeapowerfultool—notjusttosavethesetraditions,buttogivethemnewlifeforfuturegenerations.考向1:詞義猜測類1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"carryon"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Giveup B.Passdown C.Showoff D.Lookfor【答案】B【解析】語境線索:前文提及展覽通過數(shù)字技術(shù)讓觀眾體驗傳統(tǒng)工藝,后文王師傅案例補(bǔ)充“傳承工藝精神”的具體實踐,形成邏輯呼應(yīng)。同義替換:“carryon”在此處與文本末段“savethesetraditions”及核心主題詞“inherit”構(gòu)成語義關(guān)聯(lián),對應(yīng)選項B“passdown”(傳承)。干擾項排除:A“放棄”與展覽初衷相悖;C“炫耀”無情感依據(jù);D“尋找”不符合“延續(xù)工藝精神”的語境??枷?:細(xì)節(jié)理解類2.Accordingtothetext,howdoesdigitaltechnologyhelppreservepapercutting?A.Itreplacestraditionalscissorswithdigitaltoolsforallartisans.B.Itallowsvisitorstocreateandsharedigitalpapercutworks.C.Itpostsoldpapercutrelicsonthemuseum'swebsite.D.Itteachesteenagerstomakepapercuttinginschools.【答案】B【解析】定位技巧:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“digitaltechnology”“papercutting”鎖定第二段首句“interactivedisplays”后的具體案例。細(xì)節(jié)匹配:原文明確提到“trydigitalpapercuttingontablets—creatingpatterns...sharedonline”,與選項B完全對應(yīng),體現(xiàn)“digitaltools”對非遺傳播的作用。陷阱規(guī)避:A中“replace”表述絕對(原文是“blending”而非替代);C“oldrelics”未提及數(shù)字創(chuàng)作功能;D“inschools”屬于無中生有,原文僅提到社交媒體吸引青少年興趣??枷?:主旨大意類3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Beijing'sEightImperialHandicraftsarelosingpopularityamongyouth.B.DigitaltechnologypromotestheinnovationofBeijing'sculturalheritage.C.TheChinaVineprojecthelpsforeignerslearnaboutChinesecrafts.D.Socialmediaisthebestwaytospreadtraditionalcraftsmanship.【答案】B【解析】主旨提煉:文章首段提出“數(shù)字創(chuàng)新激活非遺”的核心,中段通過博物館展覽、短視頻傳播、國際合作三個案例支撐,末段總結(jié)“技術(shù)賦予傳統(tǒng)新生”。主題詞鎖定:高頻詞“digitalinnovation”“culturalexchange”“tradition”“newlife”共同指向選項B的核心邏輯。干擾項排除:A僅對應(yīng)首段問題背景,屬于細(xì)節(jié);C局限于國際合作單一案例;D中“bestway”絕對化,原文未比較傳播方式的優(yōu)劣。聚焦傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日、非遺工藝等傳統(tǒng)文化的細(xì)節(jié)及其意義,考查主題詞匯的細(xì)節(jié)匹配。2.(2024北京市海淀區(qū)一模)AtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:“NowIwillteachyouhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.”Ifeltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley(薏米)”and“warm”.WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandonedmyChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters’techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveunfortablyonthenoseassessmentsofmyperson.“Youneedtobebraver,”heonceobserved.“Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceaboldstroke(筆畫).”Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmywritingbetrayedme.Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobewrittenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyonditsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,“Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwodimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou’veapplied,theenergyofyourgrip,thearchofyourspine.”Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmyculturalroots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”24.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername“ChenYiwen”?A.Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit. B.Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.C.Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit. D.Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.25.Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto______.Apickupanewhobby B.reconnectwithheroriginC.gaininsightsintoanewculture D.fitinwithlocalmunity考向4:推理判斷類26.Fromtheteacher’swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy______.A.reflectsthecreator’sspirits B.esfromcreativeenergyC.highlightsthedesignofstrokes D.dependsoncontinuouspractice27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers. B.Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.C.Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth. D.Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。這篇文章主要講述了作者學(xué)習(xí)中國書法的經(jīng)歷和感悟,包括初次接觸書法時的情景,名字的由來,在美國放棄中文名,回到香港學(xué)習(xí)書法的原因,老師對自己的評價,以及通過書法對自身的思考和認(rèn)識等。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley(薏米)”and“warm”.(我的父母是華裔,所以他們請算命先生給我取名字,希望能給我?guī)碜畲蟮暮眠\。于是,我給自己取了一個毫無意義又尷尬的名字:陳薏溫,意思大致是“陳舊”、“薏米”、“溫暖”)”可知,作者認(rèn)為自己的名字“ChenYiwen”是無意義且令人尷尬的,雖然父母是為了追求最大的運氣才取這個名字,但她還是不喜歡。故選C。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.(當(dāng)我在美國生活了14年后,于2021年搬到香港時,我決定學(xué)習(xí)書法。為什么不跟我的傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)系一下呢?我想)”可知,作者決定學(xué)習(xí)書法是為了重新接觸自己的文化根源。故選B。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”(在最近的一次課上,老師指著我剛完成的字對我說:“這個字好多了。我能看到你所做的選擇,你的計算,你的心流。相信自己。這個詞是你的。”他還不如說:“這個字就是你。”)”可推知,從老師的話中,作者了解到書法反映了創(chuàng)作者的精神。故選A?!?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文,特別是根據(jù)最后一段“Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”(在最近的一次課上,老師指著我剛完成的字對我說:“這個字好多了。我能看到你所做的選擇,你的計算,你的心流。相信自己。這個詞是你的?!彼€不如說:“這個字就是你。”)”可知,作者最初學(xué)習(xí)書法是為了“接觸文化遺產(chǎn)(getbackintouchwithmyheritage)”,但過程中逐漸意識到“whatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself(我真正尋求的是回歸自我)”,最終感悟到“thepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully(書法帶來的樂趣讓我更全面地了解自己)”。老師最后評價她的字“thiswordisyours(這個字是你的)”,暗指“字如其人”,作者通過書法探索自我、發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)在的價值與美好。故選B。考點二科技發(fā)展類詞匯1.(2024年新課標(biāo)I卷·閱讀理解28293031,10分)Isprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Beereadytouse. D.Beeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'attention. B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.命題解讀新情境:本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。在閱讀情境中考查對于科技詞匯的理解和使用。新考法:命題情境中,給出了推理判讀題,學(xué)會把握隱含信息。新角度:考查學(xué)生在具體文章情境中的運用而不是直接孤立考查科技詞匯?!敬鸢浮?8.D29.A30.A31.C【解析】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。28.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.(當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時,在紙上學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功。大量的研究證實了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知,在紙上學(xué)習(xí)更有成效,以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.(當(dāng)實驗人員從提出簡單的任務(wù)(如識別閱讀文章的主旨)轉(zhuǎn)移到需要思維抽象的任務(wù)(如從文本中推斷)時)”推知,此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“當(dāng)實驗者從簡單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要精神抽象的任務(wù)時,紙質(zhì)閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意,所以shinethrough應(yīng)是“顯而易見”之意,和D項意思相近。故選D項。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.(但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一個名為“shallowinghypothesis”的理論。根據(jù)這一理論,人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文本,這些文本通常不那么嚴(yán)肅,與閱讀印刷品時相比,投入的精神努力也更少)”可知,shallowinghypothesis假設(shè)讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時會持有一種輕松的心態(tài),不會像閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍那樣投入太多的心理努力。故選A項。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.(音頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力,因此大學(xué)教師越來越多地轉(zhuǎn)向這些技術(shù),例如分配在線講座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知,音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學(xué)生的注意力,所以大學(xué)教師越來越多地使用這些技術(shù)。故選A項。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.(數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用,尤其是在提供印刷品中無法獲得的資源時。然而,為了在需要精神集中和反思的情況下最大限度地學(xué)習(xí),教育工作者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的,即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知,盡管數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用,但當(dāng)需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)時,教育者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的,即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因此暗示紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項。根據(jù)“言外之意”解決推理判斷題。1.從however,infact等不同的連接詞中體會作者著重要講的是什么,體會言外之意。2.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However…本題中however之前是說有教育作用,話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),然而…那就是說作者并不覺得數(shù)字資源、音頻和視頻作用多大。換個說法就是并沒有那么重要,暗示覺得教育的作用是不是萬能的,反而是紙質(zhì)書仍然有價值,仍然不可替代。2.(2024?海淀高三高三下學(xué)期一?!ら喿x理解C,282930,1.5分)Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia(失語癥)togettheirvoiceback—andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain’selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures(癲癇發(fā)作),usingelectrodes(電極)onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto”thebraintosynthesize(合成)music.Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence(AI)modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy’sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences—tempo,stress,accents,andintonation—knownasprosody(韻律).Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwecan’tmunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrainputerinterfaces(BCI),assistivedevicesthatrecordspeechassociatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrainputerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone’sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichermunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands—orbrains—ofpatients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanoninvasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingtheelectrodesclosertogetheronthebrain’ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythebrainproduces.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.B.Thedecodin

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